1.

2017 H2 MA Prelim Compilation - Vectors SOLUTIONS

AJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q3

Equation of line through point P and perpendicular to  1 is
 2  1
   
r   1     2  ,  
1  2
   
Since F lies on plane  1 ,
(–2+) -2(1-2) + 2(1+2) = 7   = 1
2 1  1   2   1 
      
1
        
OF   1   1 2    1 , PF  OF  OP =  1   1    2 
1  2 3 3 1  2
           

shortest distance from P to plane Π1 = PF  1   2   2  3
2 2 2

(ii) Line m is parallel to both planes:

1   a   2  6   4 
       
 2    3    (1  2a)  =  1  2a 
 2   1  3  2a   3  2a 
       
 1  4 
   
Equation of this line m : r   1    1  2a  where  
3  3  2a 
   
(iii) Q(1, 4, 1) lies on line m,
-1-4 = 1 --- (1)
-1+(1+2a) = -4 --- (2)
3+(3+2a) = -1 --- (3)
From (1) :  = - ½
From (2) : a = 5/2
From (3) : a = 5/2 . Hence the value of a is 5/2
Alternative method
 1   1  2 
      
FQ   4    1   3 
 1   3   4 
     
Since line m contains F and is parallel to  1 , line m lies on  1 .

Since line m is on  1 , Q is on  1 . hence FQ is //  1 and  n1

 2a
  
 3   3   0
 4   1
  
2a  9  4  0  a  5 / 2
 (iv) Method 1 (dot product)
 1   2   3  0
        
PQ   4    1    5  and normal to the x-y plane = 0
 1   1   2  1
       
0  3  0
QR  PQ  0    5   0  2
 1   2  1
     

length of projection of PQ on the x-y plane
= PR Q
= PQ  2  (3  5  2  2  34
2 2 2 2 2 2
P R

Method 2 (cross product)


length of projection of PQ on the x-y plane
 0   3   0   5 
= PR  PQ   0    5    0    3   52  32  34
 1   2   1   0 
       

CJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q2

(i) Length of projection of a on to b
(ii)
a  b  a b sin 
π
 (2)(1)sin
4
 2
(iii)
pq
= 3a     2  b      3 a+b 
 3    3 a  a   3  a  b     2  5  6   b  a       2  b  b 
  3   2  5  6   b  a   a  a  0 and b  b  0 
   2  2  6   b  a 
(iv)
Area OPQ =
2
   2  6   b  a 
1 2

   2  2  6  2
1
2
2
    1  5
2

2
5 2
Smallest Area OPQ =  unit 2
2
DHS Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q4
(a)

O b 3 B 2 C

5 5 1
OC  b  AC  b  a   5b  3a  / /5b  3a
(i) 3 3 3
Equation of line AC: r  a    3a  5b  ,  

(ii) Since l lies on the plane containing O, A and B, its direction vector is coplanar
with a and b, thus it will be a linear combination of a and b, i.e. sa  t b is a
direction vector for l.
(iii) Let intersection point be D.
At D,
a    3a  5b   b   (a  3b)
Since a and b are non-zero, non-parallel vectors,
1  3        (1)
5  1  3    (2)
Solving,
5  1  3 1  3 
14  4
2 1 1 10
   ,    OD  a  b
7 7 7 7

(b)
 Method 1
Since the base length (OB) and perpendicular height remain the same, the area of parallelograms
formed by different k remains the same as the area of the parallelogram with sides OA and OB.
Method 2
(a  kb)  b | a  b  kb  b || a  b  0 || a  b |

Area of parallelogram
 a  b | a || b | sin 
2
1   1
 a  a  1   
2   4
15 2
 a
8

HCI Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q5

(a)
a  b  a  c  b  c
 a  a    a  c   b  a   b  c   b  c
 a  c   b  a   0
 a  c   a  b  0
a  c  b  0
Since a is non-zero and b  c ,
 a is parallel to (c  b) .
 a  k (c  b ) , k  .

(b)(i) P

OA   2   2   2

 O
 cos  
2  2  2

cos  
2  2  2

cos  
2  2  2
cos2   cos2   cos2 
2 2 2
        
     
 2  2  2   2  2  2   2  2  2 
     
2  2  2
 2
  2  2
1
 (b)(ii)
cos 2  cos 2  cos 2
 2 cos 2   1  2 cos 2   1  2 cos 2   1
 2  cos 2   cos 2   cos 2    3
 2(1)  3
 1 (shown)

HCI Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q4

 4   2   2   1
     
(i)  2    0    2   2  1 
 1  1  4   2 
       
 1   1  1 
     
r .  1    2  .  1   7 p
 2   4   2 
     

 Cartesian equation of p is x  y  2 z  7 .
(ii) x  y  2 z  7
q
x  2y  z  2
Using GC, l
a vector equation of l is
 4   1
    p
r   3     1  ,   .
 0  1
   
 4   

 
(iii) OB   3    q
  
 
 4     1 l

    B
AB   3      2  p
   4 p
   
  3
 
   5 
  4 
 
   3   1
  
   5  . 1  0
   4   1
  
  3  5   4  0    4
0

 
 OB   1   j  4k
 4
 
 1 q
 
(iv) Equation of q : r .  2   2
1
  l
 4  3  1  B

    p
AB   4  5    1 p
 4  4  0 
   
 length of projection of AB on q is
1 1 1  1
 3 

1   1     1   1 2
AB   2    1   2    1 
6  6     6   6 2
1 0 1  1
 1 1
   
(v) Vector equation of line through A and perpendicular to q is r   2     2  ,   .
4 1
q    
Since line passes through q , A'
 1     1  C
  
 2  2  . 
 2  2 B
 4   1 
   p
1

2
 1

 1  1   2

  1    1 9
 OC   2    2    1    i  j  k
 4  2 1   9  2 2
     
 2 
Using Mid-point Theorem,
 
 OA  OA '
OC 
2
 1
  2   1  0 
        
OA '  2 OC  OA  2  1    2    0 
 9   4  5
     
 2 
 0 0  0 
  
     
A ' B  OB  OA '   1    0    1 
 4   5   1
     
0 0 0 0
       
 equation of required line is r   0     1  ,   or r   1     1  ,  
5  1  4  1
       
 cartesian equation is x  0, y  5  z .
IJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q3
(i)
(2p  5q)  (2p  5q)  4p  p  10p  q  10q  p  25q  q
 20p  q
2 b
   
