L@XBT@J KJFKWKF^

@Q^M@J ONXNT@S@V@J
ONXNT@S@V@J X@F@ J[. N FNJC@J XBQV QNAVKB
QNAVKB

A@NQ@TN@ FKT^@JC TNABWNT[

TNABWNT[ TQK@ XNTE@V@
XNTE@V@ Q@T@J@

M^Q@F@

^jtuo Enenjumk Vuc`s Kjfkvkfu Qt`sn E`tnrjkt`s Fk Tue`m Q`okt Xnre`t`

Q`r`j` Mus`f`

Fbsnj Xnedkedkjc 9 Js.Dntty Q.Onp., EXM

Jur @w`llky`m

4008184180>;

Xrbcr`e Qtufk Xrbgnsk Jnrs

QVKOns Skfy` Fm`re` Mus`f` V`jcnr`jc

V`muj 4840/4844

0
 

O@V@ XNJC@JV@T 

Xuik syuour pnjulks ua`po`j onp`f` @ll`m QSV, `t`s snc`l` ou`s` f`j o`rujk`

y`jc fkdnrko`j snmkcc` pnjulks f`p`t enjynlns`ko`j Xrbgnsk Jnrs y`jc dnriuful―

L`pb
L`pbr`
r`j
j @sum
@sum`j
`j Onpn
Onpnr`w
r`w`t
`t`j
`j X`f`
X`f` X`sk
X`sknj
nj J[.N
J[.N fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j Kd
Kdu
u Xbst
Xbst Qnat
Qnatkb
kb

A`ns`
A`ns`rn
rn`` fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j Ontu
Ontud`
d`j
j Xna`m
Xna`m Fk
Fkjk
jk fk Tu`j
Tu`jc
c Tnab
Tnabvn
vnry
ry Xn
Xnre
re`t
`t`` Q`
Q`r`j
r`j``

Mus`f`―. Xrbgnsk Jnrs kjk fk`iuo`j ujtuo enenjumk tuc`s st`sn e`tnrjkt`s fk

TQK@ Xnre`t` Q`r`j` Mus`f` V`jcnr`jc.

F`l`e enjynlns`ko`j tuc`s kjk pnjulks`j enjy`f`rk d`mw` d`jy`o enjf`p`t

 d`jtu`j dnrup` dkedkjc`j, `r`m`j f`j s`r`j

s`r `j f`rk dnrd`c`k pkm`o. ^jtuo ktu p`f`

onsnep`t`j kjk pnjulks enjy`ep`ko`j r`s` tnrke`o`skm onp`f`9

0. Fr.
Fr. (MA)
(MA) Frs.
Frs.M.
M.F`
F`rsb
rsbjb
jb Qnl`
Qnl`ou
ou Ontu
Ontu`` [`y`
[`y`s`
s`j
j QVKO
QVKOns
ns Skfy
Skfy`` Fm`r
Fm`re`
e`

Mus`f` V`jcnr`jc

4. Js.
Js. Tk
Tkrk
rkss @jfr
@jfrk`
k`tk
tk,, Q.On
Q.Onp.
p.,, E.Ons
E.Ons Qnl`ou
Qnl`ou Ontu
Ontu`` QVKO
QVKOns
ns Skfy
Skfy`` Fm`re
Fm`re``

Mus`f` V`jcnr`jc

1. Fr.
Fr. M. E. M`s`
M`s`j,
j, QOE.,
QOE., E.Ons
E.Ons Qnl`ou
Qnl`ou S`okl
S`okl Ontu
Ontu`` 0 Dkf`
Dkf`jc
jc @o`fn
@o`fnek
eko 
o 

QVKOns Skfy` F`re` Mus`f`

6. Qktk
Qktk Jbvy
Jbvy Tbel`m,
Tbel`m, QQV.,
QQV., E.Npkf
E.Npkf Qnl`ou
Qnl`ou S`okl Ontu`
Ontu` 4 Dkf`jc
Dkf`jc @o`fneko 
@o`fneko 

Qtkons Skfy` Fm`re` Mus`f`

>. Kf`
Kf` Lkstk
Lkstk`j
`j`,
`, QQV,
QQV, E.Ons
E.Ons Qnl`
Qnl`ou
ou S`okl
S`okl Ontu
Ontu`` 1 Dkf`
Dkf`jc
jc @o`fne
@o`fneko
ko Qtkons
Qtkons

Skfy` Fm`re` Mus`f`

k
 

kk

7. Js. Fnwk
Fnwk Gktrk`jk,
Gktrk`jk, Q.Onp.
Q.Onp.,, E.Onp Qnl
Qnl`ou
`ou Ontu`
Ontu` Qtufk
Qtufk Q0 Onpnr`w
Onpnr`w`t`
`t`j
j f`j

Xnjfkfko`j Xrbgnsk Jnrs Qtkons Skfy` Fm`re` Mus`f` V`jcnr`jc

3. Js.D
Js.Dnt
ntty
ty Q.On
Q.Onp.
p.,, EXM
EXM Qn
Qnl`
l`ou
ou Xn
Xned
edke
kedk
dkjc
jc Xr
Xrbg
bgns
nskk Jnrs
Jnrs [`jc
[`jc Vnl`
Vnl`m
m

Enednrko`j @r`m`j F`j Dkedkjc`j.

Fnjc`j dnrd`c`k ontnrd`t`s`j f`l`e pnedu`t`j Qorkpsk kjk, pnjulks enjnrke`

orktko f`j s`r`j y`jc dnrskg`t ened`jcuj cuj` enepnrd`ko`j l`pbr`j pnjnlktk`j

kjk.

V`jcnr`jc, 8; Botbdnr 4840

kk
 

F@GV@T KQK

Abjtnjts
O@V@ XNJC@JV@T ..............................................................................................k
..............................................................................................k

F@GV@T KQK......................
............................................
............................................
............................................
..........................................1
....................1

D@D K VKJI@^@J VNBTK....................

..........................................
............................................
............................................0
......................0

@. OBJQNX
OBJQNX F@Q@T
F@Q@T QNAV
QNAVKB
KB A@NQ
A@NQ@TN
@TN@..
@.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
....0
0

0. Fngkjksk....
Fngkjksk.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
............
.................
...................
.............0
....0

4. Ntkblbck..
Ntkblbck.......
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
..............
...................
..................1
.........1

1. Ol`skgko`sk..
Ol`skgko`sk.......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...............
.............6
...6

6. X`tmw`y...
X`tmw`y........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
......7
.7

>. Obeplko`sk.
Obeplko`sk......
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........3
....3

7. Xnj`t`l`os`j
Xnj`t`l`os`j``j...
``j........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
............
..............=
.......=

D. OBJQ
OBJQNX
NX F@Q@
F@Q@T
T ONV^
ONV^D@
D@J
J XNA@
XNA@M
M FKJK (OXF))........................ 08
FKJK (OXF

0. Fngkjk
Fngkjksk.
sk....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........
........
.....08
.08

4. Ntkblbck..
Ntkblbck.......
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
................
...................
..............00
.....00

1. Eno`jksen..
Eno`jksen.......
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
...........00
......00

>. V`jf`
V`jf` f`j cni`l`
cni`l` OXF...
OXF......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
.....0>
.0>

7. Fk`cjb
Fk`cjbs`
s` OXF...
OXF......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
.......0>
...0>

3. Obeplk
Obeplko`s
o`skk Ontud`j
Ontud`j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkjk..
Fkjk.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........
........0
....07
7

kkk
 

D@D KK VKJI@^@J VNBTK ONXNT@S@V@J.........................

ONXNT@S@V@J...............................................03
......................03

@. @Q^M@J ONXNT@S@V@J...............................................................03

0. Xnjco`
Xnjco`ik`j
ik`j Onpnr`w
Onpnr`w`t`j
`t`j...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........
.......03
...03

4. Fk`cjb
Fk`cjbs`
s` Onpnr`w
Onpnr`w`t`
`t`j..
j.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
.......40
...40

1. Tnja`j
Tnja`j`` @sum`j
@sum`j Onpnr`w
Onpnr`w`t`j
`t`j...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
.....44
.44

6. Keplne
Keplnenjt
njt`sk
`sk @sum`j
@sum`j Onpnr`w
Onpnr`w`t`
`t`j..
j.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
......44
..44

>. Nv`lu`
Nv`lu`sk
sk @sum`j
@sum`j Onpnr`w
Onpnr`w`t`
`t`j..
j.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
......41
..41

D@D KKK L@XBT@J O@Q^Q.......................................................

O@Q^Q...............................................................................4>
........................4>

@. Xnjco`ik`j
Xnjco`ik`j.....
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...............
...................
...........4>
..4>

D. @J@
@J@LKQ
LKQ@
@ F@V@..
F@V@.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
........
........
........1
....10
0

A. FK@CJBQ@.
FK@CJBQ@......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..............
.................11
........11

F. KJVNTW
KJVNTWNJQ
NJQKK ONXNT@
ONXNT@S@V
S@V@J.
@J....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.......
........
........
.......1
...11
1

N. A@V@V@
A@V@V@J
J XNTONE
XNTONED@J
D@JC@J
C@J...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
...1>
1>

D@D KW ONQKEX^L@J F@J Q@T@J................................

Q@T@J.................................................
.............................
............1;
1;

@. Onskepul`j.
Onskepul`j......
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
.........1;
...1;

D. Q`r`j......
Q`r`j...........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
.........
.........
..........
..........
..........
..........
..........
...........
...............6
.........68
8

F@GV@T X^QV@O@................................
X^QV@O@......................................................
............................................
.....................................60
...............60

6
 

D@D K

VKJI@^@J VNBTK

@. OBJQNX F@Q@T
F@Q@T QNAVKB
QNAVKB A@NQ@TN@
A@NQ@TN@

0. Fngkjksk

Enjurut
Enjurut Jur``rkg
Jur``rkg f`j Ousue` p`f` t`muj 480>,
480>, enjinl`so`j
enjinl`so`j d`mw`

Qnatkb A`ns`rn`
A`ns`rn`   (QA)
(QA) `f
`f`l
`l`m
`m su`t
su`tu
u a`r`
a`r` uj
ujtu
tuo
o enl`
enl`mk
mkro`
ro`j
j i`
i`jk
jkj
j

fnjc`j enedu`t s`y`t`j p`f` fkjfkjc utnrus enl`luk fkjfkjc fnp`j

 pnrut. Qnatkb A`ns`rn` (QA)

A`ns`rn` (QA) `f`l`m prbsns pnrs`lkj`j fnjc`j enl`luk
 pnednf`m`j fke`j` krks`j fkl`ouo`j fk pnrut ujtuo enjcnlu`ro`j

snbr`jc d`yk (Njf`jc Xurwb`stutk `jf Qkwk S`ly`jk, 4806).

4806).  

Qnatkb
Qnatkb a`ns`rn
a`ns`rn`
` `f`l`m prbsnfur pnednf`m`j y`jc fkcuj`o`j ujtuo 

enl`mkro`j d`yk enl`luk s`y`t`j y`jc fkdu`t p`f` pnrut f`j r`mke kdu

(M`rt`tkk f`j E`ryujk, 480>). Qnatkb a`ns`rn` `f`l`m su`tu pnrs`lkj`j

(M`rt`t

 du`t`j fke`j` i`jkj fkl`mkro`j enl`luk su`tu kjsksk p`f` fkjfkjc fnp`t

 pnrut f`j fkjfkjc r`mke fnjc`j sy`r`t r`mke f`l`e on`f``j utum

snrt` dnr`t i`jkj fk`t`s >88 cr`e (Kjfk`rtk, 480>).

Qnat
Qnatkb
kb a`ns
a`ns`rn` `f
`rn` `f`l
`l`m
`m sn
sndu
du`m
`m dn
dnjt
jtuo
uo enl`
enl`mk
mkro
ro`j
`j `j
`j`o
`o fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j

enl`ou
enl`ouo`j
o`j sndu`m
sndu`m krks`j
krks`j pnednf
pnednf`m`
`m`j
j y`jc
y`jc enjned
enjnedus
us `dfbe
`dfbenj
nj

0
 

snbr`jc kdu f`j utnrus ujtuo enjcnlu`ro`j s`tu d`yk `t`u lndkm. A`r`

kjk dk`s`jy` fkl`ouo`j ontko` onl`mkr`j enl`luk v`ckj` `o`j enjc`r`m

 p`f` obeplko`sk-obeplko`sk onjf`tk a`r` kjk sne`okj ueue snd`c`k

 pnjcc`jtk onl`mkr`j jbre`l (Ekt`y`jk, 4801).

Qnat
Qnatkb
kb a`
a`ns
ns`r
`rn`
n` enr
enrup
up`o`
`o`j
j su`tu
su`tu pnrs`l
pnrs`lkj`
kj`j
j du
du`t`j
`t`j,, y`ktu
y`ktu i`jkj
i`jkj

fkl`mkro`j enl`luk kjsksk p`f` fkjfkjc pnrut f`j fkjfkjc r`mke fnjc`j

sy`r`t r`mke f`l`e on`f``j utum snrt` dbdbt i`jkj fk`t`s >88 cr`e

(Qblnm`tk, 480>).

F`rk dndnr`p` pnjcnrtk`j tnjt`jc Qnatkb a`ns`rn` fk`t`s f`p`t fk`edkl

onskepul`j d`mw` Qnatkb a`ns`rn` `f`l`m su`tu tkjf`o`j pnednf`m`j

y`jc
y`jc tuiu`j
tuiu`jjy`
jy` ujtuo
ujtuo enjcnl
enjcnlu`r
u`ro`j
o`j i`jkj
i`jkj fkf`l`
fkf`l`e
e r`mke
r`mke enl`lu
enl`lukk

kjsksk p`f` fkjfkjc f`j r`mke pnrut kdu fnjc`j sy`r`t r`mke m`rus

f`l`e on`f``j utum f`j dbdbt i`jkj fk`t`s >88 cr`e.

Enjurut Quobw`tk p`f` t`muj 4808, tkjf`o`j bpnr`sk snatkb a`ns`rn`

fkl`
fkl`ou
ouo`
o`j
j ujtu
ujtuo
o enja
enjanc
nc`m
`m on
one`
e`tk
tk`j
`j i`
i`jk
jkj
j e`up
e`upuj
uj kd
kdu
u y`
y`jc
jc

fko`rnj`o`j d`m`y` `t`u obeplko`sk y`jc `o`j tnri`fk `p`dkl` kdu

enl`mkro`j sna`r` pnrv`ckj`e (Quobw`tk nt `l, 4808).

