Modes of Communication
➢ Mass communication occurs when
a. Verbal Communication
o It means communicating with words,
written or spoken. Verbal
communication consists of speaking,
listening, reading and writing.
b. Non-Verbal Communication
o Nonverbal communication includes
all unwritten and unspoken
messages. It is both intentional and
unintentional.
Kinesics
➢ science of communication with gestures
Semiotics
➢ science of symbols and semaphore language
Levels of Communication
Intrapersonal Communication
➢ The type of communication a person has
with himself, thus the prefix "intra-" which
means within.
➢ As soon as a human being awakens, he
begins an internal thought process and
dialogue, almost always silent, but
sometimes aloud.
Interpersonal Communication
➢ Interpersonal communication takes place
between two people.
➢ This type of communication varies
depending on the relationship between the
two individuals.
Group Communication
➢ Group communication occurs when three or
more individuals, who have a common goal,
interact either formally or informally.
Public Communication
➢ Public communication takes place when one
or more individuals communicate with a
large group
Mass Communication
extremely large groups receive information,
like a television audience watching a news
broadcast, as well as the intermittent
commercial advertising.
Extra Personal Communication
➢ Communication between human beings and
non-human entities is called as extra
personal communication.
➢ For e.g. Your parrot responding your
greeting.
➢ In this type of communication understanding
is required sender and receiver.
➢ Receiver responds in sign language
Transpersonal Communication
➢ A communication that occurs between a
person and spirits, ancestors, or other divine
entities.
5 Elements of Communication Process
1. Context
2. Sender
3. Message
4. Delivery System
5. Receiver
Context
a. Physical Context
o setting which includes where and
when will the communication occur.
b. Social Context
o relationship between communicators
and interlocutors.
c. Cultural Context
o group customary at looking at the
world and judging a behavior.
Sender
➢ the person who talks/speaks
Message
➢ the idea being shared.
Delivery System
Methods of transferring the idea.
A. Reading from the manuscript
o copy-reference delivery.
B. Memory method
o studied and rehearsed delivery.
C. Extemporaneous method
o minimal preparations before
delivery.
D. Impromptu
o Instant, candid, and spontaneous
delivery.
Business Meeting
Business meeting
➢ is a gathering of two or more people for the
purpose of making decisions or discussing
company objectives and operations.
➢ Business meetings are generally conducted
in person in an office, however with the rise
of video conferencing technologies,
participants can join a business
meeting from anywhere.
Effective meetings
➢ are gatherings in which the agenda is clearly
defined, the meeting is carefully structured
and the participants arrive organized and
prepared for the event.
5 General Types of Meetings
1. Status Update Meetings
2. Decision-Making Meetings
3. Problem-Solving Meetings
4. Team-Building Meetings
5. Innovation Meetings
Status Update Meetings
➢ This is initially intended to share updates on
the latest projects and make sure everyone
on the team is on the same page about the
process of the project.
Decision-Making Meetings
➢ Managers generally have the final say, the
discussions around important business
decisions often occur in larger groups.
➢ Smaller decisions may be made in status
update meetings, but important ones will
command their own dedicated meeting
times.
Problem-Solving Meetings
➢ Problem-solving meetings have a specific
goal in mind.
➢ These meetings may be based on
emergencies that need to be resolved
quickly.
➢ These meetings give colleagues the chance
to brainstorm, evaluate solutions and solve
the problem at hand.
Team-Building Meetings
➢ These meetings can be corporate events or
outings for the team, department or entire
company and can serve to generate some
employee loyalty and engagement.
➢ They are the perfect opportunity to
encourage employees to mingle and create
more personal relationships that can aid the
progress and growth of the organization.
Innovation Meetings
➢ Innovation meetings can sound obscure to
attendees, but they are essential to making
sure your company continues to move
forward rather than retaining the same
operating protocols year after year because
they provide the organization a chance to try