 20 1   1 
 a  0
   
 a 
 
 20  ab 
2 b
 
Alternative:
  2 b   2 b
         
(2p  5q)  (2p  5q)   2 1   5 1     2 1   5 1  
  a   0   a   0
         
 4  5b   4  5b 
   
  3    7 
 2a   2a 
   
 6a  14a 
  
   8a  10ab  8a  10ab  
 28  35b  12  15b 
 
 20a   a 
   
  20ab   20  ab 
 40  20b  2 b
   
 a 
 
Given that the i- and j- components of the vector 20  ab  are equal,
2 b
 
a  ab
ab  a  0
a (b  1)  0
Since a  0, thus b  1

(ii) (2p  5q)  (2p  5q)  80

  a 
 
20  ab   80
2 b
 
 a 
 
 a   4
 2  1
 
2a 2  9  4
2a 2  9  16
7
a2 
2
7 14
a or 
2 2
(iii) Since 2p  5q and 2p  5q are perpendicular,
 2p  5q   2p  5q   0
2 2
4 p  25 q  0
2 25 2
p  q
4
   1  12 
25 2
4
25

2
5 2
p
2

Alternative:
 4  5  4  5
   
(2p  5q) (2p  5q)   3   7 
 2a   2a 
   
 16  25  21  4a 2
 4a 2  30
Since 2p  5q and 2p  5q are perpendicular,
(2p  5q) (2p  5q)  0
4a 2  30  0
15
a2 
2

15 25 5 2
p  22  1  a 2  5   
2 2 2
JJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q3
(i) A(3, 0, 2), B (1, 0, 3), C(2, 3, 5)
 1   3   2   2   3   1 
           
AB   0    0    0  AC   3    0    3 
 3  2  1   5   2  3 
           
 2   1   3 
     
AB  AC   0    3    5 
 1   3  6
     
 3  1  3 
     
Take n1   5  , a  n1 =  0    5   3  0  18  21
6  3  6 
     
 3
 
A vector equation of H1 is r  5   21
6
 

(ii) Equation of H 2 is 2x  y  kz = 14.

Sub. A(3, 0, 2) into equation of H 2 ,
2(3)  0  k (2) = 14
 k=4 (Shown)
Sub. B(1, 0, 3) into LHS of equation of H 2 ,
LHS = 2 x  y  4 z = 2(1)  0  4(3) = 14 = RHS
 B is also in H 2 .
Since B is in both H1 and H 2 ,  B is on the river. (Deduced)

 2 
(iii) Recall AB   0 , using A(3, 0, 2) or B (1, 0, 3),
 
1
 
a cartesian equation of the river (line AB) is
x 3 x 1
 z  2, y  0 or  z  3, y  0
2 2

 1   2 
  
(iv) Since BC AB   3   0   1(2)  (3)(0)  2(1)  0 ,
 2   1
  
BC is perpendicular to AB.
 B is the point on the river that is nearest to C.
Exact distance from C to the river
 1
= BC   3   1  9  4  14
 2
 
 (v) Acute angle between BC and H 2
 1  2 
  
 3   1
 2  4
   13
  sin 1  sin 1
14 21 14 21
 49.3 or 0.861 rad

MI Prelim 9740/2017/01/Q5
(i)
8  2
   
AB  12   4  3 
4 1
   
 2 0
  
 3 1
1 0
The required angle,   cos 1      36.7o (1 d.p)
14 1
(ii) The length of projection of OB onto the z  axis .
1 59
(iii) AF  PF 
2 2
 2a  2   3 
1    59
a  1  0 
2    
  2 2
 a  1   
 2(a  1) 
  59
 1 a   2 2
 3(a  1) 
 

59
4(a  1)2  (1  a)2  9(a  1) 2  2
2
13(a  1)2  (1  a) 2  118
14a 2  24a  104  0
7a 2  12a  52  0
(7a  26)(a  2)  0
26
a (rejected as a  0) or a  2
7

Accept: Using GC, a  2 or a  3.7143 (rejected as a  0)

 (iv)
Both triangles have the same height (h).

AF : CF  Area of triangle AFP : Area of triangle FCP

 2 :1

MJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q4

Solution:
(a)(i) Let  be the angle between OA and OB .
 3   3 
  
 1  2 
30
cos      
 3   3 
   
 1  2 
3 0
   
 11 
  cos 1    134.4 (1 d.p) = 2.35 radian (3 s.f)
 19 13 

(a)(ii) Let h be the shortest distance from B to line OA.

h
sin134.42 
b
h  13 sin134.42
 2.5752
 2.58 units (3 s.f)
(b) Let c  d  s .
1) s e  0  s is perpendicular to e.
2) c  d  s  s is perpendicular to both c and d.

Since s is perpendicular to c, d and e and c, d and e passes through common point O  points
O, C, D and E are coplanar.

MJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q10

Solutions:
 3   2   3 
     
(i)  1   1    1 
 2  1  5 
     
 3   1   3 
     
r   1    1    1   84
 5   16   5 
     
Cartesian equation of p1 is 3x  y  5 z  84 .
5
 
(ii) OA   6 
7
 
Let the foot of perpendicular from A to p1 be F.
5  3   5  3 
     
OF   6     1    6    for some  
7  5   7  5 
     
Since F lies on p1 ,
 5  3   3 
   
 6      1   84
 7  5   5 
   
35  14  84
 2
 5  6   1 
   
 OF   6  2    4 
 7  10   17 
   

5 1
   
Note that A lies on p2 since  6    2   52 .
7 5
   
Let A be the point of reflection of A about p1 .
Note that A lies on p3 .
OA  OA
OF 
2
 1   5   7 
     