 

4. Ntkblbck

Enjurut @ekj & M`rfk (4801) bpnr`sk Qnatkb a`ns`rn` fkl`ouo`j `t`s

kjfko`sk snd`c`k dnrkout 9

`. Kj
Kjfk
fko`
o`sk
sk y`j
y`jc
c dnr`
dnr`s`l
s`l f`r
f`rkk kdu
kdu

0) Gn
Gnt`
t`ll fkst
fkstrn
rnss
ss// c`w`
c`w`tt i`
i`jk
jkj,
j, e`l
e`l pn
pnrs
rsnj
njt`
t`sk
sk f`
f`j
j e`l
e`l pb
pbsk
sksk
sk

onfufuo`j i`jkj snpnrtk d`yk y`jc tnrl`lu dns`r ( ck`jt d`dy),

d`dy),

onl`kj`j
onl`kj`j lnt`o d`yk snpnrtk
snpnrtk sujcs`jc
sujcs`jc f`j lkjt`jc,
lkjt`jc, onl`kj`j t`lk

 pus`t fnjc`j pneduo``j onakl snpnrtk prbl`psus t`lk pus`t,

tnrlklkt
tnrlklkt t`lk pus`t, `f`puj g`otbr pl`snjt` y`ktu pl`snjt`
y`ktu  pl`snjt` prnvk`,

 sblutkb pl`snjt` pl`snjt` `aarnt`, f`j v`s` prnvk`.

prnvk` . Onc`c`l`j
 pnrs`lkj`j
 pnrs`lkj`j v`oue `t`u gbrsnps nostr`osk, f`j d`yk oned`

(eultkpln prncj`jay).
prncj`jay).

4) Kjfko`
Kjfko`sk
sk y`jc
y`jc dnr`s`l
dnr`s`l f`rk
f`rk i`jkj
i`jkj

Gnt`
Gnt`ll fkstr
fkstrnss
nss// c`
c`w`
w`tt i`
i`jk
jkj,
j, e`l
e`l pn
pnrsn
rsnjt
jt`s
`skk f`
f`j
j e`l
e`l pb
pbsk
sksk
sk

onfufuo`j i`jkj snpnrtk d`yk y`jc tnrl`lu dns`r ( ck`jt d`dy),

d`dy),

onl`kj`j
onl`kj`j lnt`o d`yk snpnrtk
snpnrtk sujcs`jc
sujcs`jc f`j lkjt`jc,
lkjt`jc, onl`kj`j t`lk

 pus`t fnjc`j pneduo``j onakl snpnrtk prbl`psus t`lk pus`t,

tnrlklkt
tnrlklkt t`lk pus`t, `f`puj g`otbr pl`snjt` y`ktu pl`snjt`
y`ktu  pl`snjt` prnvk`,

 sblutkb pl`snjt` pl`snjt` `aarnt`, f`j v`s` prnvk` onc`c`l`j

prnvk` onc`c`l`j

 pnrs`lkj`j
 pnrs`lkj`j v`oue `t`u gbrsnps nostr`osk, f`j d`yk oned`r 

(eultkpln prncj`jay).
prncj`jay).
 

Enjurut
Enjurut Bxbe p`f` t`muj 4808, kjfko`sk snatkb a`ns`rn`
a`ns`rn` tnrd`ck
tnrd`ck

enji`fk 9

0) X`jccu
X`jccull snepkt
snepkt f`j fystbak`
fystbak` eno`jks?
eno`jks? Fksprbpb
Fksprbpbrsk
rsk gntbpnlk
gntbpnlko,
o,

 p`jccul snepkt `t`u iuel`m i`jkj tnrl`ep`u dns`r, e`lpbsksk

f`j e`lprnsnjt`s
e`lprnsnjt`sk,
k, fksgujcsk
fksgujcsk utnrus,
utnrus, fystbak`
fystbak` i`rkjc`j
i`rkjc`j luj`o,
luj`o,

jnbpl`se` f`j pnrs`lkj`j tkf`o e`iu.

4) Xne
Xnednf
dnf`m
`m`j
`j sn
snd
dnlue
nluejy
jy`` p`f
`f`` utn
tnru
rus?
s? sn
snat
atkb
kb a`ns
a`ns`r
`rn`
n`,,

mkstnr
mkstnrnot
notbek
bek,, ekbeno
ekbenotbe
tbekk nostnj
nostnjskg
skg f`j i`mkt`
i`mkt`j
j luo`
luo` p`f`
p`f`

snd`ck`j o`sus fnjc`j i`mkt`j anrvka`l `t`u pnrd`ko`j bstkue

anrvkaks y`jc kjobepntnj fkonri`o`j snatkb a`ns`rn`.

1) Xnrf
Xnrf`r`
`r`m`
m`j
j y`
y`jc
jc fksnd
fksnd`d
`do`
o`j
j pl
pl`sn
`snjt
jt`` pr
prnv
nvk`
k` `t
`t`u
`u `d
`dru
rupt
ptkb
kb

 p`snjt`.

6) Vbxnek
Vbxnek`` cr`vkf
cr`vkf`ru
`rue,
e, y`jc enja`ou
enja`oup
p prnnol
prnnol`esk
`esk f`j nol`esk,
nol`esk,

mkpnrtnjsk nsnjsk`l f`j jnpmrktks orbjks.

>) Kjfko`
Kjfko`sk
sk gnt`l
gnt`l y`jc
y`jc enlkpu
enlkputk
tk c`w`t
c`w`t i`jkj
i`jkj,, a`a`t,
a`a`t, kjsu
kjsugksk
gksknjs
njskk

 pl`snjt`, prbl`psns gujkaulus uedklka`lks, fk`dntns e`tnrj`l,

kjobep
kjobep`tk
`tkdkl
dklkt`s
kt`s rmnsus
rmnsus,, pbst
pbst ebtnre
ebtnre a`ns`rn
a`ns`rn`j
`j f`j kjgnosk
kjgnosk

vkrus mnrpns p`f` tr`otus cnjkt`lks

1. Ol`skgk
gko
o`sk

Dnjtuo pnednf`m`j Qnatkb a`ns`rn` enjurut E`ju`d` 4804, enlkputk

`. Qnatkb a`ns`rn` Ol`sko 

 

>

Qn
Qnatk
atkb
b a`
a`ns`
ns`rn`
rn` Ol`
Ol`sko
sko fkdu`t
fkdu`t vnrtko
vnrtko`l
`l p`f`
p`f` d`ck`j
d`ck`j `t`s
`t`s r`mke.
r`mke.

Xnednf`m`j fkl`ouo`j fnjc`j s`y`t`j ene`ji`jc p`f` obrpus

utnr
utnrkk okrr
okrr`-
`-ok
okr`
r` sn
snp`
p`ji
ji`j
`jc
c 08 ae.
ae. Vk
Vkf`
f`o
o fk
fk`j
`jiu
iuro
ro`j
`j uj
ujtu
tuo 
o 

onm`
onm`ek
ekl`
l`j
j dnrk
dnrkou
outj
tjy`
y` enl`
enl`mk
mkro
ro`j
`j enl`
enl`lu
lukk v`
v`ck
ckj`
j` `p
`p`d
`dkl
kl``

sndnluejy` tnl`m fkl`ouo`j tkjf`o`j pnednf`m`j kjk.

d. Qnatkb a`ns`rn` Vr`jspnrktbjnl Xrbgujf`

Qnatkb a`ns`rn` Vr`jspnrktbjnl Xrbgujf` fksndut iuc` lbw anrvka`l 

y`ktu s`y`t`j vnrtko`l p`f` sncenj lndkm d`w`m r`mke. Q`y`t`j

 injks kjk fkl`ouo`j iko` d`ck`j d`w`m r`mke tkf`o dnroned`jc `t`u

tkf`
tkf`o
o au
auou
oup
p tkpk
tkpkss ujtu
ujtuo
o eneu
eneujc
jcok
okjo
jo`j
`j fk
fkdu
du`t
`tjy
jy`` s`
s`y`
y`t`
t`j
j

tr`jsvnrs`l. Qnd`ck`j s`y`t`j vnrtko`l fkl`ouo`j s`ep`k on btbt-

btbt d`w`m r`mke.

a. Qnatkb a`ns`rn` Mkstnrnotbek

Qnatkb
Qnatkb a`ns`rn
a`ns`rn`
` Mkstnr
Mkstnrnotb
notbek
ek `f`l`m su`tu pnednf`m`j
pnednf`m`j fke`j`

sn
sntn
tnl`
l`m
m i`jk
i`jkj
j fkl`
fkl`mk
mkro
ro`j
`j fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j Qna
Qnatkb
tkb a`ns`rn
a`ns`rn`
`, fkl`ji
fkl`jiuto
uto`j
`j

fnjc`j pnc`jco`t`j r`mke.

f. Qnatkb a`ns`rn` Nostr`pnrktbjn`l

Qnatkb a`ns`rn` Nostr`pnrktbjn`

Nostr`pnrktbjn`l,
l, y`
y`kt
ktu
u Qna
Qnatkb
tkb a`ns`r
a`ns`rn`
n`  dnrul`jc

 p`f` snbr`jc p`sknj y`jc sndnluejy` enl`ouo`j Qnatkb a`ns`rn`.

a`ns`rn`.

Dk`s`jy` fkl`ouo`j fk `t`s dno`s s`y`t`j y`jc l`e`. Vkjf`o`j kjk

fkl`ou
fkl`ouo`j
o`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j kjsksk
kjsksk fkjfkj
fkjfkjc
c f`j g`ks`
g`ks` `dfben
`dfbenj
j snenjt
snenjt`r`
`r`

 pnrktbjnue fkpbtbjc on `r`m onp`l` ujtuo ene`p`ro`j sncenj

 d`w`m utnrus snmkjcc` utnrus f`p`t fkduo` sna`r`

 

nostr`pnrktbjnue.

6. X`tmw`y

0. Vk
Vkjf
jf`o
`o`j
`j Qn
Qnat
atkb
kb

@f`pt`sk Kjsksk

Xbst X`rtue

Tnskob Luo`
Xskoblbcks Gkskblbcks
Kjvnosk

1. V`ok 4. Jy

L`ot`sk Kjvblusk
jc nrk

Kj,

Vnojko  Xnlnp`s`j

Xnrud`m`j C`jccu`j Ebdklkt`s

enjyusuk, Fnskful`

Xnr`j Gksko 
 pbsksk,

 pnrlno`t`j Objtr`osk

^tnrus

Vnrf`p`t Lbamn`
Enjyusuk Enjyusuk

Ngnotkg  Vkf`o Ngnotkg 

Quednr 9 Jur`rkg & M`rfmk (480>)

 

>. Obeplko`sk

Enju
Enjuru
rutt Iktbw
Iktbwky
kybj
bjb
b & Orkst
Orkstky
ky`j
`j`s`
`s`rk
rk (4
(480
804)
4) ob
obep
eplk
lko`
o`sk
sk Qnatkb

a`ns`rn` `f`l`m snd`c`k dnrkout 9

`. Kj
Kjgn
gnos
oskk Xn
Xnur
urpn
pnr`
r`ll

Obeplk
Obeplko`sk
o`sk kjk dnrskg`
dnrskg`tt rkjc`j
rkjc`j,, snpnrtk
snpnrtk onj`ko
onj`ko`j
`j sumu
sumu snl`e`
snl`e`

 dndnr`p` m`rk f`l`e e`s` jkg`s, dnrskg`t dnr`t snpnrtk  pnrktbjktks,

 snpsks f`j snd`c`kjy`.

 d. Xnrf`r`m`j

Xnrf`r`m`j d`jy`o dks` tkedul p`f` w`otu pnednf`m`j iko`

a`d`jc
a`d`jc-a`d
-a`d`jc
`jc `rtnrk kout tnrduo
tnrduo`.
`. F`r`m
F`r`m y`jc
y`jc mkl`jc
mkl`jc lnw`t
lnw`t

 pnednf`m`j Qnat
Qnatkb
kb a`ns
a`ns`r
`rn`
n` fu` o`lk lkp`t
lkp`t fkd`jf
fkd`jfkjc
kjc lnw`t
lnw`t

 pnrs`lkj`j jbre`l.

a. Qu`t
Qu`tu
u obep
obeplk
lko`
o`sk
sk y`jc
y`jc d`
d`ru
ru on
oneu
eufk
fk`j
`j t`
t`ep
ep`o
`o k`
k`l`
l`m
m ou
our`
r`jc
jc

ou`tjy
ou`tjy`` p`rut
p`rut p`f`
p`f` fkjfkj
fkjfkjc
c utnrus,
utnrus, snmkjc
snmkjcc`
c` p`f`
p`f` onm`ek
onm`ekl`j
l`j

 dnrkoutjy` dks` tnri`fk ruptur utnrk. Oneujcokj`j pnrkstkw` kjk

lndkm d`jy`o fktneuo`j snsuf`m Qnatkb a`ns`rn` Ol`sko 

Xnr
nrs`
s`lk
lkj
j`j Qnatk
atkb a`ns`rn`  iuc` f`p`t enjkedulo`j e`s`l`m

onpn
onpnr`
r`w`
w`t`
t`j
j p`f`
p`f` kdu
kdu fk`j
fk`jt`
t`r`
r`jy
jy`` jy
jynr
nrkk dn
dno`
o`ss lu
luo`
o` bp
bpnr
nr`s
`sk,
k,

onlne`
onlne`m`j
m`j,, onrus`
onrus`o`j
o`j kjtncr
kjtncrkt`s
kt`s oulkt,
oulkt, m`ed`t
m`ed`t`j
`j ebdklk
ebdklkt`s
t`s gksko,
gksko,

rnskob kjgnosk, c`jccu`j pbl` tkfur.

 

7. Xn
Xnj`
j`t`
t`l`
l`os
os`j
`j``
``j
j

`. Xn
Xned
ednr
nrk`
k`j
j a`kr
a`kr`j
`j

O`rnj
O`rnj`` 46 i`e
i`e pn
pnrt`
rt`e`
e` pn
pnjf
jfnr
nrkt
kt`` pu
pu`s`
`s` p`
p`sa
sa`` bp
bpnr
nr`sk
`sk,, e`o`
e`o`

 pnednrk`j a`kr`j pnr kjt`vnj` m`rus auoup d`jy`o f`j

enjc`jfujc nlnotrblkt `c`r tkf`o tnri`fk mkpbtnrek, fnmkfr`sk, `t`u

obeplko`sk p`f` brc`j tudum l`kjjy`. A`kr`j y`jc dk`s` fkdnrko`j

 dk`s`jy` FQ 08%, c`r`e gkskblbck f`j TL sna`r` dnrc`jtk`j f`j

 iuel`m tntns`j tnrc`jtujc ondutum`j. Dkl` o`f`r Md rnjf`m

fkdnrko`j tr`jsgusk f`r`m snsu`k ondutum`j.

 d. Fknt

Xnednrk`j a`kr`j pnr kjgus dk`s`jy` fkmnjtko`j sntnl`m pnjfnrkt`

gl`tus l`lu fkeul`kl`m

fkeul`kl`m pnednrk`j
pnednrk`j ekjue`j
ekjue`j f`j e`o`j`j pnr br`l.