something new.
Principles of effective meeting according to
Crenshaw:
• Meetings shall have a meeting leader.
• All meetings should have a stated purpose.
• Meetings should be shorter, instead of
longer.
• Meetings shall have an agenda.
• Participants shall come prepared to
the meeting.
How to Handle Conflict in the Workplace?
1. Talk with the other person
Ask the other person to name a time when it would
be convenient to meet.
Arrange to meet in a place where you won't be
interrupted.
2. Focus on behavior and events, not on
personalities.
Say “When this happens …” instead of
“When you do …”
Describe a specific instance or event
instead of generalizing.
3. Listen carefully
Listen to what the other person is saying instead of
getting ready to react.
Avoid interrupting the other person.
After the other person finishes speaking, rephrase
what was said to make sure you understand it.
Ask questions to clarify your understanding.
4. Identify points of agreement and
disagreement.
Summarize the areas of agreement and
disagreement.
Ask the other person if he or she agrees with your
assessment.
Modify your assessment until both of you agree
on the areas of conflict.
5. Prioritize the areas of conflict
Discuss which areas of conflict are most
important to each of you to resolve.
6. Develop a plan to work on each conflict
Start with the most important conflict.
Focus on the future.
Set up future meeting times to continue your
discussions.
 7. Follow through on your plan.
Stick with the discussions until you’ve worked
through each area of conflict.
Maintain a collaborative, “let’s-work-out-a-
solution” attitude.
8. Build on your success.
Look for opportunities to point out progress.
Compliment the other person’s insights and
achievements.
Congratulate each other when you make progress,
even if it’s just a small step.
Your hard work will pay off when scheduled
discussions eventually give way to ongoing,
friendly communication.
What causes conflict in a meeting?
1. Power struggles
2. Personality issues
Conflict can arise when individuals or groups
dislike one-another, or feel that their positions are
being threatened.
This type of conflict tends to be more about people's
personalities than about "facts" or decisions being
made.
What Are the Five Conflict Resolution Strategies?
• The Thomas-Kilmann Model identifies five
different approaches to resolving conflict
1. Avoiding
Someone who uses a strategy of "avoiding"
mostly tries to ignore or sidestep the
conflict, hoping it will resolve itself or
dissipate.
2. Accommodating
Using the strategy of "accommodating" to
resolve conflict essentially involves taking
steps to satisfy the other party's concerns or
demands at the expense of your own needs
or desires.
3. Compromising
The strategy of "compromising" involves
finding an acceptable resolution that will
partly, but not entirely, satisfy the concerns
of all parties involved.
4. Competing
Someone who uses the conflict resolution
strategy of "competing" tries to satisfy their
own desires at the expense of the other
parties involved.
5. Collaborating
Using "collaborating" involves finding a
solution that entirely satisfies the concerns
of all involved parties.
The Thomas-Kilmann model identifies two
dimensions people fall into when choosing a
conflict resolution strategy:
1. Assertiveness
o involves taking action to satisfy your
own needs.
2. Cooperativeness
o involves taking action to satisfy the
other's needs.
Improving Your Ability to Resolve Conflict
• Listen effectively.
• Identify specific points of disagreement.
• Express your own needs clearly.
• View conflict as an opportunity for growth.
• Focus on specific issues without
generalizing or escalating the situation.
What are the methods of resolving conflict?
1. Negotiation,
2. Mediation
3. Arbitration

It is often called ADR or alternative dispute

resolution

• Whether you are involved in a family or

neighbourhood dispute or a lawsuit
involving thousands of dollars, these
processes should be considered.

5 Main Causes for Conflict

1. Misunderstandings
2. Poor communication
3. Lack of planning
4. Poor staff selection
5. Frustration, stress and burnout

How do you end a business meeting? (Best Way

to End a Meeting)
1. End on a positive note. Even if there has
been tension and difference of opinion,
strive to end the meeting harmoniously.

2. Wind down before the scheduled end time.

3. Reiterate its overall objective.

4. Connect with the participants one last time.

5. Schedule follow-up plans.