OA  2OF  OA  2  4    6    2 
 17   7   27 
     

p1 : 3x  y  5 z  84 .
1
 
p2 : r   2   52  x  2 y  5 z  52
5
 
 44   3
   
By GC, the line of intersection between p1 and p2 is r   48     4  ,  
 0  1
   
  44   7   44   37 
       
A vector parallel to p3 is OA   48    2    48    46 
 0   27   0   27 
       
 37   3   62   31
       
 46    4    44   2  22 
 27   1   10   5 
       
 31  7   31
     
r   22    2    22   308
 5   27   5 
     
A cartesian equation of p3 is 31x  22 y  5 z  308

NJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q8

(i) BC  OC  OB  a  b    a + b 
(ii)Since OCD is similar to ACB , OD parallel to AB.
OD CO 1
  .
AB CA 2
1 a   1 b  b  a
OD  
2 2
 x
 
(iii)Let OB   0  .
z
 
 x   2  x  2
     
CB   0    0    0 
 z   0  z 
     
 x  2   2 
   π
CB.CO   0  .  0   CB  2  cos    1
 z  0 6
  
π
CB  4cos 2 3
6
3
2 x  4  2 3  2 
2
x  1

 1
 
OB   0   2
 z
 
 1  z 2  22
2

z2  3
z 3
 1   1 
   
OB   0  or  0   rejected z -component  0  .
 3  3
   
(iv)Equation of line passing through OB:
 1 
 
OB    0  ,  
 3
 
x2
   x  2  3
3
y
   y  3
3
z 1    z    1

Equation of line:
 2  3
   
r   0     3 ,  
1 1
   

Direction vector of line is not parallel to direction vector of line passing through O and B since
direction vectors of both lines are not scalar multiple of each other.

Solving equations simultaneously:

 2  3   1 
   
 3   0 
  1   3
   
There is no value of  and  that satisfy the above equation.
Since the lines are not parallel and non-intersecting, the lines are skew.
NYJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q1
(i)
Assume that a and b are non-parallel vectors.
,
On the line BC,
On the line AD,
Since a and b are non-zero, non-parallel vectors, comparing coefficient
5l = 1- m 1 4
Þ l= ,m =
2m = 1- l 9 9
Thus
(ii)
Since a is a unit vector in the direction of OC,

8
k
9

PJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q10

4 y
(i) l:x2 ,z 0
3
 2  1
   
l : r   4     3  
 0 0
   
 2   3   1 
     
 4   4   0
 0   2   2 
     
 1   1   6 
     
 3    0    2 
 0   2  3 
     
 6   3   6 
    
r  2    4   2   4
 3   2   3 
    
p : 6 x  2 y  3z  4

(ii) To find intersection between y-axis and l, sub x  0 into l

 4 y
02   y  2
3
Thus, point of intersection is  0, 2,0  .
Point of reflection of  2, 4,0  about y-axis is  2, 4,0 
 2  0   2 1
       
 4    2    6   2  3 
0  0  0 0
       
 0  1
   
Line of reflection, l ' : r   2   s  3  s
 0   0
   
 9   3   6 
     
(ii)  9    4    5 
 6   2   4 
     
 6   1   6  1
       
5  3    5   3  cos 
 4   0   4  0
       
21 21
cos   
 6   52   4  12  32
2 2
770

  40.8o

(iii)
Let the point that is equidistant from both planes be C.
 3   6 
   
OC   4   t  5  for some t 
 2   4 
   
Distance of C from p = Distance of C from x-y plane
 3  6t   3    6   3  6t   0    0 
           
 4  5t    4    2   4  5t    0    0 
 2  4t   2    3   2  4t   0    1 

62  22  32 02  02  12
36t  10t  12t
 2  4t
7
t  2t  1
t 2  4t 2  4t  1
t  2t 1 or t  2t  1
3t 2  4t  1  0
1
t  1 or t 
3
  3  6 3  3  6  3 
         1    1  
OC   4   (1)  5    1 OC   4      5      7 
 2   4 2  2   3   4   3   2 
      or      
 7 2
The 2 points are  3, 1, 2 and  1, ,   .
 3 3

PJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q1

OP     1 a
OP  OB A M
OM 
2


   1 a  b
2 B
1 O Q
area of triangle OPM  OP  OM
2
1
    1 a 
   1 a  b
2 2


   1 a  b
4
1
area of triangle OQM  OQ  OM
2


1 3
b
   1 a  b
2 4 2
3    1
 ab
16
Ratio of the area of triangle OPM to the area of triangle OQM is
   1 : 3    1  4 : 3
(Shown)
4 16
RI Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q1
2 5  4
(i) OA   3  , OB   2  , OC   1 
 1  3  2 
     
Since M is the mid-point of AC,
2  4
 3  1 
 1  2 
1  
6
OM       4
2 2  3 
 

 5 2  3
AB   2    3    5 
 3   1  4 
     

 1 
1     
6 2 
AM  4  3   1 
2  3   1  1 
     2
Area of ABM
1
 AB  AM
2
 1 
1   
3 
 5   1 
2 4  1 
   2

1     1  
3 2 13
306 3 34
 5  2  11  
4  4   1  4  4  4 4
     
Or:
 5 2  3  4 2  2
AB  2  3  5 , AC   1    3    2 
     
 3   1  4   2   1  1 
           
Area of ABC
1
 AB  AC
2
1   
3 2
  5    2 
2  4   1 
   

1 13 
  11   306
2 4 2
 
306 3 34
Area of ABM = 12 Area of ABC = 
4 4
 2 3
l
(ii) AB : r   3     5  ,  
 1 4
   
Since point N is on the line AB,
2 3
ON   3     5  for some 
 1 4
   
 3  1 
 
MN   1  5 
 1  4 
 2 
For MN to be perpendicular to AB ,
MN . AB  0
 3  1   3 
 
 1  5  .  5   0
 1  4   4 
 2 
3

25

 2  3  3  1  59 
ON   3    5    60 
 1 25  4  25  13 
     

RI Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q4
(i)
0  3  1  3 
       
l1 : r   0     12  ,   l2 : r   4     1  ,  
1  4 1 4
       
 3   3 
Since  12  and  1  are not parallel, l1 and l2 are not parallel.
 