Xnednr
Xnednrk`j
k`j ekjue`
ekjue`j
j fnjc`j
fnjc`j iuel`m
iuel`m y`jc
y`jc snfkok
snfkoktt suf`m
suf`m dblnm
dblnm

fkl`ouo`j p`f` 7 s`ep`k = i`e p`sa` bpnr`sk, dnrup` `kr putkm f`j

`kr tnm.

a. Ebdklks`sk

Ebdklks`sk fkl`ouo`j sna`r` dnrt`m`p enlkputk 9 Ekrkjc o`j`j f`j

okrk f`p`t fkeul`k sni`o 7 s`ep`k 08 i`e sntnl`m bpnr`sk, L`tkm`j

 pnrj`g`s`j f`p`t fkl`ouo`j pnjfnrkt` s`edkl

s `edkl tkfur tnlnjt`jc snfkjk

eujcokj sntnl`m s`f`r, M`rk onfu` pbst bpnr`sk, pnjfnrkt` f`p`t

fkfufuoo`j snl`e` > enjkt f`j fkekjt` ujtuo dnrj`g`s f`l`e l`lu

enjc
enjcmn
mned
edus
uso`
o`jj
jjy`
y`,, Oneu
Oneufk
fk`j
`j pb
pbsks
skskk tkfu
tkfurr tn
tnln
lnjt
jt`j
`jc
c f`
f`p`
p`tt

fkud`m enji`fk pbsksk sntnjc`m fufuo (snekgbwlnr), Qnl`jiutjy`

 

snl`e` dnrturut-turut,
dnrturut-turut, m`rk fnek m`rk, p`sknj fk`jiuro`j
fk`jiuro`j dnl`i`r 
dnl`i`r 

fufuo
fufuo snl`e`
snl`e` snm`rk,
snm`rk, dnl`i`
dnl`i`rr dnri`l
dnri`l`j,
`j, f`j oneufk
oneufk`j
`j dnri`l
dnri`l`j
`j

snjfkrk p`f` m`rk on-1 s`ep`k m`rk on-> p`sa` bpnr`sk.

f. O`tn
O`tntn
tnrk
rks`
s`sk
sk

O`jfuj
O`jfujc
c onekm
onekm y`jc
y`jc pnjum
pnjum enjked
enjkedulo
ulo`j
`j r`s` jy
jynrk
nrk f`j r`s`

tkf`
tkf`o
o nj
nj`o
`o p`
p`f`
f` pn
pnjf
jfnrk
nrkt`
t`,, enjc
enjcm`
m`l`j
l`jck
ck kj
kjvb
vblu
lusk
sk ut
utnru
nruss f`
f`j
j

enjynd
enjynd`do
`do`j
`j pnrf`r
pnrf`r`m`
`m`j.
j. O`tntn
O`tntnrr dk`s`j
dk`s`jy`
y` tnrp`s`
tnrp`s`jc
jc 46 - 6=

 i`e / lndkm l`e` l`ck tnrc`jtujc injks bpnr`sk f`j on`f``j

 pnjfnrkt`.

n. Xned
Xnednr
nrk`j
k`j bd
bd`t-
`t-bd
bd`t`
`t`j
j

@jtk
@jtkdk
dkbt
btko
ko a`
a`r`
r` pn
pnek
eklk
lkm`j
m`j f`
f`j
j pn
pned
ednrk
nrk`j
`j `j
`jtk
tkdk
dkbt
btko
ko s`jc`
s`jc`tt

 dnrdnf`-dnf` snsu`k kjfko`sk. @j`lcntko f`j bd`t ujtuo 

enep
enepnr
nrl`j
l`ja`
a`rr on
onri
ri`` s`lur
s`lur`j
`j pn
pnja
janrj
nrj``
``j
j Bd`t
Bd`t y`
y`jc
jc f`
f`p`
p`tt fk

 dnrko`j enl`luk supbsktbrk` bd`t y`jc fkdnrko`j ontbprbpnj sup

4x/46 i`e, enl`luk br`jc bd`t y`jc f`p`t 06 fkdnrko`j tr`e`fbl

`t`u p`r`ant`ebl tk`p 7 i`e, enl`luk kjinosk r`jktkfkj ;8-3> ec

fkdnrko`j sntk`p 7 i`e dkl` pnrlu.

g. Bd`t
Bd`t-b
-bd`
d`t`
t`j
j l`k
l`kj
j

^jtuo enjkjco`to`j vkt`lkt`s f`j on`f``j ueue pnjfnrkt` f`p`t

fkdnrko`j a`dbr`jsk` snpnrtk jnurbdk`j K vkt A.

c. Xn
Xnr`
r`w`
w`t`
t`j
j lu
luo`
o`

Objfksk d`lut`j luo` fklkm`t p`f` 0 m`rk pbst bpnr`sk, dkl` d`s`m

f`j dnrf`r`m m`rus fkduo` f`j fkc`jtk.

 

08

m. Xn
Xnen
enrk
rkos
os``
``j
j rutk
rutkj
j

M`l-m`l y`jc m`rus fkpnr

fkpnrm`tko
m`tko`j
`j f`l`e pnenrkos``j
pnenrkos``j `f`l`m sumu,

tno`j`j f`r`m, j`fk,f`j pnrj`g`s`j.

k. Xnr`w`t
Xnr`w`t`j
`j X`yuf`
X`yuf`r`
r` Xnednr
Xnednrk`j
k`j @QK
@QK f`p`t
f`p`t fkeul
fkeul`k
`k p`f`
p`f` m`rk pbst
pbst

bp
bpnr`
nr`sk
sk iko`
iko` kd
kdu
u eneu
eneutu
tuso
so`j
`j tkf`
tkf`o
o enjy
enjyus
usuk
uk,, pn
pne`
e`s`j
s`jc`
c`j
j

 pned`lut p`yuf`r` y`jc enjcnja`jco`j p`yuf`r` t`jp` d`jy`o 

enjkedulo`j obepnsk, dk`s`jy` enjcur`jck r`s` jynrk.

D. OBJQNX F@Q@T
F@Q@T ONV^D@J
ONV^D@J XNA@M FKJK (OXF)
(OXF)

0. Fngkjksk

Ontud`j pna`m fkjk `f`l`m pna`mjy` ontud`j sndnlue `f` t`jf`-t`jf`

 pnrs`lkj`j (Qbgk`j, 4804). Ontud`j pna`m fkjk enrup`o`j pna`mjy`

ontud`
ontud`j
j sndnlu
sndnlue
e w`otuj
w`otujy`
y` enl`mk
enl`mkro`
ro`j
j y`jc
y`jc f`p`t
f`p`t tnri`fk
tnri`fk p`f`
p`f` `omkr 
`omkr 

on
onm`
m`ek
ekl`j
l`j e`up
e`upuj
uj i`um
i`um sndnl
sndnlue
ue w`ot
w`otu
u enl`m
enl`mkr
kro`
o`j
j (Tuo
(Tuoky
ky`m
`m f`
f`j
j

[ulk`j
[ulk`jtk,
tk, 48
4808)
08).. Ontud`
Ontud`j
j fkjy`t
fkjy`t`o`
`o`j
j pna`m
pna`m fkjk
fkjk dkl`
dkl` tnri`f
tnri`fkk p`f`
p`f` s``t
s``t

sndnlue pnrs`lkj`j dnrl`jcsujc (Q`kguffkj, foo. 488;).

Ontud`j pna`m fkjk `tnre f`p`t tnri`fk p`f` `t`u sntnl`m usk` cnst`sk 13

ekjccu. Iko` tnri`fk sndnlue usk` cnst`sk 13 ekjccu fksndut OXF prntnre

`t`u prntnre prne`turn rupturn enedr`jns (XXTBE) (XBCK 4807).

 

00

4. Ntkblbck

Xnjynd`d f`rk ontud`j pna`m fkjk tkf`o `t`u e`skm dnlue inl`s (Qbgk`j,

4800). Enjinl`jc usk` onm`ekl`j auoup dul`j, tnri`fk onl`e`m`j p`f`

snl`put
snl`put i`jkj
i`jkj y`jc
y`jc enekau
enekau rbdno`
rbdno`j.
j. Qnl`kj
Qnl`kj ktu m`l-m`
m`l-m`ll y`jc
y`jc dnrskg`
dnrskg`tt

 p`tblbcks snpnrtk pnrf`r`m`j f`j kjgnosk iuc` f`p`t enjynd`do`j

tnri`fkjy` OXF (Tuoky`m f`j [ulk`jtk, 4804).

Xnjynd`d tnri`fkjy` Ontud`j Xna`m Fkjk fk`jt`r`jy` o`rnj` tr`ue` p`f`

 pnrut kdu, onl`kj`j = lnt`o i`jkj f`l`e r`mke, `t`u p`f` onm`ekl`j cr`jfn

eult
eultkp
kp`r`
`r` (E`j
(E`ju`
u`d`
d`,, 48
480>
0>).
). Ontu
Ontud`
d`j
j Xn
Xna`m
a`m Fkjk
Fkjk fk
fksnd
snd`d
`do`
o`j
j bl
blnm
nm

 dnrour`jcjy` onou`t`j enedr`j o`rnj` su`tu kjgnosk y`jc f`p`t dnr`s`l

f`rk v`ckj` f`j snrvkos

snrvkos `t`u enjkjco`tjy`
enjkjco`tjy` tno`j`j kjtr`utnrkjn
kjtr`utnrkjn `t`u blnm

onfu` g`otbr tnrsndut (Q`kguffk, foo. 480>).

1. Eno`jksen
sen

Qnl`put ontud`j pna`m o`rnj` p`f` f`nr`m tnrtnjtu enjc`l`ek pnrud`m`j

 dkbokek` y`jc enjynd`do`j snl`put ontud`j enjc`l`ek onlne`m`j.

Xnrud`m`j
Xnrud`m`j struotur, iuel`m snl f`j o`t`dblksen
o`t`dblksen obl`cnj
obl`cnj enjynd`do
enjynd`do`j
`j

`o
`otk
tkvk
vkt`s
t`s ob
obl`c
l`cnj
nj dn
dnru
rud`
d`m
m f`
f`j
j enjy
enjynd
nd`d
`do`
o`j
j snl`p
snl`put
ut on
ontu
tud`
d`j
j pn
pna`
a`m
m

(Jnc`r`, foo. 4803).

 

04

Qnl`put ontud`j s`jc`t ou`t p`f` `w`l trkenstnr onm`ekl`j. @o`j tnt`pk fk

trke
trkenst
nstnr
nr on
ontk
tkc`
c` sn
snl`
l`pu
putt on
ontu
tud`
d`j
j euf`
euf`m
m pn
pna`
a`m
m o`
o`rn
rnj`
j` enlne
enlne`m
`mjy
jy``

onou`t`j snl`put ontud`j y`jc dnrmudujc`j fnjc`j pnedns`r`j utnrus,

ob
objt
jtr`o
r`osk
sk r`
r`mk
mke
e sn
snrt`
rt` cn
cnr`o
r`o`j
`j i`jkj
i`jkj.. X`
X`f`
f` trke
trkenst
nstnr
nr `o
`omk
mkrr kj
kjkk tn
tnri
ri`f
`fkk

 pnrud`m`j dkbokek` p`f` snl`put ontud`j. Iko` ontud`j pna`m p`f`

onm`ekl`j `tnre `f`l`m m`l gkskblbcks. J`euj, iko` tnri`fk p`f` onm`ekl`j

 prne`turn f`p`t fksnd`do`j blnm g`otbr nostnrj`l, eks`ljy` kjgnosk y`jc

enj
enji`l`
i`l`rr f`r
`rkk v`ckj
`ckj`.
`. OXF
OXF p`
p`f
f` prn
rne
e`t
`tur
urnn sn
snrk
rkjc
jc tn
tnri
ri`f
`fkk p`f
`f``

 pblkmkfr`ejkbj, kjobepntnj snrvkos f`j sbluskb pl`snjt` (Xr`wkrbm`rfib,

4806)

Vnrf`p`t dndnr`p` g`otbr y`jc dnrpnr`j f`l`e eno`jksen ontud`j pna`m

fkjk enjurut Jnc`r`, foo (4803), fk`jt`r`jy` 9

`. Xnr`j
Xnr`j kjgno
kjgnosk
sk p`f`
p`f` Ontud`
Ontud`j
j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkjk
Fkjk

Kjgnosk enrup`o`j pnjynd`d tnrsnrkjc p`f` pnrs`lkj`j prntnre f`j

ontud`
ontud`j
j pna`m
pna`m fkjk.
fkjk. D`otnr
D`otnrkk f`p`t
f`p`t enjynd
enjynd`r
`r on utnrus
utnrus f`j a`kr`j
a`kr`j

`ejkbj
`ejkbj enekau tnri`fkjy`
tnri`fkjy` kjgl`e`sk
kjgl`e`sk f`j enjc`okd`t
enjc`okd`to`j
o`j pnrs`lkj`j
pnrs`lkj`j

 prntnre f`j ontud`j pna`m fkjk. Enedr`j `ejkbambrkbjka enrup`o`j

tnep`t fkprbfuoskjy` kjgl`ee`tbry aytbokjn snd`c`k rnspbj tnrm`f`p

kjgnosk, blnm o`rnj` ktu kjgnosk, kjgl`e`sk dnrmudujc`j fnjc`j kjgnosk.

