Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Give two properties of aluminium that make it suitable for use in overhead
electricity cables.
ductile / malleable
low density
between molecules
reaction finished
(lumps have) smaller surface area OR powder has larger surface area
(lumps have) fewer collisions per unit time / less collision frequency OR
powder has more collisions per unit time / more collision frequency
fizz / bubbles
moves
floats
Carbon dioxide
Describe how to check if all the water has been given off from a hydrated salt?
Chromatography.
nitrogen and oxygen (from the air) react (in the engine)
What is catalyst?
From the first 30 elements, which gas diffuses with the slowest rate?
Chlorine
Explain, in terms of particles, why does the rate of reaction decrease as the time
increase?
• concentration of particles decreases
• lower rate of collisions of particles
• Respiratory problems
• Acid rain
Oxygen
electrons move/mobile/flow
State how the student decides that a suitable number of results have been
obtained.
metal hydroxide
State one observation that indicates the copper(II) oxide is in excess in step 1.
Undissolved solid remains
Suggest the name of the compounds that decompose to give metal oxide?
14
State how the energy profile diagram shows this is an exothermic reaction.
BONDING
Why ionic compound X have higher melting point than covalent compound Y?
Explain, in terms of attractive forces between particles, why nitrogen has a low
melting point.
Why ionic compound don’t conduct electricity when solid but conduct when
molten? Explain in terms of structure and bonding.
ions
dissolve it in water
AND
exists as layers
makes it more difficult for layers (of atoms) to slide over each slip/shift other
Giant covalent
CONTACT PROCESS
CRYSTALLISATION
To make sure all the filtrate goes through. no filtrate left behind in the filter paper.
(This will increase yield). To wash-out / dissolve / remove salt
evaporation
Why the mass of crystals obtained was less than theoretical mass?
some salt remains in solution / some salts does not form crystals
OR
State two observations that would indicate that some salts are in excess in step
1.
ELECTROLYSIS
State and explain what would happen to the mass of the negative electrode
during the electrolysis of concentrated copper(II) chloride.
increases
Give one reason why metal spoons are electroplated with silver.
Improves appearance
antibacterial
EQUILIBRIUM
reaction is reversible
If a product (E.g. water) is removed from the RHS what happens to the
mass of other product?
more product
ETHANOL MAKING
of yeast
at 30°C
What are the reagents and conditions required for conversion of ethene to
ethanol?
stem
catalyst
60atm
300 deg C
EXTRACTION
(coke)
releases heat (when it reacts with oxygen or reacts in air)
OR (acts as a) fuel
(coke)
reacts with oxygen to form carbon monoxide
OR reacts with carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide
Name two waste gases that leave the blast furnace during extraction of iron.
Nitrogen
Carbon dioxide
HARBER PROCESS
Explain why a lower temperature and a higher pressure are not used.
Lower temperature → rate of reaction slower
Higher pressure → expensive/ specialised equipment
MAKING OF ZINC
ZnO + C => Zn + CO
distilled
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
What are the reagents and conditions required for conversion of a alkene
to alkane?
hydrogen
catalyst
high temperature.
the atoms / group of atoms which give (any molecule its) chemical properties
If the number of carbon in the chain increase what happen to it’s boiling point?
boiling point increase
PETROLEUM
POLYMERS
How many molecules of water is formed when one ester link is formed?
1
Give one condition needed when ethanoic acid reacts with the alcohol to make
this ester.
acid (catalyst)
Name a polyester?
Terylene
What does the term condensation mean when used to describe condensation
polymers?
water is a product (when polymer is made)
PROTECTING IRON
Explain how completely coating an iron object with a layer of zinc prevents
rusting
Rusting of iron ships can be prevented by attaching zinc blocks to the hull of the
ship. Explain how this prevents rusting.
SALT PREPARATION
a solid
wash (residue of lead(II) iodide) with water AND dry e.g. with filter paper /
description of washing and drying
fizzing / effervescence
Name the experimental technique used when salts are made by reacting a dilute
acid with an aqueous alkali.
Titration
TEST
purple to colourless
What is produced when iron(II) sulfate (or any other metal) react with ammonia?
Iron (II) hydroxide is formed (or any other metal hydroxide is formed)
Suggest why the green precipitate of iron(II) hydroxide turns red-brown at the
surface.
act as catalyst
Coloured compounds
malleable
high density
What are the difference between physical properties of transition metals and
group 1 elements.
high density
hard
What are the difference between chemical properties of transition metals and
group 1 element.
act as catalyst
What are the difference between physical properties of group 1 elements and
transition metals.
soft
low density
shiny / lustrous
conduct electricity
conduct heat