 4  4
   
If the two lines intersect, there will be a unique value of  and  for the system of equations
0  3   1   3 
       
 0     12    4     1 
1  4  1  4
       

3  3  1 (1)
12    4 (2)
4  4   0 (3)
Using GC, no solution of  and  exist. Hence, the lines do not intersect.
Hence, l1 and l2 are skew lines.
(ii)
 3   3   44   4
       
A normal to p   12    1    0   11 0 
 4   4   33   3
       
1  4
Since (1, 4, 1) lies on l2 which is on p,  4  .  0   7
1  3
   

Hence a cartesian equation for p is 4x  3z  7 .

(iii) (0, 0, 1) is a point on l1 .

 0 0  0
     
 a   0   a 
1 1  0
     

 0   3 
   
 a    12   4a   4
0  4 
    1   1   5
Distance from A to l1   0 a 0  a
 3  13   13   13
   3a   3
 12 
4
 

(1, 4, 1) is a point on p.

 0   1   1 
     
 a    4   a  4
1 1  0 
     

 1   4 
  
 a  4  . 0 
 0   3
   1 4
Distance from A to p   4 
 4 5 5
 
0
 3
 

Since the point A is equidistant to p and l1 ,

5 4
a 
13 5
52
a
25
RVHS Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q5
(i)
π
a c  4(1) cos  2
3
a c is the length of projection of a onto c

(ii)
 a  c   a  c   kb kb
a a  a c  c a  c c  k 2b b
a  2a c  c  k 2 b
2 2 2

16  2(2)  1  9k 2
13
k2 
9
13
k 
3
(iii)

1
MC  c
3

Area of triangle AMC

1
= AC  MC
2
1 1
= (c  a)  c
2 3
1
= cc  ac
6
1
= ac
6
1  
= a c sin  
6 3
1 3
= (4)(1)( )
6 2
3
=
3
RVHS Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q9
(i)
2  4
   
l :r   2    0,  
 3  1
   

Let  be the angle between the line l and the plane p1 .

 4   1
  
 0  . 1
 1   1
sin      
17 3

5

17 3
  44.4

(ii)

2  1
   
l AN : r   2    1 ,  
 3   1
   
 2     1
   
 2     1  16
 3    1
   
2    2    3    16
3  15
 5

Coordinates of N =  7,7, 2 
(iii)
Since N is the midpoint of A and B, using ratio theorem,
OA  OB
ON 
2
OB  2ON  OA
 7   2   12 
     
 2  7    2    12 
 2   3   7 
     
Coordinates of B = 12,12,7 
(iv)Let C be the point of intersection of the line l and the plane p1 .
 2  4  1
   
 2   1  16
 3    1
   
2  4  2  3    16
5  15
 3

14 
 
OC   2 
0
 
14  12   2 
     
BC   2   12    10 
 0   7   7 
     
14   2 
   
lBC : r   2   s  10  , s 
 0   7 
   

(v)

Since AN  BN ,
BN   2  7    2  7    3  2 
2 2 2

  5   5   5

2 2 2

 75units
=5 3units
SAJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q4
(i)Equation of plane is
1 1  2 
   
r  3   2    0  ,  ,  
     
 2   0 1
A normal vector to plane is
 1   2   2 
 2    0    1 
     
 0   1   4 
Hence vector equation of the plane is
 2  1   2  2

r 1  3     1  r  1   3

       
 4   2   4   4
 5   2 
(ii) l AC : r   2   s  1  , s 
   
 2   4
 5   2 
Thus OC   2   s  1  for some s  .
   
 2   4
Since C lies on the plane:
 5   2    2 
 2   s  1    1   3
      
 2   4    4 
2(  5+2s )+(2+s )  4(2  4s )  3
3
s
21
  3 
 2   21   5 
   
 37 
  3   1
Thus OC       2   13 
 
 
21  7
  10 
 4  3   2
  21  
   
(iii)
Using mid-point theorem
OA '  2OC  OA
 37   5   39 
2    1
 13  2  12 
7    7 
 10   2   6 
B is the point of intersection of l1 and  .
 BA '  OA '  OB
 39   1 
1
 12    3 
7   
 6   2 
 46 
1
 9 
7 
 20 
 39   46 
1
l2 : r  12   t  9  , t  or
7    
 6   20 
 1   46 
l2 : r   3   t  9  , t 
   
 2   20 

SRJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q6

TJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q6
1
 
(a) (i) Given: a  2 7 , b   2  and a  b  14
 3 
 
 a b cos AOB  14
 (2 7) 1  4  9 cos AOB  14
7 1
 cos AOB   
7 14 2
AOB  135
(ii) Length of projection of b on a

(iii) Let N be the foot of perpendicular from B to line OA.

a  b 14 a b 14
Length of projection, ON  aˆ  b    7=   7
a 2 7 a 2 7
a 1
Since AOB is an obtuse angle, ON   7   a
a 2
 p  1, q  q  4  q 4  q 2
2
(b) Given:
pq  2
 p q sin   2 where  is the angle between p and q
2
 sin   1
2
   90
Thus, p and q are perpendicular to each other (shown)

TJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q10

(i)
A(3,1,1)

P is a point on l with parameter t l

P
 1   2
   
OP   1   t  1  , t 
 1  1 
   
 1   2   3   2   2 
         
AP   1   t  1    1    0   t  1 
 1  1   1   2   1 
         
Let  be the acute angle between BP and l
 2  2   2    2 
        
AP   1   0   t  1     1 
1
   2   1    1 
Then, cos   
 2  2  2t   t 2   2  t  4  1  1
2 2

 
AP  1 
1
 
(4  2)  t (4  1  1) 6 t 1
 
4t 2  8t  4  t 2  t 2  4t  4 4  1  1 6 6t 2  12t  8
N is the closest point to A
when   90 .
6 t 1 A(3,1,1)
cos 90  0   t 1
6 6t 2  12t  8
 1   2  3 l
      N
Thus, ON   1    1    2 
 1   1   0 
     
(ii) Let A be the point of reflection of A in l
1
Using ratio theorem, ON  (OA  OA)
2
 3   3  3 
     
 OA  2ON  OA  2  2    1    3 
 0   1   1
     
Thus, the coordinate of A are (3,3,−1)

 1   2
   
(i) l : r   1   t 1 , t 
 1  1 
   
 1   0   1  0
  1    
L : x  1 , 2 y  z  2   i.e., L : r   0     2    0   m  1  , m
 2   1   2   2
       
At point of intersection of lines l and L:
 1   2   1  0
       
 1   t  1    0   m  1   t  1, m  0
 1  1   2   2
       
Since the point (−1, 0, −2) lies on both l and L, the two lines intersect and thus cannot be
skew lines.