Vnrf
Vnrf`p
`p`t
`t dndn
dndnr`
r`p`
p` e`a`
e`a`e
e d`
d`ot
otnr
nrkk y`
y`jc
jc fk
fkmu
mudu
dujc
jco`
o`j
j fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j

 pnrs`lkj`j prntnre f`j ontud`j pna`m fkjk fk`jt`r`jy` Aml`eyfk`,

 

01

Eyabpl`se`
Eyabpl`se` mbejks,
mbejks, Nsamnrkamk`
Nsamnrkamk` ablk, Olndsknll` pjnuebjk`n,
pjnuebjk`n, f`j

Mnep
Mnepbm
bmkl
klus
us v`
v`ck
ckj`
j`lk
lks.
s. Ekor
Ekorbb
bbrc
rc`j
`jks
ksen
en f`
f`p`
p`tt enjy
enjynd
nd`r
`r sna`r`
sna`r`

`sanjf
`sanjfkjc
kjc f`rk
f`rk v`ckj`
v`ckj` f`j snrvkos
snrvkos,, pnjynd
pnjynd`r`j
`r`j sna`r`
sna`r` mne`tb
mne`tbcnj
cnj

enl`lu
enl`lukk pl`snj
pl`snjt`,
t`, snrt`
snrt` p`p`r`j
p`p`r`j sna`r`
sna`r` tkf`o
tkf`o snjc`i`
snjc`i` s``t fkl`ou
fkl`ouo`j
o`j

bpnr`sk
bpnr`sk/tk
/tkjf`
jf`o`j
o`j.. X`f`
X`f` v`ckj`
v`ckj` kdu m`ekl
m`ekl tnrf`p
tnrf`p`t
`t dnrd`c
dnrd`c`k
`k e`a`e
e`a`e

ekorbb
ekorbbrc`
rc`jks
jksen
en dnrup`
dnrup` p`tmbc
p`tmbcnj
nj e`upuj
e`upuj glbr`
glbr` jbre`l
jbre`l fk v`ckj`
v`ckj`..

Ekorbbrc`jk
Ekorbbrc`jksen
sen p`tmbcnj
p`tmbcnj p`f` v`ckj` f`p`t enjynd`do`j
enjynd`do`j kjgnosk
kjgnosk

e`upuj e`s`l`m enfks l`kjjy`. Dndnr`p` brc`jksen p`f` v`ckj` y`jc

f`p`t enjynd`do
enjynd`do`j
`j kjgnosk
kjgnosk jnbj`t`l
jnbj`t`l `f`l`m Cbjbrrmbn
Cbjbrrmbn,, Vr`ambe`tks
Vr`ambe`tks,,

08 Crbup D Qtrptbabaus, N.ablk y`jc enjynd`do`j tnri`fk snptkanek`

f`j one`tk`j.

 d. Xnr`j jutrksk p`f` Ontud`j Xna`m Fkjk G`otbr jutrksk snpnrtk

on
onou
our`
r`jc
jc`j
`j ckzk
ckzk enru
enrup`
p`o`
o`j
j s`l`m
s`l`m s`
s`tu
tu g`
g`ot
otbr
br pr
prnf
nfks
kspb
pbsks
skskk uj
ujtu
tuo 
o 

tnri`fk
tnri`fkjy`
jy` c`jccu
c`jccu`j
`j struotu
struoturr obl`cn
obl`cnj
j y`jc
y`jc enjkjc
enjkjco`t
o`to`j
o`j rnskob
rnskob

 pna`mjy` snl`put ontud`j. Wkt`ekj A enup`o`j obg`otbr 

 pnednjtuo`j obl`cnj. Fngksknjsk vkt`ekj A enjynd`do`j struotur 

obl`cnj
obl`cnj tkf`o snepurj`.
snepurj`. Qnl`put
Qnl`put ontud`j
ontud`j enepujy`k
enepujy`k nl`stkskt`s y`jc

 dnrdnf` tnrc`jtujc o`f`r vkt`ekj A fk f`l`e f`r`m kdu. Our`jcjy`

`sup`j
`sup`j vkt`ek
vkt`ekj
j A snl`e`
snl`e` onm`ek
onm`ekl`j
l`j enrup`
enrup`o`j
o`j s`l`m
s`l`m s`tu g`otbr 
g`otbr 

rnskob tnri`fkjy` ontud`j pna`m fkjk. Xnednrkj vkt`ekj A 088 ec pnr 

m`rk sntnl`m ueur onm`ekl`j 48 ekjccu ngnotkg enjurujo`j kjskfnj

tnri`fkjy` Ontud`j Xna`m Fkjk.

a. Xnr`j
Xnr`j mbreb
mbrebj
j rnl`os
rnl`oskj
kj p`f`
p`f` Ontud
Ontud`j
`j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkjk
Fkjk
 

06

Tnl`oskj `f`l`m mbrebjn pnptkfn obl`cnjblktko y`jc fkprbfuosk blnm

obrpus lutnue f`j pl`snjt` snl`e` onm`ekl`j snd`c`k rnspbj tnrm`f`p

r`jcs`jc`j blnm mue`j cbj`fbtrbpkj (mAC). Onj`ko`j o`f`r mbrebj

rnl`oskj fk f`l`e pl`snjt` dnrnskob enjc`l`ek pnrs`lkj`j prne`turn

`t`u XXTBE.

f. Xnr`j
Xnr`j eno`j
eno`jko
ko p`f`
p`f` Ontu
Ontud`j
d`j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkjk
Fkjk

Xnrnc`jc`j sna`r` eno`jks snpnrtk pblkmkfr`ejkbj, onm`ekl`j c`jf`

f`j dnr`t d`f`j d`yk dns`r `o`j enjynd`do`j

enjynd`do`j rnc`jc`j
rnc`jc`j p`f` snl`put

on
ontu
tud`
d`j.
j. Fk
Fkst
stnj
njsk
sk utnru
utnruss y`
y`jc
jc dn
dnrl
rlnd
ndkm
km`j
`j iu
iuc`
c` enjc
enjc`o
`okd
kd`t
`to`
o`j
j

enjk
enjkjc
jco`
o`tj
tjy`
y` tno`
tno`j`
j`j
j kjtr
kjtr`y
`ytn
tnrk
rkjn
jn sn
snmk
mkjc
jcc`
c` enjc
enjc`o
`okd
kd`t
`to`
o`j
j

enjlne`mjy` snl`put enedr`jn ontud`j.

n. Xnr`j
Xnr`j TBQ
TBQ p`f`
p`f` Ontu
Ontud`j
d`j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkjk
Fkjk

Tn`atkvn bxycnj spnakns (TBQ) enrup`o`j eblnoul tkf`o st`dkl y`jc

fkprbfuosk f`l`e tudum, y`jc snf`jc fkpnrtked`jco`j dnrt`jccujc

 i`w`d `t`s onrus`o`j o`jtujc ambrkb`ejkbtka y`jc `omkrjy` `o`j

enjynd
enjynd`do
`do`j
`j ruptur
rupturn.
n. Jbre`l
Jbre`ljy`
jy` tnrf`p`
tnrf`p`tt onsnked
onsnked`jc
`jc`j
`j `jt`r`
`jt`r`

 prbfuosk f`j nlnekj`sk TBQ. Kdu pnrbobo, kjgnosk, pnrf`r`m`j

`jtnp`rtue fkont`muk dks` eneprbfuosk TBQ y`jc `o`j enjynd`do`j

obl`cnjblksks f`rk enedr`j i`jkj.

g. Xnr`j
Xnr`j `pbpt
`pbptbsk
bskss p`f`
p`f` Ont
Ontud`
ud`j
j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkjk
Fkjk

Xna`mjy` snl`put ontud`j tkf`o m`jy` dnro`kt`j fnjc`j g`otbr eno`jks

f`j okek`. J`euj `f`jy` prbsns one`tk`j snl tnrprbcr`e (`pbptbsks)

f`rk snl-snl y`jc tnrf`p`t p`f` snl`put ontud`j iuc` dnrpnr`j snrt`
 

0>

fkf`l`ejy`. Qnl`put ontud`j f`rk kdu m`ekl fnjc`j ontud`j pna`m fkjk

enjujiuo`j kjfnos `pbptbsks y`jc tkjcck. Xrbsns `pbptbsks dnrpbtnjsk

enlne`mo`j snl`put ontud`j fnjc`j enjcnlkekj`sk snl gkdrbdl`s y`jc

 dnrgujcsk enjyusuj obl`cnj d`ru f`j sna`r` sna`r` skeult`j

enjco`tkv`sk njzke y`jc enjcur`k obl`cnj y`jc `f`.

 

07

>. V`jf
V`jf`` f`j
f`j cn
cni`l
i`l`` OXF
OXF

Onlu`rjy` a`kr`j ontud`j y`jc enrnedns enl`luk v`ckj`, dnrd`u e`jks,

tkf`o snpnrtk d`u `ebjk`o fnjc`j akrk pua`t f`j dnrc`rks w`rj` f`r`m
enrup`o`j t`jf` OXF (Tuoky`m f`j [ulk`jtk, 4808). D`u a`kr`j ontud`j

s`jc`t
s`jc`tl`m
l`m om`s
om`s (Xr`wk
(Xr`wkrbm
rbm`rf
`rfib,
ib, 4808).
4808). V`jf`
V`jf` cni`l`
cni`l` l`k
l`kjjy
jjy`` dnrup`
dnrup`

onlu
onlu`r
`rj
jy` `kr
`kr ontu
ntud`j dnrw
dnrw`r
`rj
j` put
utkm
km onr
nru
um, in
inrj
rjkm
km,, ou
oujk
jkj
jc,

mki`u/onabol`t`j snfkokt-fkokt e`upuj sno`lkcus d`jy`o. Oneufk`j f`p`t

fksnrt`k fne`e dkl` suf`m `f` kjgnosk, pnenrkos``j f`l`e (WV) snl`put

ontud`j tkf`o `f` `t`u `kr ontud`j onrkjc.

7. Fk`c
Fk`cj
jbs` OXF
OXF

Dnrf`s`ro`j `j`ejns` p`f` p`sknj enr`s`o`j d`s`m p`f` v`ckj` `t`u

enjcnlu`ro`j a`kr`j y`jc d`jy`o sna`r` tkd`-tkd` f`rk i`l`j l`mkr `t`u

“j
“jcn
cnpy
pybo
bo―.
―. A`kr
A`kr`j
`j dnrd
dnrd`u
`u om`s
om`s f`
f`j
j pn
pnrm
rm`t
`tko
ko`j
`j w`rj
w`rj`j
`jy`
y`.. X`
X`f`
f`

 pnenrkos``j f`l`e snl`put ontud`j suf`m tkf`o `f` l`ck. Xnrlu

fkpnrtked`jco`j pnenrkos``j f`l`e (WV) p`f` onm`ekl`j our`jc dul`j

y`jc dnlue f`l`e pnrs`lkj`j. Xnenrkos``j f`l`e fkl`ouo`j p`f` o`sus

OXF y`jc suf`m f`l`e pnrs`lkj`j `t`u y`jc fkl`ouo`j kjfuosk pnrs`lkj`j.

Fk`cjbs`
Fk`cjbs` iuc` f`p`t fktnc`oo`j
fktnc`oo`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j pnenrkos``j
pnenrkos``j l`dbr`tbrkue
l`dbr`tbrkue ujtuo 
ujtuo 

enjnjtuo`j
enjnjtuo`j `f` tkf`ojy`
tkf`ojy` kjgnosk.
kjgnosk. F`j iuc` pnenrkos``j
pnenrkos``j ult`sbjbcr`gk
ult`sbjbcr`gk

(^QC) ujtuo enlkm`t iuel`m a`kr`j ontud`j f`l`e o`vue utnrk.

 

03

3. Obeplk
Obeplko`s
o`skk Ontud
Ontud`j
`j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkj
Fkjkk

Obep
Obeplk
lko`
o`sk
sk p`
p`f`
f` Ontu
Ontud`
d`j
j Xna`m
Xna`m Fkjk
Fkjk f`
f`p`
p`tt enjy
enjynd
nd`d
`do`
o`j
j kj
kjgn
gnos
oskk

kjtr`p`rtue (obrkb`ejkbjktks), pnrs`lkj`j prntnre y`jc enjynd`do`j d`yk

l`mkr fnjc`j dnr`t rnjf`m, c`w`t i`jkj f`j one`tk`j i`jkj `okd`t mkpbosk`,

blkcbmkfr`ejkbj, d`mo`j snrkjc tnri`fk p`rtus onrkjc (fry l`dbr) o`rnj` `kr 

ontud`j m`dks (Tuoky`m f`j [ulk`jtk, 4808).

 

D@D KK

VKJI@^@J VNBTK ONXNT@S@V@J

@. @Q^M@J
@Q^M@J ONXNT@
ONXNT@S@V
S@V@J
@J

0. Xnjc
Xnjco`
o`ik
ik`j
`j Onpn
Onpnr`
r`w`
w`t`j
t`j

Xnjco`ik`j enrup`o`j pnekokr`j f`s`r f`rk prbsns onpnr`w`t`j y`jc

 dnrtuiu`j ujtuo enjcuepulo`j kjgbre`sk `t`u f`t` tnjt`jc p`sknj,

`c`r f`p`t enjckfnjtkgko`sk, enjcnj`lk e`s`l`m-e`s`l`m, ondutum`j

onsnm`t`j f`j onpnr`w`t`j p`sknj, d`ko gksko, enjt`l, sbak`l f`j

lkjcoujc`j (Fnre`w`j, 4804).

X`f` pnjco`ik`j olknj fnjc`j snatkb a`ns`rn`, f`t` y`jc fktneuo`j

enlkputk fkstrns i`jkj, onc`c`l`j ujtuo enl`jiuto`j pnrs`lkj`j,

e`lpbsksk
e`lpbsksk i`jkj,
i`jkj, prbl`ps
prbl`ps t`lk pus`t, `drupskb
`drupskb pl`snjt`
pl`snjt` f`j pl`snjt`

 prnvk`.

`. Kf
Kfnj
njtk
tkt`
t`ss `t`u
`t`u dkbf
dkbf`t
`t`` olknj
olknj

Enlkputk 9 j`e`, ueur, `c`e`, injks onl`ekj, `l`e`t, suou d`jcs`,

 pnonri``j, pnjfkfko`j, t`jcc`l e`suo rue`m s`okt, jbebr 

rnckstr`sk, f`j fk`cjbs` onpnr`w`t`j.

 d. Onlum`j ut`e`

0=
 

0;

Onlum`j y`jc fkr`s`o`j olknj p`f` s``t kjk fkouepulo`j ujtuo 

enjnjtuo`j prkbrkt`s kjtnrvnjsk onpnr`w`t`j, onlum`j ut`e` p`f`

 pbst bpnr`sk QA dk`s`jy` `f`l`m jynrk fkd`ck`j `dfbenj, puskjc

f`j s`okt pkjcc`jc.

a. Tkw`
Tkw`y`
y`tt onsn
onsnm`
m`t`
t`j
j

0) Tkw`y`
Tkw`y`tt onsnm`
onsnm`t`j
t`j sno`r`j
sno`r`jc
c

Tkw`y`t p`f` s``t sndnlue kjp`rtus fk f`p`to`j a`kr`j y`jc

onlu`r pnrv`ckj`j sna`r` spbjt`j oneufk`j tkf`o fk koutk

t`jf`-t`jf` pnrs`lkj`j.

4) Tkw`
Tkw`y`
y`tt onsnm
onsnm`t
`t`j
`j f`mu
f`mulu
lu

Fkf`p`to`j f`t` olknj pnrj`m rkw`y`t QA sndnluejy`, p`jccul

snepkt, snrt` lnt`o d`yk sujcs`jc. Enlkputk pnjy`okt y`jc l`kj

f`p`t iuc` enepnjc`rumk pnjy`okt sno`r`jc.

1) Tkw`y`
Tkw`y`tt onsnm
onsnm`t`
`t`j
j onlu`r
onlu`rc`
c`

@f`o`m pnjy`okt turuj`j f`l`e onlu`rc` snpnrtk i`jtujc, MV,

VDA, FE, pnjy`okt onl`ekj, `dbrtus y`jc eujcokj pnjy`okt

tnrsndut fkturujo`j onp`f` olknj.

f. Xn
Xnen
enrk
rkos
os``
``j
j Gks
Gksko 
ko 

0) T`edut
 

48

D`c`ke`j` dnjtuo onp`l`, w`rj` r`edut, ondnrskm`j r`edut,

f`j `p`o`m `f` dnjibl`j.

4) E`t`
Vnro`f`jc `f`jy` pnednjco`o`j p`f` onlbp`o e`t`,

objiujctkv`, f`j o`f`jc-o`f`jc on`f``j snl`put e`t` pua`t

(`jn
(`jne
ek`)
k`) o`r
`rnj
nj`` pr
prbs
bsns
ns pnr
pnrs`
s`lk
lkj`
j`j
j y`j
`jc
c enj
njc
c`l
`l`e
`ekk

 pnrf`r`m`j, solnr` oujkjc.

6) Vnlk
Vnlkjc
jc``

Dk`s`jy` dnjtuo tnlkjc` skentrks `t`u tkf`o, d`c`ke`j`

ondnrskm`jjy`, `f`o`m a`kr`j y`jc onlu`r f`rk tnlkjc`.

>) Mk
Mkfu
fujc
jc

@f`jy` pblkp `t`u tkf`o f`j `p`dkl` p`f` pbst p`rtue o`f`jc-

o`f`jc fktneuo`j pnrj`p`s`j aupkjc mkfujc.

7) Eulut
Eulut f`j
f`j ckc
ckckk

Eulut dnrskm / obtbr, euobs` dkdkr onrkjc/lned`d.

3) Lnm
Lnmnr 

Q``t fkp`lp`sk fktneuo`j `f` / tkf`o pnedns`r`j onlnji`r 

tkrbkf, o`rj` `f`jy` prbsns pnjnr`jc`j y`jc s`l`m.

=) X`ru
X`ru-p
-p`r
`ru
u

Onskentrks`j dnjtuo/pbstur f`f`, (cnr`o`j j`g`s, grnounjsk

kr`e`, onf`l`e`j, f`j up`y` pnrj`g`s`j), w`rj` oulkt, lnsk,

nfne`,
nfne`, pnednj
pnednjco`
co`o`j
o`j/pn
/pnjbj
jbjibl
ibl`j,
`j, o`ik
o`ik pnrcnr
pnrcnr`o`
`o`j
j f`f`,
f`f`,
 

40

e`ss` f`j lnsk jynrk, tr`atkln grnektus `p`o`m jbre`l o`j`j

f`j okrk.

;) I`
I`jt
jtuj
ujc
c
08
08)) Vnri
Vnri`f
`fkk pn
pnjk
jkjc
jco`
o`t`
t`j
j grno
grnoun
unjs
jskk j`
j`fk
fk,, kr`e`
kr`e` tkf`
tkf`o
o tn
tnr`t
r`tur
ur,,

snrt`e pnjkjco`t`j tno`j`j f`r`m.

00
00)) X`y
`yu
uf`r`
f`r`

Kjspno
Kjspnosk
sk uour`j
uour`j,, dnjtuo,
dnjtuo, w`rj` f`j onskent
onskentrks`
rks`j
j snrt`
snrt`

 p`lp`sk objskstnjsk `p`o`m `f` jynrk tno`j cuj`

enjnjtuo`j st`tus l`ot`sk.

04)
04) @dfb
@dfben
enj
j

@p`o`m onedujc, `sktns, tnrf`p`t jynrk tno`j, lbo`sk e`ss`,

lkjco`r `dfbenj, dkskjc usus, t`ep`o lkjn` jkcr`, strk`n.
Vnrf
Vnrf`p
`p`t
`t lu
luo`
o` bp
bpnr
nr`sk
`sk snatkb
snatkb a`
a`ns`
ns`rn`
rn`,, enjc
enjco`
o`ik
ik lu
luo`
o`
 i`mkt`j pbst snatkb a`ns`rn`.
01
01)) Notrn
Notrnek
ekt`
t`ss d`w`m
d`w`m
Kjspnosk
Kjspnosk uour`j,
uour`j, dnjtuo,
dnjtuo, dnjtuo
dnjtuo onskentrks`j,
onskentrks`j, nfne`, f`j

v`rksns. Qumu f`j pnednjco`o`j fkr`s`o`j fnjc`j p`lp`sk.

V`jf`-t`jf`
V`jf` -t`jf` trbedbglnd
trbedbglndktks
ktks y`ktu onenr`m`j,
onenr`m`j, p`j`s, jynrk
tno`j, dk`s`jy` tnri`fk p`f` dntks. V`jf` mbbe`j, eujaul
jynrk dntks s``t cnr`o`j fbrsbglnosk.
06)
06) Cnjn
Cnjnt`
t`lk
lk``
Enlkm`t ondnrskm`j f`rk cnjnt`lk`, `f`jy` lnsk `t`u jbful f`j
enjco`ik on`f``j lbomn`. Lbomn` y`jc dnrd`u enjujiuoo`j
t`jf`-t`jf` rnskob kjgnosk.
n. Jutrksk

Kdu y`jc enjyusuk m`rus enjcobjsuesk t`ed`m`j Kdu y`jc

 

44

enjyusuk m`rus enjcobjsuesk t`ed`m`j >88 o`lbrk tk`p m`rk ,

 pkl z`t dnsk m`rus fkekjue ujtuo enj`ed`m z`t ckzk sntkf`ojy`
68 m`rk
m`rk p`sa`
p`sa` dnrs`lk
dnrs`lkj,
j, e`o`j
e`o`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j fknt
fknt dnrked
dnrked`jc
`jc ujtuo 
ujtuo 

enjf
enjf`p
`p`t
`to`
o`j
j pr
prbt
btnk
nkj,
j, ekjn
ekjnr`
r`ll f`
f`j
j vk
vkt`
t`ek
ekj
j y`
y`jc
jc au
auou
oup
p ,
enjc
enjcbj
bjsu
sues
eskk o`
o`ps
psul
ul vkt`
vkt`ek
ekj
j @ ;4
;488
88.8
.888
88)) uj
ujkt
kt,, `c
`c`r
`r dk
dks`
s`
enednrko`j vkt`ekj @ onp`f` d`ykjy` enl`luk `skjy` (Qktk, foo 
4801). E`o`j`j dnrckzkk tnrf`p`t p`f` s`yur mki`u, l`uo p`uo 
f`j du`mm. Objsuesk s`yur mki`u snpnrtk d`y`e, s`wk, obl f`j
s`yur
s`yur mki`u
mki`u l`k
l`kjjy
jjy`` enji`f
enji`fkk suednr
suednr e`o`j`
e`o`j`j
j dnrckz
dnrckzk.
k. ^jtuo 
^jtuo 
l`uo
l`uo p`
p`uo
uo f`
f`p`
p`tt enek
eneklk
lkm
m f`
f`ck
ckjc
jc `y
`y`e
`ee,
e, ko
ko`j
`j,, tn
tnlu
lur,
r, f`
f`j
j
sninjksjy`.

g. Xnenrko
Xnenrkos``j
s``j l`dbr`
l`dbr`tbr
tbrkue
kue
^jtuo enjco`ik `p`o`m `f` `jnek`, pnenrkos``j mktujc f`r`mm
lnjc
lnjco`
o`p,
p, mn
mne`
e`tb
tbor
orkt
kt `t`u
`t`u m`
m`ne
nebc
bclb
lbdk
dkj
j fk
fkl`
l`ou
ouo`
o`j
j f`
f`l`
l`e
e 4
s`ep`k 6= i`e sntnl`m pnrs`lkj`j. O`rnj` d`jy`ojy` `f`pt`sk
gkskblbck s``t w`jkt` oned`lk on on`f``j sndnlue m`ekl, jkl`k
f`r`m dnrud`m sntnl`m enl`mkro`j.
enl`mkro`j. Fnjc`j
Fnjc`j r`t`-r`t`
r`t`-r`t` onmkl`jc`j
onmkl`jc`j
f`r`m 688->88 el, pnjuruj`j 0c o`f`r m`nebclbdkj `t`u 18%
jkl`
jkl`kk mn
mnee
ee`t
`tbo
bork
rktt e`skm
e`skm f`
f`l`
l`e
e ok
oks`r
s`r`j
`j y`
y`jc
jc fk
fkm`
m`r`p
r`po`
o`j.
j.
Xnjuruj`j jkl`k y`jc lndkm dns`r fksnd`do`j blnm pnrf`r`m`j

mnd`t s``t enl`mkro`j, mnebr`ck, `t`u `jnek` prnj`t`l.

4. Fk
Fk`c
`cjb
jbs`
s` Onpn
Onpnr`w
r`w`t
`t`j
`j

`. Jynrk `out dnrmudujc

dnrmudujc`j
`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j `cnj akfnr` dkblbcks
dkblbcks

 d. Tnskob kjgnosk dnrmudujc`j fnjc` luo`

luo` pbst QA

a. Enjy
Enjyus
usuk
uk tkf`
tkf`o
o ngnot
ngnotkg
kg dn
dnrm
rmud
uduj
ujc`
c`j
j fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j on
ontk
tkf`
f`o`
o`fn
fnou
ou`t
`t`j
`j

supl`k @QK

f. C`jccu`j
C`jccu`j Ebdklk
Ebdklkt`s
t`s gksko dnrmudujc
dnrmudujc`j
`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j jynrk
jynrk luo`
luo` pbst QA
 

41

n. Kjtbln
Kjtblnr`j
r`jsk
sk `otkvk
`otkvkt`s
t`s dnrmu
dnrmuduj
dujc`j
c`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j kebdkl
kebdklkt`s
kt`s fkduotk
fkduotko`j
o`j

fnjc`j enr`s` lne`m.

g. Fngk
Fngksk
sktt pnr`
pnr`w`
w`t`
t`j
j fkrk
fkrk dnrm
dnrmud
uduj
ujc`
c`j
j fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j on
onln
lne`
e`m`
m`j
j gksk
gksko 
o 
fkdu
fkduot
otko
ko`j
`j fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j tkf`
tkf`o
o e`ep
e`epu
u e`jf
e`jfk/
k/dn
dnrp
rp`o
`o`k`
`k`j
j sna`r`
sna`r`

e`jfkrk.

c. Tnskob
Tnskob ontkf`osn
ontkf`osnked
ked`jc
`jc`j
`j a`kr`j
a`kr`j dnrmuduj
dnrmudujc`j
c`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j prbsnfu
prbsnfur 
r 

 pnednf`m`j fkduotko`j fnjc`j pnrf`r`m`j

1. Tnja
Tnja`j
`j`` @sum`
@sum`j
j Onpnr
Onpnr`w
`w`t
`t`j
`j

Xnrn
Xnrnja
ja`j
`j``j
``j on
onpn
pnr`
r`w`
w`t`j
t`j `t`u
`t`u kj
kjtn
tnrv
rvnj
njsk
sk on
onpn
pnr`
r`w`
w`t`j
t`j `f
`f`l`
`l`m
m

 pnrueus`j tuiu`j, tkjf`o`j f`j pnjkl`k`j r`jco`k`j `sum`j

onpnr`w`t`j
onpnr`w`t`jp`f`
p`f` p`sknj/olknj
p`sknj/olknj dnrf`s`ro`j
dnrf`s`ro`j `j`lks` pnjco`ik`j
pnjco`ik`j `c`r 

e`s`l`m onsnm`t`j f`j onpnr`w`t`j p`sknj f`p`t fk`t`sk (Jur`rkg &

Ousue`, 4807).

6. Keplne
Keplnenjt
njt`sk
`sk @sum`j
@sum`j Onpnr`w
Onpnr`w`t`j
`t`j

Kepl
Keplne
nenj
njt`
t`sk
sk on
onpn
pnr`
r`w`
w`t`
t`j
j `f
`f`l
`l`m
`m sn
snr`j
r`jco
co`k
`k`j
`j on
onck
ck`t
`t`j
`j y`
y`jc
jc

fkl`ouo`j blnm pnr`w`t ujtuo ened`jtu olknj f`rk e`s`l`m st`tus

onsnm`t`j y`jc fkm`f`pk on st`tus onsnm`t`j y`jc lndkm d`ko y`jc

enjcc`ed`ro`j orktnrk` m`skl y`jc fkm`r`po`j (Cbrfbj, 0;;6, f`l`e

(Xbttnr & Xnrry, 4800).

 

46

Obepbjnj t`m`p keplnenjt`sk 9

`. Vkjf
Vkjf`o
`o`j
`j onpn
onpnr`
r`w`
w`t`j
t`j e`jf
e`jfkr
krkk

 d. Vkjf`o`j onpnr`w`t`j obl`dbr`tkg

a. Fbouen
Fbouenjt`
jt`sk
sk tkjf`o`j
tkjf`o`j onpnr`w
onpnr`w`t`
`t`j
j f`j rnspbj
rnspbj olknj
olknj tnrm`f
tnrm`f`p
`p `sum`j
`sum`j

onpnr`w`t`j.

>. Nv`l
Nv`lu`
u`sk
sk @sum`
@sum`j
j Onpnr`
Onpnr`w`
w`t`
t`j
j

Nv`lu
Nv`lu`sk,
`sk, y`ktu
y`ktu pnjkl`
pnjkl`k`j
k`j m`skl
m`skl f`j prbsns.
prbsns. Xnjkl`
Xnjkl`k`j
k`j m`skl
m`skl enjnjt
enjnjtuo`
uo`j
j

sndnr`p` i`um ondnrm`skl`j y`jc fka`p`k snd`c`k onlu`r`j f`rk tkjf`o`j.