 1  0
   
(ii) L : r   0   m  1 
 2   2
   
Let B be the point (−1,0,−2) on L.
 3   1   4 
     
BA   1    0    1 
 1   2   3 
     
Shortest distance from A to L
0
 
BA   1 
 2  4  0  1 
  1     1   1  64  16 9 5
  1  1   8  
0 1  4     5   5 5
   3  2  4
1
 2
 
TJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q4
Equation of line AB is r  a   (b  a) .
Equation of line DC is r  a   (2b  a) .
To find E, the point of intersection of lines AB and CD,
consider a   (b  a)  a   (2b  a)
 (1   )a  b  (1   )a  2 b
 (2     )a  (2   )b
2      0 (1)
Since a is not parallel to b, 
 2    0 (2)
Solving (1) and (2), we have   2 and   4
 OE  a  b  a)  3a  4b
 BE  OE  OB  3a  4b  b  3(b  a)  3 AB
BE
 3
AB
 3  1  3 
     
(i) OE  3a  4b   15    3  4   4b   15 
 5   3  5 
     
 3   1  0
     
 4b   15   3  4   b   34 
 5   3  1
     
 0  0
    3
a  b   4    34   4    3  0
 3  1 4
   
 OA and OB are perpendicular
 AC and BD are perpendicular
(as AC is parallel to OA and BD is parallel to OB)

 0   3   0  0
       
(ii) Equation of the plane p is r   3    15    3  , i.e. r   3   25
 4   5   4   4
       

(iii) Distance between the line AC and the plane p = distance of O from p
 3   0 
   
 15    3 
 5   4 
     5
32  42
TPJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q10
 2 1   1 
   
AA '   4  2    2 
 1  4   3 
   
1
 
Since AA '   2  = n1 ,
 3 
 
AA ' is parallel to the normal of p1 ,
and thus AA ' is perpendicular to p1 .

Alternative Method:
 1 2  1
   
Since A ' A   2  4     2  =  n1 ,
 4 1   3 
   
A ' A is parallel to the normal of p1 ,
and thus A ' A is perpendicular to p1

(ii) Since M is the midpoint of A and A ' :

 2   1    2 
3
 1     
OM   4    2     3 
2      
 1   4    5 
 2
3 5 Note:
Coordinates of M are  , 3,  .
2 2
3 5 Question asks for
Since  2(3)  3    6  6  0 , coordinates form.
2 2
M lies in p1 . (shown)
 1  
(iii)  
OB   2    for some   .
 4  2 
 
Since B lies on p1 , (1   )  2(2   )  3(4  2 )  0
7  7  0
  1
0
 
OB   3  Coordinates of B are  0, 3, 2  .
 2
 

Likewise for part (vi).

 BA A ' B
(iv)   cos 1 Note:
BA A ' B
You are expected to
 1   2  recognize that A ' B  BC .
  
 1  1 
2 1
 cos 1   
 6 6
1
 cos 1

 80.4 (1 d.p.)
Hence, acute angle between the line AB and p1
180  80.4

2
= 49.8 (1 d.p.)

(v) Possible cartesian equations of p2 :

 14  14
x  2 y  3z   or x  2 y  3z 
2 2

As incident ray AD varies, D is nearest to origin when OD is the shortest. Note that p1 contains
(vi) the origin.
 1 
 
AB   1    6
 2 
 
6
cos 49.8 
BD
6
 BD   3.79 units (3 s.f.)
cos 49.8

Let  be the required angle of inclination:

(vii cos 2 60  cos 2 45  cos 2   1
)
1 1
  cos 2   1
4 2
1
cos   
2
   60 (since  is acute)
TPJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q2
OA  a, OB  a  c, OC  c
Alternatively:
OX  OA  AX
5 By Ratio Theorem:
 OA  AC
2 2OX  3OA
OC 
5
 a  c  a
5
2 5OC  3OA
1 OX 
  5c  3a  2
2 1
OX   5c  3a 
By midpoint theorem: 2
OB  OX
ON 
2
1 1 
ON  a  c   5c  3a  
2 2 
1
  7c  a 
4
(ii) 1
Area of triangle OAB = OA  OB
2
1
4  a  a  c
2
1
 ac  a  a  0
2
 ac  8

1
Area of triangle OAN = OA  ON
2
1 1
 a   7c  a 
2 4
7
 ac  a  a  0
8
7
 8
8
 7 square units
(iii) AN
OA  is the length of perpendicular from O to AN.
AN

Alternative answer:
AN
OA  is the shortest distance from O to AN.
AN
 AN
OA  is the area of a parallelogram formed with vector OA and unit vector AN as its
AN
adjacent sides. (Not recommended here)

Area of triangle OAN  7

1 AN
OA  AN  7
2 AN
AN 14
OA  
AN AN
14

ON  OA
14

1
 7c  a   a
4
56
 (shown)
7c  5a

VJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q11

1 1
   
r   2   0, 
 3 1
   

 1   1
  
 0  . 1
(i)  1   1
cos      
2 3
  35.3 o

  90  35.3
 54.7

(ii) Intersection of light beam with reflective surface:

 1   1    1
     
 2     0   .  1   4
 3   1    1
   
6  2  4
  1
Coordinates of point of intersection =  0, 2, 2  .
(iii) Let F be the foot of perpendicular from device to normal line and A be the point 1, 2, 3 :

B  0, 2, 2 

A'
A 1, 2, 3 F


   
BF   BA  nˆ  nˆ
 
  1  0  1  1
     
  2  2  . 1   1
  3  2  1  1
 
 3  3
 
 
 