Xnjkl`k`j
Xnjkl`k`j prbsns enjnjtuo`j
enjnjtuo`j `p`o`m `f` ononlkru`j
ononlkru`j f`rk sntk`p t`m`p`j

 prbsns eul`k f`rk pnjco`ik`j, fk`cjbs`, pnrnja`j``j, tkjf`o`j, f`j nv`lu`sk

ktu snjfkrk. (@lk, 4804)

Nv`lu`sk
Nv`lu`sk fkl`ouo`j
fkl`ouo`j dnrf`s`ro`j
dnrf`s`ro`j orktnrk` y`jc tnl`m fktnt`po`j
fktnt`po`j sndnluejy`
sndnluejy`

f`l`e pnrnja`j``j, ened`jfkjco`j m`skl tkjf`o`j onpnr`w`t`j y`jc tnl`m

fkl`os`j`o`
fkl`os`j`o`j
j fnjc`j
fnjc`j tuiu`j
tuiu`j y`jc tnl`m fktnt`po`j
fktnt`po`j sndnluejy`
sndnluejy` f`j enjkl`k
enjkl`k

ngnotkvkt`s prbsns onpnr`w`t`j eul`k f`rk t`m`p pnjco`ik`j, pnrnja`j``j f`j

 pnl`os`j``j (Eud`r`o,foo.,4800).
(Eud`r`o,foo.,4800).

Nv`lu`sk
Nv`lu`sk fksusuj
fksusuj enjccuj`o
enjccuj`o`j
`j QB@X fke`j`9 (Qupr`iktjb
(Qupr`iktjb f`l`e S`rf`jk,
S`rf`jk,

4801)9
 

4>

Q9 ^jco`p`j pnr`s``j `t`u onlum`j y`jc fkonlumo`j sna`r` sudinotkg blnm

onlu`rc` sntnl`m fkdnrko`j keplnenjt`sk onpnr`w`t`j.

B9 On`f``j bdinotkg y`jc f`p`t fkkfnjtkgko`sk blnm pnr`w`t enjccuj`o`j

 pnjc`e`t`j y`jc bdinotkg.

@9 @j`lksks pnr`w`t sntnl`m enjcnt`muk rnspbj sudinotkg f`j bdinotkg.

X9 Xnrnja`j``j snl`jiutjy` sntnl`m pnr`w`t enl`ouo`j `j`lksks. Vuc`s f`rk

nv`lu`
nv`lu`tbr
tbr `f`l`m
`f`l`m enl`ou
enl`ouo`j
o`j nv`lu`
nv`lu`sk,
sk, enjckj
enjckjtnrp
tnrprnt`
rnt`sk
sk f`t`
f`t` snsu`k
snsu`k

fnjc`j orktnrk` nv`lu`sk, enjccuj`o`j pnjneu`j f`rk nv`lu`sk ujtuo 

enedu`t onputus`j f`l`e enednrko`j `sum`j onpnr`w`t`j. (Jurm`y`tk,

4800)

@f` tkc` `ltnrj`tkvn f`l`e enj`gskro`j m`skl nv`lu`sk y`ktu 9

`. E`s`l`m tnr`t`sk
tnr`t`sk E`s`l`m
E`s`l`m tnr`t`sk
tnr`t`sk `p`dkl`
`p`dkl` p`sknj enjujiuoo`
enjujiuoo`j
j pnrud`m`j
pnrud`m`j

tkjc
tkjco`
o`m
m l`ou
l`ou f`
f`j
j pn
pnro
rone
ned`
d`jc
jc`j
`j on
onsnm
snm`t`
`t`j
j snsu`
snsu`kk fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j or
orkt
ktnrk
nrk``

 pnja`p`k`j tuiu`j y`jc tnl`m fktnt`po`j.

 d. E`s`l`m snd`ck`j tnr`t`sk E`s`l`m snd`ck`j tnr`t`sk `p`dkl` p`sknj

enjujiuoo`j pnrud`m`j f`j pnroned`jc`j onsnm`t`j m`jy` snd`ck`j

f`rk orktnrk` pnja`p`k`j tuiu`j y`jc tnl`m fktnt`po`j

a. E`s`l`m
E`s`l`m dnlue
dnlue tnr`t`
tnr`t`sk
sk E`s`l`m
E`s`l`m dnlue
dnlue tnr`t`sk
tnr`t`sk,, iko` p`sknj
p`sknj s`e` sno`lk
sno`lk

tkjf`o enjujiuoo`j pnrud`m`j pnrkl`ou f`j pnroned`jc`j onsnm`t`j

`t`u d`mo`j tkedul e`s`l`m y`jc d`ru

 

47

D@D KKK

L@XBT@J O@Q^Q

@. Xnjc
Xnjco`
o`ik
ik`j
`j

0. Kfnjtkt`s Olknj
 J`e` 9 Jy. N
 Jb TE 9 888400>3
^eur 9 1= Vm
@c`e` 9 Ksl`e

Xnonri``j 9 @skstnj Tue`m V`jcc`

Quou D`jcs` 9 Kjfbjnsk`
Xnjfkfko`j 9 QE@
@l`e`t 9 op. Akinruo rt 880/806 Euo`p`yujc
Fk`cjbs` Enfks 9 X>@8 fnjc`j Qnatkb A`ns`rn`

4. Kfnjtkt`s Xnj`jccujc I`w`d

 J`e` 9 Jy. X
^eur 9 4= Vm

@c`e` 9 Ksl`e
Xnonri``j 9 @skstnj Tue`m V`jcc`
Quou D`jcs` 9 Kjfbjnsk`
Xnjfkfko`j 9 QE@
Mudujc
Mudujc`j
`j fnj
fnjc`j
c`j olknj
olknj 9 Vnt`j
Vnt`jcc
cc``
@l`e`t 9 op. Akinruo rt 880/806 Euo`p`yujc

1. F`t` ^eue Onsnm`t`j

Qt`tuss bdstntrkous
Qt`tu bdstntrkous 9 X>@8
 

43

 Jb Vkpn pnrs`lkj`j DD w`otu l`mkr ^sk` I`jkj On`f``j d`yk ^eur 
w`otu l`mkr  sno`r`jc
0. Jbre`l 1,3>8 cr 68 ekjccu Oulkt 40 Vm

onenr`m`j,
enj`jcks ou`t,
 dnrcnr`o `otkg,
us`m` dnrj`g`s
dnrj`g`s
 d`ko 
4. Jbre`l 4,;88 cr 1; ekjccu Oulkt 07 tmj
onenr`m`,
enj`jcks ou`t,
 dnrcnr`o `otkg,
us`m` dnrj`g`s
dnrj`g`s
 d`ko 

1. Jbre`l 1,488 cr 68 ekjccu Oulkt 04 tmj

onenr`m`,
enj`jcks ou`t,
 dnrcnr`o `otkg,
us`m` dnrj`g`s
dnrj`g`s
 d`ko 
6 Jbre`l 1,888 1= ekjccu Oulkt 6 tmj
onenr`m`,
enj`jcks ou`t,
 dnrcnr`o `otkg,
us`m` dnrj`g`s
dnrj`g`s
 d`ko 
> Qnatkb A`ns`rn` 1,188 17 ekjccu Oulkt
onenr`m`,
enj`jcks ou`t,
 dnrcnr`o `otkg,
us`m` dnrj`g`s
dnrj`g`s
 d`ko 
 

4=

6. Onlum`j ut`e` 9
Kdu enjc`t`o`j jynrk p`f` d`ck`j pnrut o`rnj` pbst Qnatkb A`ns`rn`,

Kdu enjc`t`o`j
enjc`t`o`j pnrut snpnrtk fktusuo tusuo, Kdu enjc`t`o`j
enjc`t`o`j pnrut
tnr`
tnr`s`
s` pnrk
pnrkm,
m, so`l
so`l`` jynr
jynrkk 7. Kd
Kdu
u enjc
enjc`t
`t`o
`o`j
`j su
suf`
f`m
m dn
dnlu
lue
e dk
dks`
s`
enjccnr`oo`j d`f`jjy` s``t fk ru`jc rnabvnry,
rna bvnry, kdu enjc`t`o`j kjckj
D@O m`rus
m`rus fkd`jt
fkd`jtu,
u, kdu enjc`t
enjc`t`o`
`o`j
j dnlue
dnlue e`epu
e`epu dnri`l`
dnri`l`j,
j, kdu
enjc`t`o`j sulkt enjccnr`oo`j o`okjy`, kdu enjc`t`o`j jynrk s``t
 dnrcnr`o, kdu enj`t`o`j t`out ujtuo enjcnr`oo`j o`okjy` kdu
enjc`t`o`j `skjy` dnlue onlu`r 
>. E`s`l`m prnj`t`l 9
Kdu enjc`t`o`j tkf`o enjc`l`ek eu`l eujt`m s``t fk trkenstnr 0

7. Tkw`y`t pnrs`lkj`j sno`r`jc 9

X`
X`f`
f` t`jc
t`jcc`
c`ll = Botb
Botbdn
dnrr 4840
4840 i`
i`e
e 0498
04988
8 SKD
SKD p`
p`sk
sknj
nj fk
fkd`
d`w`
w`
tnt`jcc`jy`
tnt`jcc`jy` on KCF Tue`m
Tue`m Q`okt fnjc`j
fnjc`j ruiuo`j
ruiuo`j enjc`ou
enjc`ou m`ekl
`j`o onlke` fnjc`j usk` onm`ekl`j 17 ekjccu fnjc`j ontud`j pna`m
fkjk p`f` puoul 00988 SKD, kdu enjcnlum eulns sni`o sne`l`e. F`j
tnl
tnl`m
`m fkl`ou
fkl`ouo`j
o`j bpnr`sk
bpnr`sk  snatkb a`ns`rn`.
a`ns`rn`. Kdu pu`s` eul`k f`rk i`e
8;988
3. Tkw`
Tkw`y`
y`tt Onsn
Onsnm`
m`t`
t`j
j y`jc
y`jc l`lu
l`lu 9 kd
kdu
u enjc
enjc`t
`t`o
`o`j
`j tkf`
tkf`o
o pn
pnrj
rj`m
`m
enjc`l`ek bpnr`sk sndnluejy`.

=. Tkw`y`t Onsnm`t`j Onlu`rc` 9

Kdu enjc`t
enjc`t`o`
`o`j
j onlu`r
onlu`rc`j
c`jy`
y` tkf`o
tkf`o enepuj
enepujy`k
y`k rkw`y`t
rkw`y`t pnjy`o
pnjy`okt
kt
enjul`r, `lnrck bd`t, f`j tkf`o enepujy`k pnjy`okt
pnjy`okt onturuj`j
;. Tkw`y`t OD 9
Kdu enjc`t`o`j tkf`o enepujy`k rkw`y`t OD
08. Tnja`j` OD 9
-.
00. Xbl` @otkvkt`s Qnm`rk-M`rk

Injks @otkvkt`s Fk rue`m Fk Tue`m Q`okt

0. Xne
Xnenju
njum`j
m`j jutrk
utrksk
sk E`o
E`o`j 9 E`o
E`o`j 9
 

4;

Injks e`o`j`j 9 j`sk Injks

Injks e`o`j`
e`o`j`j
j 9 j`sk
j`sk
+ l`uo + s`yur + + l`uo + s`yur +
anekl`j snpbtbjc rbtk + du`m

Xbrsk 9 s`tu pbrsk

Xbrsk 9 s`tu pbrsk m`dks
m`dks Ekjue 9 3-= cnl`s
Ekju
Ekjue
e 9 =-
=-08
08 cnl`ss  pnrm`rk
cnl` (0 cnl`s 9
 pnrm`rk (0 cnl`s 9 488el)
488el)
4. Nlkekj`sk D@O 9 >-7 o`lk/m`rk D@O 9 enjccu
enjccuj`o
j`o`j
`j
D@D 9 0-4 o`lk/m`rk o`tntnr 

1. Kstkr`m`t f`j tkfur Vkfur 9 3-= i`e

 pnrm`rk
 6. @edul`sk @otkvkt`s e`jfkrk M`jy` dnrd`rkjc
fk`t`s dnf
>. Ondnrskm`j fkrk/ E`jfk 4x snm`rk Dnlue c`jtk d`iu
 pnrsbj`l mycknjn Qko`t ckck 4x snm`rk o`rj` tkf`o ened`w`
ened`w`
C`jtk p`o`k`j 4x  d`iu c`jtk
snm`rk

04. Xnenrkos``j Gksko

`. On
On`f
`f``j
``j ueue
ueue 9 d`k
d`ko 
o 
 d. Ons`f`r`j 9 Abepbs Enjtks fnjc`j CAQ N6E7W>
a. V`j
V`jf`
f` vkt`l
vkt`l fk ru`jc
ru`jc TT9
VF 9 008/38 eeMc,
 J 9 =8x/enjkt,
TT 9 0;x/enjkt,
Q 9 17,>8A
 

18

`. Onp`l`

0) T`edut
Dnjtuo onp`l` bv`l, w`rj` r`edut pkr`jc, ondnrskm`j r`edut
our`jc d`ko, f`j tkf`o `f` dnjibl`j.
4) E`t`
skentr
skentrks
ks okrk
okrk f`j o`j`j
o`j`j objiuj
objiujctk
ctkv`
v` tkf`o
tkf`o `jneks
`jneks,, tkf`o
tkf`o `f`
jynrk tno`j, solnr` dnrw`rj` putkm
1) Vnlkjc`
Dnjtuo skentrks, t`ep`o dnrskm tkf`o `f` a`kr`j y`jc onlu`r 
6) Mkfujc
Qkentrks, tkf`o `f` pblkp
>) Eulut f`j ckck
Eulutt dnrskm, euobs`
Eulu euobs` dkdkr onrkjc, tkf`o `f` s`rk`w`j.
s`rk`w`j. Ckck
tkf`o `f` o`rkns

 d. Lnmnr 
Vkf`o `f` pnedns`r`j onlnji`r tkrbkf
a. Vmbr`os
0) I`jtujc
X`lp
X`lp`s
`skk 9 kat
katu
us ab
abrfks
rfks tn
tnr`
r`d
d` fk
fk KA
KA
@usoult`sk9 su`r` vnskoulnr 
4) X`ru
Kj
Kjsp
spno
nosk
sk 9 sken
skentr
trks
ks o`j
o`j`j
`j okr
okrkk
X`lp
X`lp`sk
`sk 9 vbo
vbo`l
`l grnek
grnektu
tuss s`e
s`e`,
`, o`
o`j`
j`j
j f`j
f`j ok
okrk
rk
Xn
Xnro
rous
uskk 9 ssbj
bjbr
br fkon
fkonfu
fu`` l`p
l`p`j
`jc
c p`r
p`ru
u
@usoult`sk9 su`r` vnskoulnr 
1) X`yuf`r` 9
Qkentrks o`j`j okrk, t`ep`o dnrskm, tkf`o `f` luo`, tkf`o `f`
jynrk tno`j, `nrbl` enjbjibl. Oblbstrue suf`m onlu`r.
 
 

10

f. Xnrkjkue
^tum, o`rnj` pnrs`lkj`j enl`luk snatkb a`ns`rn`

Cnjkt`lk` Iuel`m S`rj` Objskstnjsk Jynrk D`u

 Xnrf`r`m`j
 pnrv`ckj` 9
- Glbur  Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f`

`ldus
- Lbamn` 688el Enr`m snc`r  Luj`o  Vkf`o `f` @eks

rudr`

 Luo` Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f` Vkf`o `f`

npkskbtbey

n. Mbbe`j
Mbbe`j skcj 9 f brglnosk
brglnosk o`ok, tkf`o `f` jynrk p`f` dntks
g. Mnebrbkf 9 tkf`o `f`
c. W`rksns 9 tkf`o `f`
01. Xbl` kjtnr`osk sbsk`l
Br`j
Br`jc
c tnrf
tnrfno
no`t
`t p`sk
p`sknj
nj `f
`f`l
`l`m
`m on
onlu
lu`r
`rc`
c` dk
dkl`
l` `f
`f`` e`s`
e`s`l`
l`m
m p`
p`sk
sknj
nj
enjfksousko`j fnjc`j onlu`rc`
`. Onck
Onck`t
`t`j
`j on`c
on`c`e
`e``
``j
j
Kdu dnrfb` sntk`p sndnlue e`o`j
 d. On`f``j pskobsbsk`l snl`e` s`okt9
m`r`p`j onlu`rc` p`sknj lno`s snedum, onlu`rc` p`sknj tkf`o `f` y`j
f`t`jc
06. Xnenrkos``j Xskobsbsk`l
Objsnp
Objsnp fkrk
fkrk 9 kdu
kdu enjc`
enjc`t`o
t`o`j
`j d`m`
d`m`ck`
ck` `t`s
`t`s onl`m
onl`mkr`
kr`j
j `j`o
`j`o onlke
onlke`jy
`jy``
Xnr`
Xnr`j
j fkr
fkrkk 9 kdu
kdu enjc
enjc`t`
`t`o`
o`j
j suf
suf`m
`m dn
dnrp
rpnj
njc`
c`l`
l`e`
e`j
j f`l
f`l`e
`e enr`w
enr`w`t
`t
  d`yk
 

14

Kfnjtk
Kfnjtkt`s
t`s fkrk
fkrk 9 kdu enjc
enjc`t`
`t`o`j
o`j suf`m
suf`m sk`p
sk`p enji
enji`fk
`fk kdu
kdu
M`rc
M`rc`` fkr
fkrkk 9 kdu
kdu enjc
enjc`t
`t`o
`o`j
`j s`jcc
s`jccup
up enr`w
enr`w`t
`t f`
f`j
j `o`
`o`j
j dnru
dnrus`m
s`m``
  enednrko`j @QK
@QK nosoluskg d`ykjy`

0>. Xnenrkos``j Xnjuji`jc

Vcl Xnenrkos``j M`skl Q`tu`j Tuiuo`j Kjtnrprnt`sk

8= Mnebclbdkj 08.> c/fl X (06-0= ) S(04-07) Vkf`o Jbre`l
Lnuobskt 3,; Tkdu/ee1 6.8 ‑ 08.8 Jbre`l
Botbd
Vrbedbskt 107 Tkdu//ee1 0>8-6>8 Jbre`l
nr  Dlnnfkjc 1 Enjkt 0-7 Jbre`l
4840 tken
Albtmkjc tken 08 Enjkt 0-0> Jbre`l
Xrbtnkj ^rkjn Xbsktkg Jnc`tkg  
Quednr 9 L`dbr`tbrkue TQ

A. @J@LKQ@
@J@LKQ@ F@V@

JB F`t` Gbous Xrbdlne Ntkblbck

0 FQ 9  Jynrk `out (F.8833) @cnj pnjanfnr` gksko,
 Kd
Kdu
u enjc`t`o`j bpnr`sk snatkb a`ns`rn`
jy
jynrk
nrk p`
p`f`
f` d`
d`ck
ck`j
`j
 pnrut d`w`m o`rj`
lu
luo`
o` pb
pbst
st Qnat
Qnatkb
kb
A`ns`rn`
 Kdu enjc`t`o`j
 pnrut snpnrtk
fktusuo tusuo
 Olknj
Olknj enjc`t
enjc`t`o`
`o`j
j
 pnrut tnr`s` pnrkm
FB 9
 Olknj enrkjcks
ons`okt`j


^tnrus tnr`d` onr`s

 

11

X 9 Jynrk fkd`ck`j pnrut

 d`w`m.
P 9 Jynrk snpnrk fktusuo-

tusuo
T 9 Jynrk fkr`s`o`j
fkd`
fkd`ck
ck`j
`j `d
`dfb
fben
enj
j
 d`w`m
Q 9 Qo`l` jynrk 7
V 9 Jynr
Jynrkk fkr`
fkr`s`o
s`o`j
`j s``t
s``t
`otkvkt`s.
4 FQ 9 Tnskob Kjgnosk Luo` pbst snatkbj
FB 9 (F.8064) a`ns`rn`


Vnrf`p`t luo` pbst
snatkb a`ns`rn`
snp`ji`jc 08ae
 Luo` t`ep`o  
tnrd`lut pnrd`j
 Xnrd`j t`ep`o  
tnrlkm`t rnedns`r 
Lnuobskt 9 3.; rkdu/ee1

1 FQ 9 C`jc
C`jcc
cu`j
u`j ebdk
ebdklk
lkt`
t`ss Ngno `cnj g`re`oblbcks
 Ol
Olkn
knj
j enj`
enj`t`
t`o`j gksko (F.88>6)
o`j (@j`stnsk)
sulk
sulktt enjc
enjcnr
nr`o
`o`j
`j  
o`okjy`
 Ol
Olkn
knj
j enj`
enj`t`
t`o`
o`j
j
t`out iko` kjckj
 dnrcnr`o 

FB 9


Olknj tnrlkm`t
 

16

lne`m

F. FK@CJB
FK@CJBQ@
Q@

0. Jynr
Jynrkk `o
`out
ut (F.8
(F.883
833)
3) dnrm
dnrmud
uduj
uj`j
`j fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j @cnj
@cnj pn
pnja
janf
nfnr
nr`` gksk
gksko 
o 

fkt`jf`k fnjc`j `f`jy` luo` pbst bp Qnatkb a`ns`rn`

4. Tnskob Kjgnosk
Kjgnosk (F.8064)
(F.8064) dnrmuduj
dnrmuduj`j
`j fnj`j
fnj`j Luo`
Luo` pbst snatkbj
snatkbj a`ns`rn`
a`ns`rn`

fkt`jf`k fnj`j `f`jy` luo` fk `dfbenj d`w`m

1. C`jccu
C`jccu`j
`j ebdklkt`
ebdklkt`j
j gksko
gksko (F.88>
(F.88>6)
6) dnrmuduj
dnrmudujc`j
c`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j ngno
ngno `cnj
`cnj

g`re`oblbcks (`jnstnsk) fkduotko`j fnjc`j gksko lne`m.

N. KJVNTWNJ
KJVNTWNJQK
QK ONXNT@S@V
ONXNT@S@V@J
@J

Jb Fk`cjbs` Vuiu`j f`j Orktnrk` Kjtnrvnjsk

M`skl
0  Jynrk `out Qntn
Qntnl`
l`m
m fkl`o
kl`ouo
uo`j
`j E`j`inenj Jynrk (0.8=41=)
 df `cnj tkjf`
tkjf`o`j
o`j onpnr`w`t`j
onpnr`w`t`j Bdsnrv`sk
 pnjanfnr` snl`e` 1x46 i`e 0. Kfnjtkgko`sk lbo`sk, o`r`otnrkstko,
gksko, fkm`
fkm`r`
r`po
po`j
`j tkjc
tkjco`
o`tt fur`sk, grnounjsk, ou`lkt`s, kjtnjskt`s
bpnr`sk jynrk enjuruj jynrk
snatkb fnjc`j orktnrk` m`skl 9 4. Kfnjtkgko`sk so`l` jynrk
a`ns`rn` Vkjco`t jynrk 1. Kfnjtkgko`sk so`` jynrk jbj vnrd`l
0. Onlu
Onlum`
m`j
j jy
jynr
nrkk 6. Ebjktbr ngno s`epkjc pnjccuj``j
enjuruj (>) `j`lcntko 
4. V`ep
V`ep`o`o enrk
enrkjc
jcksks
Vnr`pnutko
enjuruj (>)
1. Qko`
Qko`p
p pr
prbt
btnonotk g  >. Dnrko`j tnomjko jbj g`re`oblbcks
tkg 
enjuruj (>) ujtuo enjcur`jck r`s` jynrk (tnr`pk
eusko, tnr`pk pki`t,obeprns m`jc`t,
fll)
7. G`sklkt`sk kstkr`m`t f`j tkfur 
Nfuo`sk
 

1>

3. @jiuro`j enebjktbr jynrk sna`r`

e`jfkrk
=. @jiuro`j enjccuj`o`j `j`ocntko

sna`r` tnp`t
Obl`dbr`sk
;. Obl`dbr`sk pnednrk`j `j`lcntko 
4 Tnskob Qntnl`m Bdsnrv`sk 9
kjgn
kjgnos
oskk df fkl`ouo`j 0. Ebjkt
Ebjktbr
br t`jf
t`jf`` f`j
f`j cni`
cni`l`
l` kjgn
kjgnosk
osk
lbo`l f`j skstneko 
`f`jy` tkjf`o`j
luo` pbst onpnr`w`t`j Vnr`pnutko 9
4. @jiur
@jiuro`j
o`j onau
onauoup
oup`j
`j jutrk
jutrksk,
sk, a`kr`
a`kr`j,
j,
snatkb snl`e
snl`e`` 1x
1x46
46
f`j kstkr`m`t
a``ns`rn`  i`e 1. Onlbl` `jtkdkbtko snsu`k rnsnp

fkm`r`po`j 6. (alkjf`eyakj
Dnrko`
Dnrko`j
j pnr`w 1x0)
pnr`w`t`
`t`j
j oulkt
oulkt p`f`
p`f` `rn`
`rn`
Vkjco`t
nfne`
kjgnosk >. Auak
Auak t`jc
t`jc`j
`j sndnlu
sndnlue
e f`j
f`j snsuf`
snsuf`mm
enjuruj. objt`o fnjc`j p`sknj f`j
lkjcoujc`j p`sknj
Orktnrk` M`skl 9
7. Xnrt`m
Xnrt`m`jo
`jo`j
`j tnojko
tnojko `snptka
`snptka p`f`
p`f`
 Ondnrskm`j luo`  p`snkj dnrnskob tkjcck
enjkjco`t (>)
 Ondnrskm`j
 d`f`j enjkjco`t

(>)
  Jynrk enjuruj (>)
1 C`jccu`j Qntn
Qntnl`
l`m
m fkl`o
kl`ouo
uo`j
`j Fuoujc`j Ebdklks`sk
ebdklkt`j tkjf`o`j
tkjf`o`j onpnr`w`t`j
onpnr`w`t`j Bdsnrv`sk
gksko  snl`e` 1x46 i`e 0. Kfnjtkgko`sk
Kfnjtkgko`sk `f`jy`
`f`jy` jynrk `t`u onlum`j
onlum`j
 dnrmudujc fkm`r`po`j
fkm`r`po`j ebdklkt`s
ebdklkt`s gksko l`kjjy`
`j fn
fnjc
jc`j
`j gksko enjkjco`t 4. Kfnjtkgko`sk
Kfnjtkgko`sk enl`ouo`j
enl`ouo`j pnrcnr`
pnrcnr`o`j
o`j
ng
ngno
no `c
`cnj
nj fnjc`j orktnrk` m`skl 9 1. Ebjktbr objfksk ueue snl`e`
g`re`oblb Ebdklkt`s Gksko   enl`ouo`j ebdklks`sk
cks 0. Xnr
nrc
cnr
nrnno`j Vnr`pnutko 
 

17

(`j`stnsk) nostrnekt`s 6. G`sklkt`sk

G`sklkt`sk `otkvkt`s
`otkvkt`s ebdklk
ebdklks`sk
s`sk fktnep`t
fktnep`t
enjkjco`t (>) tkfur 
4. Onou`t`j btbt >. Lkd`
Lkd`to
to`j
`j on
onlu
lu`r
`rc`
c` uj
ujtu
tuo
o ened
ened`j
`jtu
tu
enjkjco`t (>) enl`ouo`j pnrcnr`o`j
1. Tnjt`jc cnr`o   Nfuo`sk
(TBE) 7. Inl`so`j tuiu`j f`j prbsnfur 
enjkjco`t (>) ebdklks`sk
6. Jynrk enjuruj 3. @ji
jiu
uro
ro`j
`j ebdk
ebdklk
lks`
s`sk
sk fkj
kjkk (f
(fuf
ufuo 
uo 
(>) fktnep
fktnep`t
`t tkfur,
tkfur, fufuo
fufuo fksksk
fksksk tnep`t
tnep`t
tkfu
tkfur,
r, pk
pkjf
jf`m
`m f`
f`rk
rk tnep`
tnep`tt tkfu
tkfurr on
oursk)

G. A@V@V@J
A@V@V@J XNTONED@
XNTONED@JC@J
JC@J

Vcl/I`e Fk`cjbs` Keplnenjt`sk QB@X

8;  Jynrk `out df `cnj Bdsnrv`sk Q9
Botbdnr   pnjanfnr` gksko, 0. Enjck
Enjckfn
fnjt
jtkg
kgko
ko`sk
`sk lbo`
lbo`sk
sk - Kdu enjc`t`o`j
4840 bpnr`sk snatkb fkd`ck`j pnrut d`w`m, eul`k jynrk p`f`
I`e 81.88 a`ns`rn` o`r`otnrkstko, fur`sk sntk`p  d`ck`j pnrut
SKD > enjkt, grnounjsk, o`rnj` pbst
ou`lkt`s, kjtnjskt`s jynrk. Qnatkb A`ns`rn`
4. Enjck
Enjckfn
fnjt
jtkg
kgko
ko`sk
`sk so`l
so`l`` B9
jynrk 7 X 9 olknj enjc`t`o`j
Vnr`pnutko jy
jynr
nrkk pn
pnru
rutt d`ck
d`ck`j
`j
0. Enednr
Enednrko`
ko`j
j tnom
tnomjko
jko jbj  d`w`m.
g`re`oblbcks ujtuo P 9 jynrk snpnrk
enjcur`jck r`s` jynrk fktusuo-tusuo
(t`rko j`g`s f`l`e) T 9 jy
jynrk
nrk fk
fkr`
r`s`o
s`o`j
`j
Nfuo`sk s`ep`k
s`ep`k onpkjc
onpkjcc`j
c`jc
c
0. Enjc`
Enjc`ji
jiur
uro`
o`j
j eneb
enebjk
jktb
tbr 
r   d`ck`j dnl`o`jc
 