1
2 
 1
3 
1
Using Ratio Theorem,

 


 BA  BA '
BF 
2
 1  1  1

 4    1 
BA '  1   0    4 
3    3 
 1  1  1
Equation of reflected light path:
0 1
   
r   2   4, 
 2 1
   
VJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q2


OC  a  b


 

(i) Length of projection of OC onto OA
  a  b   aˆ
 a  aˆ  b  aˆ  a  a  b  a a  aˆ
 2 
 a  b a cos   
2

 3 
1
 1 4 
2
3

(ii)  a  b  d  0    1
   1  0     2
Sub (2) into (1):  1    a  b  d  0
 b  a   a  d

 

 AB  DA
Since AB // DA and A is a common point,
A , B and D are collinear

Given   4 , d  5a  4b
Area of triangle OBD
1
 bd
2
1
 b   5a  4b 
2
1
 5b  a  4b  b
2
5
 ba  b  b  0
2
5
 ab
2
5
k 
2
YJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q3
2 1
OP  a OQ  b
5 3
12 1 
OM   a  b 
25 3 
Area of triangle OMP
1 12 1  2
   a  b a
2 25 3  5
1  1 1  2
  5 a  6 b 5 a
2  
1 2 1
 aa  ba
2 25 15
1 1
 ba
2 15
1
 a  b
30
1
 ab
30

YJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q5

(i) If p1 and p2 meet at l , then m is perpendicular to n2 .
 4  m
   
m n2  0   1  n0
1 2
   
4m  n  2

Since  2,  0.5, 0  lies on p2 ,

2m  0.5n  1
m=0
n= − 2

(ii) Let  be the acute angle between p1 and p2 .

 1  1
  
 4   2 
 8   2
  
cos  
1  16  64 1  4  4
1

3
Therefore   70.5
 (iii) Let B  1, b, 5 .
Observe A1  4, 0, 0  lies on p1
 1   4   3 
     
A1 B   b    0    b 
5 0  5 
     
 3   1 
   
 b    4 
 5   8  37  4b
   
Shortest distance of B from p1  
1  16  64 9

Observe A2 1, 0, 0  lies on p2

1 1 0
     
A2 B   b    0    b 
5 0  5
     
0 1
   
b  2
 5   2  10  2b
   
Shortest distance of B from p1  
1 4  4 3
37  4b 2b  10 37  4b 2b  10
 or 
9 3 9 3
7 67
b b
10 2

ACJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q4

(a)(i)
d  cos 60i  cos 60 j  cos  k
cos 2 60  cos 2 60  cos 2   1
 cos 2   1  14  14  1
2

 cos   1
2
  is acute 
d  12 i  12 j  1
2
k // i  j  2k
(a)(ii)
2  1 
   
m : r  1    1 
 
0  2
   
 2   1   3  1    1   1   1 
             
  1     1    2     1   0    3     1     1   0
  0   2   0    2    0   2   2 
          
2
 (1  3)   (12  12  2 )  0    1
2  1   3 
   
Therefore position vector of point is  1    1    0 
 
0    
   2  2
Coordinates = 3,0, 2  
OR
 3  2   1   1 
     
  2   1  1 

 1 
 1 


   
  0   0      
     2 
AN  AP  d d  11 2
 1 
 2
11 2
 2
 
2  1   3 
   
 ON  OA  AN   1    1  0 
 
0    
   2  2
(b)
a 2
x  a y 1  
   l :r  1   b 
z
l: 
   
2 b 2 0  2 
   
   
2 1
 b    2   0  2  2b  4  0  b  1
   
 2   2 
   
a 1
 1  2  5  a  2  5  a  3
   
 0  2
   
(b)(i)
p2 perpendicular to p1  n1 // p2
 3 2 1
   
p2 : r  1   1    2 
     
0  2   2
     
 2  1  6   2 
 1    2    6  //  2 
       
 2   2   3   1 
       
 2   3  2 
p2 : r   2    1  2   4
    
 1   0  1 
    
(b)(ii)
  x  3  1   x  3  2 
1     1    
y 1  2  y  1  2
9        
   9    
 z   2  z  1
x  3  2( y  1)  2 z  2( x  3)  2( y  1)  z
 x  2 y  2z  5  2x  2 y  z  4
 x  4 y  z  1
or
 x  2 y  2 z  5  (2 x  2 y  z  4)
 3x  3z  9  x  z  3

AJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q9

a  b  . a  b   a.a  2a.b  b.b
Since  a  b  .  a  b   a  b
2

and given a  b  a  b
2 2 2

 a.a  2a.b  b.b  a  b

2 2

a  2a.b  b  a  b
2 2 2 2

2a.b  0
a.b  0
 ab
(ii) 4b  a 1 4
Using ratio theorem, OC   a b.
5 5 5
 
Length of projection of OC onto OA
OC OA

OA

1 4  1 4
 a  b a a a b a
 5 5  5 5
 
a a
1 2 4
a  ba
5 5 1
  a (since a  b)
a 5
(iii) |cf| denotes twice the area of the triangle COF.
(iv)  cos 3t   sin t 
  
OX OY   sin 3t   cos t   cos 3t sin t  sin 3t cos t  1  sin(4t )  1
 1   2 
 2  
 OX OY sin 4t  1
cos XOY  
OX OY 1
cos 2 3t  sin 2 3t  sin 2 t  cos 2 t  4
4
sin 4t  1

5
5
4
2
 (sin 4t  1)
5
Maximum XOY occurs when is most negative. i.e. when sin 4t  1 .
At that value of t,
2 4
cos XOY  (1  1)  
5 5
 4
 XOY  cos 1     143.1
 5

IJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q10

(i)
 0   1   1 

     
AB   0    2    2 
 2  2  0 
     
1 1 0 1
       
l AB : r   2     2  or r   0     2  ,   or equivalent
 2 0  2 0
       

(ii)
1 1
   
 2  0
0 1
    1
sin   
5 2 10
  18.4

(iii)
Let m be a vector perpendicular to the plane containing the light ray and n .