13

jynrk sna`r` e`jfkrk Q 9 Qo`l` jynrk 7

4. Enjc
Enjc`j
`jiu
iuro
ro`j
`j V 9 Jynrk fkr`s`o`j
enjccuj`o`j `j`lcntko s``t enjccn
enjccnr`o
r`oo`j
o`j
(`s`e eng`j`e`t 1x0) tudumjy`.
Obl`dbr`sk
0. Enjc
Enjcob
obl`
l`db
dbr`
r`sk
sk - olknj t`ep`o  
 pnednrk`j `j`lcntko  enrkjcks
(`s`e eng`j`e`t 1x0) ons`okt`j
- utnrus tnr`d`
enedul`t
@ 9 Jynrk dnlue
tnr`t`sk
X 9 Kjtnrvnjsk
fkl`jiuto`j fk ru`jc
r`w`t kj`p
8; Tnsk
Tn skob
ob kjgn oskk df Bdsnrv`sk 9
kjgnos Q9
0. Ebjk
Ebjktbtbrr tt`j
`jf`
f` f`
f`j
j
Botbdnr  `f
`f`j
`jyy` luo
luo` pbpbst
st B9
cni`l` kjgnos k lbo`l f`j
4840 snatkb a``ns`rn` - Vnrf`p`t luo`
skstneko 
I`e 81.88  pbst snatkb
SKD Vnr`pnutko 9 a`ns`rn`

0. Enjc`
Enjc`ji
jiur
uro`
o`j
j onauo
onauoup
up`j
`j snp`ji`jc 08ae

jutrksk, a`kr`j, f`j - Luo` t`ep`o  

kstkr`m`t tnrd`lut pnrd`j

4. Auak
Auak t`jc`
t`jc`j
j snd
sndnl
nlue
ue f`
f`j
j - Xnrd
Xnrd`j
`j t`
t`e
ep`
p`o 
o 
snsuf`m objt`o fnjc`j tnrlkm`t rnedns`j
 p`sknj f`j lkjcoujc`j - Lnuobskt
skt 9 3.;
 p`sknj rkdu/ee1
1. Xn
Xnrt
rt`m
`m`j
`jo`
o`j
j tnojk
tnojko 
o  @ 9 E`
E`s`l
s`l`m
`m

`snptka p`f` p`snkj  dnlue

 dnrnskob tkjcck tnr`t`sk

Obl`dbr`sk X 9 kjtnrvnjsk
 

1=

6. Enjcnlbl` `jtkdkbtko   fkl`jiuto`j fk

snsu`k rnsnp ru`j

ru`jc
c r`w`
r`w`tt

(alkjf`eyakj 1x0) kj`p

8; C`jccu`j ebdklkt`s 0. Enjc

Enjckf
kfnj
njtk
tkgk
gko`
o`sk
sk `f
`f`j
`jy`
y` Q 9
Botbdnr  gk
gksk
sko
o dn
dnrm
rmud
uduj
ujc`
c`j
j jynr
nrkk fk d`ck`j pnr
nru
ut - olk
olknj
nj enjc`t
enjc`t`o`
`o`j
j
4840 fnjc`j
fnjc`j ngno
ngno `cnj
`cnj  d`w`m `t`u onlum`j gksko  sulkt enjccnr`o`
enjccnr`o`j
j
I`e 81.88 g`re`oblbcks l`kjjy`  d`f`jjy`.
SKD (`j`stnsk) 4. Enjc
Enjckf
kfnj
njtk
tkgk
gko`
o`sk
sk
enl`
enl`ou
ouo`
o`j
j pn
pnrc
rcnr
nr`o
`o`j
`j B 9
ekrkjc o`j`j okrk, fufuo, - olknj t`ep`o  
 dnri`l`j. on
onsu
sus`
s`m`
m`j
j uj
ujtu
tuo 
o 

1. Enebjktbr grnounjsk ekrkjc o`j`j

ekrkjc o`j`j f`j
 i`jtujc f`j tno`j`j f`r`m okrk
sndnlue eneul`k - olknj t`ep`o  
ebdklks`sk fkd`jtu blnm
6. Enebj
Enebjkt
ktbr
br obj
objfk
fksk
sk ueu
ueue
e su`ekjy`.
snl`e` enl`ouo`j - olknj t`ep`o  
ebdklks`sk lne`m.
Vnr`pnutko 
0. Eneg`sk
Eneg`sklkt`
lkt`sk
sk `otkvk
`otkvkt`s
t`s @ 9 E`
E`s`l
s`l`m
`m dn
dnlu
lue
e

ebdklks`sk fktnep`t tkfur  tnr`t`sk

4. Enlkd`to`j onlu`rc` ujtuo  X 9 Kjtnrvnjsk
ened`jtu enl`ouo`j fkl`ji
fkl`jiuto`j
uto`j fk ru`j
 pnrcnr`o`j r`w`t kj`p
Nfuo`sk
0. Enjc`jiuro`j enl`ouo`j
ebdklks`sk fkjk
4. Enjc`jiuro
Enjc`jiuro`j
`j ebdklks`sk
ebdklks`sk
snfnrm`j` y`jc m`rus

fkl`
fkl`ou
ouo`
o`j
j (f
(fuf
ufuo
uo tn
tnep
ep`t
`t
 

1;

fufuo,
fufuo, fufuo
fufuo fksksk
fksksk tnep`t
tnep`t
tkfu
tkfur,
r, pkjf
pkjf`m
`m f`rk
f`rk tn
tnep
ep`t
`t
tkfur on oursk.
 

D@D KW

ONQKEX^L@J F@J Q@T@J

@. Onsk
Onskep
epul
ul`j
`j

0. Fk`cjbs`
Fk`cjbs` onpnr`w`t`j
onpnr`w`t`j y`jc fk`jco`t
fk`jco`t y`ktu Jynrk `out dnrmudujc
dnrmudujc`j
`j

fnjc`j
fnjc`j `cnj anfnr` gksko, rnskob kjgnosk dnrmudujc
dnrmudujc`j
`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j `f`jy`
`f`jy`

luo` pbst snatkb a``ns`rn`, c`jcc

c`jccu`j
u`j ebdklkt`s
ebdklkt`s gksko dnrmudujc`j
dnrmudujc`j

fnjc`j ngno `cnj g`re`oblbks, fk`cjbs` kjk fk fuoujc blnm f`t` y`jc

fktneuo`j f`rk m`skl pnjc`oki`j.

4. Kjtnrv
Kjtnrvnjs
njskk f`l`e
f`l`e enedu`t
enedu`t rnja`j
rnja`j`` onpnr`w
onpnr`w`t`
`t`j
j fksnsu
fksnsu`ko
`ko`j
`j fnjc`j
fnjc`j

sktu`sk f`j objfksk olknj snrt` objfksk lkjcoujc`j.

1. Kepnln
Kepnlnet`s
et`skk tkjf`o
tkjf`o`j
`j onpnr`w
onpnr`w`t`
`t`j
j p`f`
p`f` olknj
olknj Jy. N fksnsu
fksnsu`ko
`ko`j
`j

fnjc`j rnja`j` onpnr`w`t`j y`jc sndnluejy` tnrsusuj f`j snsu`ko`j

fnjc`j objskfk olknj p`f` pnl`os`j``j, tkf`o sneu` tkjf`o`j f`p`t

tnra`p`k o`rnj` ontnrd`t`j w`otu f`j m`rus enenrluo`j r`w`t kj`p

ujtuo pneulkm`j
pneulkm`j f`j bdsnrv`sk
bdsnrv`sk lndkm l`jiut .

6. Nv`lu`sk
Nv`lu`sk enrup`o`j
enrup`o`j l`jco`m
l`jco`m tnr`om
tnr`omkr
kr f`rk prbsns
prbsns y`jc
y`jc dnrgujcsk
dnrgujcsk ujtuo 
ujtuo 

enjkl`k m`skl tkjf`o`j onpnr`w`t`j f`j rnja`j` onpnr`w`t`j snd`c`k

tbl`o uour f`j nv`lu`sk fkl`ouo`j enrup`o`j nv`lu`sk f`rk i`jco`

 pnjfno, snf`jco`j tuiu`j i`jco` p`ji`jc dnlue f`p`t tnr`t`sk o`rnj`

enedutumo`j w`otu y`jc auoup l`e`.nv`lu`sk y`jc fkf`pto`j p`f`

 Jy.N. E`s`l`m suf`m tnr`t`sk f`j olknj suf`m pul`jc.

pul`jc.
 

60

D. Q`r`j

0. D`ck
D`ck Tue`
Tue`m
m Q`o
Q`okt
kt

F`p`t enjcned`jco`j kleu y`jc suf`m `f` snrt` enjkjco`to`j eutu

 pnl`y`j`j d`ko pnl`y`j`j onsnm`t`j e`upuj pnl`y`j`j l`kjjy` y`jc

`f` fk f`l`e rue`m s`okt tnrsndut

4. D`ck
D`ck Xne
Xned`a`
d`a`

D`ck pned`a` omususjy` olknj rue`m s`okt `c`r lndkm enepnrm`tko`j

f`j pnfulk l`ck tnjt`jc o`jfujc`jjy`, ene`jc sneu` onputus`j `f`

fk t`jc`j
t`jc`j olknj,
olknj, j`euj
j`euj `l`jco`
`l`jco`m
m d`kojy
d`kojy`` sntuiu
sntuiu fnjc`j
fnjc`j onputu
onputus`j
s`j

y`jc fk`edkl blnm fbotnr, omususjy` p`f` o`sus snatkb a`ns`rn`.

1. D`ck Xnjcned`jc
Xnjcned`jc`j
`j Kleu f`j Vnojblbck
Vnojblbck Onpnr`w`t`j
Onpnr`w`t`j

Enj`ed`m kleu f`j tnojblbck tnr`p`j dkf`jc onsnm`t`j omususjy`

ondkf`
ondkf`j`j
j`j f`j onpnr`w
onpnr`w`t`j
`t`j f`l`e
f`l`e enjc`su
enjc`sum
m olknj pbst
pbst snatkb
snatkb

a`ns`rn`.

6. D`ck
D`ck Xnj
Xnjulks
ulks

Enepn
Enepnrb
rblnm
lnm pn
pnjc
jc`l
`l`e`
`e`j
j f`
f`l`e
l`e enjc
enjc`p
`plk
lko`s
o`sko
ko`j
`j m`
m`skl
skl rksnt
rksnt,,

omususjy` stufk o`sus tnjt`jc pnl`os``j pnenjum`j ondutum`j d`ck

olknj pbst snatkb a`ns`rn`

 

F@GV@T X^QV@O@

@eru, Qbgk`j. Tust`e

Tust`e ebamt`r
ebamt`r syjbpsks
syjbpsks bdstrntrk9
bdstrntrk9 bdstrntrk
bdstrntrk bpnr`tkg,
bpnr`tkg, bdstrntrk
bdstrntrk
sbak`l. I`o`rt`9 NCA. 4804.

Kjfk`rtk, E.V. (480>). X`jfu`j lnjco`p onm`ekl`j, pnrs`lkj`j f`j pnr`w`t`j d`yk.
[bcy`o`rt` 9 Fkclbssk` Enfk`.
Iktbwkybjb, Q f`j Orkstky`j`s`rk, S. 4804. @sum`j Onpnr`w`t`j Xbst Bpnr`sk
Fnjc`j Xnjfno`t`j J`jf`, JKA, JBA. [bcy`o`rt`9 Jum` Enfko`.
Onpnr`w`t`j Xrbgnskbj`l iklkf 4. I`o`rt`9 Enfk` @atkbj Xudlksmkjc.
Ekt`y`jk. (4801). @sum`j onpnr`w`t`j e`tnrjkt`s. I`o`rt` 9 Q`lned`Enfko`.
Ebamt`r, Tust`e. (4801). Qkjbpsks Bdstntrk Gkskblbck f`j X`tblbck nfksk 4. NCA 9
I`o`rt`.
Bxbrj, M`rry, Skllk`e T. Gbrtn. 4808. Kleu Ondkf`j`j9 X`tblbck & Gkskblbck

Xnrs`lkj`j. I`o`rt`9 [`y`s`j Nssnjtk` Enfka`

XXJK, V. X. (4803). Qt`jf`r Fk`cjbsks Onpnr`w`t`j Kjfbjnsk` (QFOK)9 Fngkjksk

f`j Kjfko`tbr Fk`cjbstko ((ant`o`j KKK) 0 nf.). I`o`rt`9 FXX XXJK.
XXJK, V. X. (480=). Qt`jf`r Kjtnrvnjsk Onpnr`w`t`j Kjfbjnsk` (QKOK)9 Fngkjksk
f`j Vkjf`o`j Onpnr`w`t`j ((ant`o`j KK) 0 nf.). I`o`rt`9 FXX XXJK.
XXJK, V. X. (480;). Qt`jf`r Lu`r`j Onpnr`w`t`j Kjfbjnsk` (QLOK)9 Fngkjksk f`j
Orntnrk` M`skl Onpnr`w`t`j ((ant`o`j KK) 0 nf.). I`o`rt`9 FXX XXJK.
Xr`wkrbm`rfib, Q`rwbjb. 4806. Kleu Ondkf`j`j Q`rwbjb Xr`wkrbm`rfib. I`o`rt`9

XV. Dkj` Xust`o` Q`rwbjb Xr`wkrbm`rfib

Xurwb`stutk Njf`jc, Qkwk S`ly`jk Nlks`dntm. 4806. Objsnp Ondkf`j`j. Xust`o`

D`ru Xrnss9 [bcy`o`rt`.
Qbgk`j, @eru. 4804. Qkjbpsks Bdstntrk Nfksk 1. I`o`rt`9 NCA

Qblnm`
Qblnm`tk,
tk, Vnttk
Vnttk f`j Ananp
Ananp Nlk Obs`skm
Obs`skm.,
., 480>.
480>. Objsnp
Objsnp f`j @plko
@plko`sk
`sk Tnl`os
Tnl`os`sk
`sk
f`l`e Onpnr`w`t`j E`tnrjkt`s. D`jfujc 9 XV. Tngko` @fkt`e`.
 

61