 1   1   2   1   1   2 

     
m  n  AB   0    2    1  or  0    2    1 
     
 1   0   2  1 0  2 
           
   23   1
   
 p 0
 
1  q   1 2
cos 45     q 1
2 2 3
1
q
3
  23    23 
 2
     
 p m   1   0
 p 
 q  1 2 
   3 
4 2 2
  p 0  p
3 3 3

(iv)
Glass upper surface is x  z  2
4
Glass bottom surface is 3x  3z  4  x  z  
3

 4
2 
 3 10 5 2
Distance between two planes   
2 3 2 3
5 2
Thickness of the glass object is cm
3

(v)
Let the point at which the light ray leaves the glass object be F.
Method 1:
0  2  0   23 
       
lBF : r   0     2  or r   0      23 
 2 1  2 1
       3
At F,
 0    3   3 
2
 0   2   3     2   
      OR  0      3    0   4
 0     2    0   4  2    1    3 
 2   1   3     3 
   
6    2  1  4
6    6  3  4
10
10  
  3
9
The coordinates of F are
 20 20 8 
 ,  , 
 9 9 9

Method 2:
 5 2
 5 2 10
cos 45  3
BF
 BF   2
3 3
(or using Pythagoras’ theorem)
 2   2
 10  32  10  
BF    3    2
3  1 9  
3 1
 2 0  20 
 10     1  
OF    2    0    20 
9     9 
1  2  8 
 20 20 8 
The coordinates of F are   ,  , 
 9 9 9

JJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q6

U

P
G N

V
M
W
(i)
UW  UV
By Ratio Theorem, UM =
2
w u  v u
=
2
1
=  v  w  2u  (Shown)
2

(ii) Vector equation of line UM is r  u    w  v  2u  ,  

VW  VU
VN =
2
w  v+u v 1
= =  w + u  2v 
2 2
Vector equation of line VN is r  v    w + u  2v  ,  
At point of intersection G,
u    w  v  2u  = v    w + u  2v 
For u: 1  2 = 
For w:  = 
 1
Solving,  = = 
3
1 1
OG = u   w  v  2u  =  u  v  w  (Shown)
3 3
1 0 0
     
(iii) u   0  , v   1  , w   0 
0 0 1
     
 1   0   0    13 
1         1 
OG =  0    1    0     3 
3       1
 0   0   1    3 

1 1
OG = 3 2  
3  3
1 1 1
3 3 3 1 1 1
Direction cosines of OG are , , , i.e., , ,
1
3
1
3
1
3
3 3 3

NJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q1

(i)Method 1
p.q = 0
p.q = 0
 2   
  
   . 1   0
1 6
  
2    6  0
  2
Method 2 (for marking reference)
 x
 
Let w   y  .
z
 
wp  q
 x   2   
     
 y       1 
z 1 6
     
 y   z   
   
 2z  x    1 
 x  2 y   6 
   
Thus,
y   z   ------(1)
2 z  x  1 ------(2)
 x  2 y  6 ------(3)
(2)    (3) :
2 z  2 y    6
 2  z  y     6
 2       6  from (1) 
   2
 x
 
(ii)Let w   y  . w  p  q
z
 
 x   2   2 
     
 y    2    1 
z  1   6 
     
 y  2 z   2 
   
 2z  x    1 
 2 x  2 y   6 
   

y  2 z  2 ------(1)
2 z  x  1 ------(2)
2 x  2 y  6 ------(3)

Let z   ,   .
From (2): x  1  2
From (1): y  2  2  y  2  2

 x   1  2   1   2
       
Thus, w   y    2  2    2     2  ,   , which is the vector equation of the straight
z     0  1
       
line. The set of vectors is
  1   2 
     
w : w   2     2  ,   
  0 1 
     
RI Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q11
(i)
 20  0
   
OP   4  , OV   0 
 0  2h 
   
 20   10 
   
PV   4   2  2 
 2h   h 
   
Vector equation of the line depicting the path of the light ray from P to V is

 20   10 
   
r   4     2  ,  
 0  h 
   
1
(ii) r.  0   
0
 
 20   10 
   
r   4     2  ,  
 0  h 
   

 20  10   1 
  
 4  2  .  0   
 h   0 
  
20  
20  10     
10
For shadow of the pyramid cast on the screen to not exceed the height of the screen,
 20   
length of shadow,  h    h  35
 10 
350
h since  <  4 implies 20    0
20  

(iii) Given that h = 10

 4 0  4 
     
OB   4  , OV   0   BV   4 
 0  20   20 
     
Length of the shadow cast by edge VB
 4   1   0
=  4    0  =   20   416  4 26
   
 20   0   4 
     
 (iv)
 4 0
   
OC   4  , OV   0  ,
0  20 
   
 4  1
   
 CV   4   4  1 
 20   5 
   
 4   1
   
BV   4   4  1 
 20  5
   
 1   1 10  5
       
A vector normal to plane VBC is  1    1    0   2  0 
 5   5   2  1
       

Vector equation of the plane VBC is

5  0  5  5
      
r.  0    0  .  0   r.  0   20
 1   20   1  1
      

Angle of inclination made by the mirror with the ground

 0  5
  
 0  . 0 
  
1  1   1  1
is cos  cos 1  78.7 (correct to 1 d.p.)
1 25  1 26

SAJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q5

(i)
Since u  v  w is perpendicular to u  v  w ,
u  v  w   u  v  w   0
u u  u  v  u  w
v u  v  v  v  w
w  u  w  v  w  w  0

Since u  u  u , v  v  v , w  w  w , and u  v  v  u, u  w  w  u, v  w  w  v ,
2 2 2

u  v  w  2v  w  0
2 2 2
Since u, v, w are unit vectors, u  1, v  1, w  1 ,
1 1 1  2v  w  0
1
vw 
2
1
v w cos  
2
1
cos  
2
Hence,   60 

(ii)

O V

Area of OVW
1 
   OV  OW  sin 60 
2 
1  3
   11  
2  2 
3
 units 2
4
(iii)

O V

Since u and v  w are parallel, we have OU  OV , OU  OW .

Volume of OUVW
1
  Area of OVW  OU 
3
1 3 
   1
3  4 
3
 units3
12
SAJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q11
(i)
0 0  10 
     
OP   5  OQ   10  OR   10 
 30   15   30 
     

0 0  0   10   0   10 

           
PQ  OQ  OP  10    5    5  PR  OR  OP   10    5    5 
 15   30   15   30   30   0 
           
(ii)
A normal to p

 0   2   3 
     
 1  1   6
 3   0   2 
     

Equation of plane

 3  0   3
     
r   6   10    6 
 2   15   2 
     
 3
 
r   6   90
 2
 
3x  6 y  2 z  90

Or any equivalent equation of plane

(iii)
0
A normal to the plane EFGH =  0 
1
 
(or any equivalent vector)

 0  3
   
 0  6
1  2
    2
cos  
1 9  36  4 49

  73.40
(iv)
 
 0   10    5 
1 1      
OS  OQ  OR   10    10   =  10 
2 2   
 15   30    1
 22 
 2

 
 5   0 
   
4  10    5 
 1   30 
 22   
OT   2 
4 1
 20   4 
1   
=  45    9 
5   
 120   24 
Hence the coordinates of T are (4, 9, 24) .
(v)
Equation of the drill line
 4   3
   
r   9    6 ,   .
 24   2
   
(vi)
Shortlist the possible planes:
ODGC, GCBF, OABC
Equation of Plane ODGC
0
 
r 1  0
0
 
Equation of Plane OABC
0
 
r 0  0
1
 
Equation of Plane GCBF
1
 
r  0   20
0
 

If the line of the drill exits from the cuboid, all of the following conditions must be satisfied:

20  x  0; 0  y  10; 0  z  30 .
The intersection of plane ODGC
 4  3   0 
  
 9  6   1   0
 24  2   0 
  
9  6  0
3

2

  3 
 4  3   2    17 
    
2
  3   
Position vector is  9  6       0 
  2  
21 
  3   
 24  2      
  2 
 17 
Hence the point of intersection has coordinates   , 0, 21 .
 2 
Hence the drill line will exit from the side ODGC.

The intersection of plane OABC

 4  3   0 
  
 9  6   0   0
 24  2   1 
  
24  2  0
  12

 4  3  12    40 
 
Position vector is  9  6  12     63 
 24  2  12    0 
   
Hence the point of intersection has coordinates  40,  63, 0  .
Hence the drill line will not exit from the side OABC.

The intersection of plane GCBF

1
 
r  0   20
0
 
  4  3   1 
  
 9  6   0   20
 24  2   0 
  
4  3  20
16

3

  16  
 4  3   3    
   
20 
  16    
Position vector is  9  6       23 
  3 
40 
  16    
 24  2      3 
  3 
 40 
Hence the point of intersection has coordinates  20,  23,  .
 3 
Hence the drill line will not exit from the side GCBF.

SRJC Prelim 9758/2017/02/Q4

1  2
   
(i) l1 : r   1     0  ,  
0 1
   
 0   1  1   0   1   1   0  0  0 
                 
AB   0    1    1 ; AC   3    1    2  ; BC   3    0    3 
 2  0   2   3   0   3   3   2   5 
                 
 1   1   1
     
A normal to the plane is:  1   2    5 
 2   3   3 
     
 1  0   1
     
r  5    0  5   6
 3   2  3 
     
Thus an equation for 1 is  x  5 y  3z  6 . (shown)
(ii) Let N be the point of intersection between the line and the plane.
 1  2 
 
ON   1  for some  
  
 
1  2   1
   
Since N lies on the plane,  1    5   6    2 .
   3
   
Thus, coordinates of N are (5, 1, 2).
(iii) Let the foot of the perpendicular from P to the plane be denoted by F.
1  1 
   
lPF : r   1     5  ,  
0 3
   
 1  
 
Since F lies on lPF , OF   1  5  for some  
 3 
 
 1     1
   
Since F lies on the plane, 1  5    5   6
 3   3 
   
 33 35 
2  
Solving,   , OF   9 7 
35 6 
 35 
Let the reflection of point P in the mirror be P’.
 31 35 
 
By the midpoint theorem, OP '  2OF  OP   11 7 
 12 
 35 
 5   31 35   144 35   72 
   11   4  2  
A direction vector for the reflected line is  1    7     7    10 
 2   12   58  35  29 
   35   35   

5  72 
   
Thus, an equation of the reflected line is: l1 : r   1     10  ,  
 2  29 
   
 2   1
    2
Since l2 is parallel to 1 ,  0    5   0   
   3  3
   
 0   1   1 
     
 0         
 2  2   0 
     
 1   1
   
     5 
 0  3
,      14
14
Since the distance is
35 35 35

13
1  5  14 Solving,    (rejected) or   3
5
YJC Prelim 9758/2017/01/Q12
(i) Let  be the acute angle between the plane and the incident beam.
 1   1
  
 2  2 
1  3 
  
sin  
1 4 1 1 4  9
6

84
Therefore   40.9

(ii) Let F be the foot of the perpendicular from O to the plane.

 1
 
OF    2  , for some  
3
 
 1
 
F is on plane  OF  2   12
3
 
 1  1
  
   2   2   12
33
  
14  12
6

7
 1 
12  
OO '   2 
7 
3
1
 
OP    2  , for some  
1
 
 1
 
P is on plane  OP  2   12
3
 
 1   1
  
   2   2   12
1  3 
  
6   12
2
  2
 
OP   4 
 2
 
 13 
2 
O 'P   2 
7 
 11
 2  13 
   
Hence l : r   4     2  ,  
 2  11
   

(iii) Let B   3,1, 0  .

Shortest distance of B from incident beam
 3  1  1 
     
 1    2   3 
0 1  5 
      35
   2
1 4 1 6 6

 3  2  1 
     
PB   1    4    3 
 0   2   2 
     

Shortest distance of B from reflected beam

 1   13   37 
     
 3    2   15 
 2   11  41 
      3275
   2
169  4  121 294 294

Hence sensor will not work properly.