• \·

3 --.~ ~.
( lrakurri eta ulertu lt
HAB[ - IKASBIL

E::aa=a::::t,- ,~

Zer egin behar da hizkuntza bat

bizirik eta osasuntsu mantentzeko?
David Crystal idazlea, editorea, irakaslea eta aurkezlea
da, eta etxetik egiten dau behar. Ehun liburu inguru
idatzi dauz, eta 20 urte daroaz desagertzeko arriskuan
dagozan hizkuntzak aztertzen. Euskerearen egoerea ere
aztertu dau, eta, haren ustez, hainbat daturen arabera,
euskerearen agertokia baikorra da. Halan ere, uste dau
ez dogula lozorroan gelditu behar, hizkuntza baten arra-
kastea hurrengo belaunaldien barruan dagoalako, eta,
zoritxarrez, belaunaldi bakar baten galdu daitekealako.
Hizkuntzak hilzorian
1995ean, UNESCOk desagertzeko arriskuan egozan hiz-
kuntzen inguruko erakunde bat sortu eban, eta erakun-
dearen kalkuluen arabera, hamabost egunez behin,
hizkuntza bat hilten da, eta mende honetan munduko
hizkuntzen erdiak, 3.000 hizkuntza inguru, desagertu
egingo dira.
Zergaitik kezkatu, ostera?
Hasteko, mundu guztian dagoan kezkea dalako. Gu eus-
kaldunok, beharbada, gitxi batzuk baino ez gara, baina
Etorkizuna nerabeen eskuetan dago
Hizkuntzaren etorkizuna nerabeen eskuetan dago, bes-
teak beste, gero, guraso izango diralako. Kontua da,
ostera, lnterneten 1.500 hizkuntza baino gehiago dago- 11
zan arren (eta tartean euskerea ere badagoan arren), LJ
nerabeei gustatzen jakezan lnterneteko lekuetan ez
dagoala euskerarik. Horregaitik, gomendioa, hori alda-
tzea litzateke, hain zuzen ere, euskeraz gero eta sare
sozial gehiago behar doguzalako.
Euskerea lnterneten sartu behar dogu. Baina hori egite-
rakoan, argi izan behar dogu hizkuntza aldatu egingo
dala, hizkuntza ezin dalako kontrolatu (Internet ere ezin
da kontrolatu). Gainera, ez dogu ahaztu behar arrakas-
tea daukien hizkuntza guztiek tradizinoa eta moderni-
tatea uztartuta daukiela. Hartu daigun ingelesa: mun-
duko hizkuntzarik arrakastatsuena da, eta berben °10 80
beste hizkuntza batzuetatik mailegatutakoak daukaz.
Gogoratu daigun, orduan, arrakastea daukan hizkuntzak

milioika pertsona dagoz gure planetako hizkuntzen esaten dau : "egin nigaz gura dozuena, baina bizirik

krisiagaitik kezkatuta. Mundu osoan hedatu da plane- iraun gura dot''.

tearen etorkizunaren edota hainbat espezieren galerea- www.ikasbil.net ..
ren kezkea. Gauza berbera gertatzen da hizkuntzakaz. (laburtua eta egokitua) •

1 Ulertu dozu testua? Adierazo, egia (E) ala guzurra (G) idatziz.

a David Crystalek hainbat lanbide daukaz, besteak beste, idazlea, editorea, irakaslea eta itzultzailea dalako. O
b Antza danez, euskarearen egoerea baikorra da, baina, Daviden ustez, ez dogu lo hartu behar. O
e Edozein hizkuntza bizirik eta osasuntsu mantentzeko, Internet asko erabili behar da. O
d Euskerea bizirik eta osasuntsu mantentzeko, egin behar doguna da: euskerea erabili,
euskerea lnterneten sartu eta hizkuntza aldatu egingo dala onartu. O
 ..
• • •

2 Erantzun honango itaun honeei.

a Zergaitik desagertzen ete dira hizkuntzak? ldatzi bi edo hiru arrazoi.
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b Euskerea desagertuko balitz, zure bizimodua zertan aldatuko litzateke? Pentsatu, eta azaldu.
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e Euskereak lnterneten nahikoa indar badaukala uste dozu?

.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

d Ados zagoz testuko azkenengo esaldiagaz? Zergaitik?

• • • •••• ••• •••••••• • • •• • •••• • • •••••••••••oo•••• • ••• • •••"••••••• •• •• •• • • ••• • .. •• .. • .. ••• ••••••••• • •• • • • •• • • • ••••• • ••• .. • .. •• .. • .. • .. ••• • •••••••••• • • •• •• • • .. • .. ••• •••••••••••• •• • • • •••• •••• • •• • •• • • • ••••••••"••• • • • "•'• •

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3 Berridatzi esaldiak, sinonimoak edota antzerako esanahidun berbak erabilita.

a Hizkuntza batzuk desagertzeko arriskuan dagoz.
.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

b Euskerearen agertokia baikorra ei da.

4 ldatzi marrazki bakotxari jagokon esamoldea azpian, eta, gero, osotu esaldiak.

zirti-zarta kili-kolo ti pi-tapa txipli-txapla pil-pil

barra-barra dilin-dalan mara-mara krisk-krask ñir-ñir
\../ ----
ú' é7
0 oº º 0
c7 ¿;;' :- ¿;J o o
~ C7 et e, o
¿J ¿;J c1 ¿;J
ó' ú' ,,._

1 ........................... ............ . 2 •••••••• • ••OO•••••••••••••• • •• • ••••••••• 3 •••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••• 4 ....................................... .

a ............................................................ , astiro-astiro mendi puntara joan ginan.

b Atzo euria ........................................................... egin eban.
e Neskatoa putzuetan ....................................................... .... ibili zan.

d Gaur edurra .. ... ..... .... .......... .................................... da .

Aditz.::1 gauza bat atzo
nik

1 Margotu erdiko aditzari jagokozan laukiak, eta idatzi esaldi bana. 0 harek
guk
ekarri nebazan
gauza asko
orain
bihar

a ························ .. ··································· .. ·····················•······•··················· .. ··

gauza bat iaz
gu
b .................................................................................................................. . etorri ginan ora in
ha
e .................................................................................................................. . hareek gauza batzuk bihar

gauza bat gero

d ......................................................... ························..······ .. ···................... gu

e ····················································•·· ··············•······•······•··········•··················" 0 zu
zuek
heldu zarie
gauza batzuk
orain
atzo

2 Berridatzi orain esaldiak, denporea aldatuta.

zuk ga uza bat harainegun

a ................................................ .............. ............................. ........................ @ guk eroango doguz orain

bihar
nik gauza batzuk
b .................................................................................................................. .
nik gauza bat atzo
e ........................................................ .......................................................... .
d .................................................................................................................. .
0 hareek
harek
esan dabe
gauza batzuk
lehen

gero

e ...................................................................................................................

3 Osotu esaldiak, irudietan agertzen dana idatziz eta aditz egokiak aukeratuz.

eukiko bazendu izango bagina eukiko baleu jokatuko leuke

margotuko geunkez irakurri egingo zeunke

f.
a Ni izango banintz joango nintzateke.

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b Zuk ······································· ~ ·······································

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e Gu

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d Kepak

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4 Adierazo zein kasutan dagozan azpimarratutako berbak.
a Gizonek freskagarriak ekarri dabez.
gizonek: NORK plurala
freskagarriak: NOR plurala
b Mutilak lagunarentzat erosi dauz bonboiak.
mutilak:
lagunarentzat:
e Lapurren txakurra umeakaz joan da.
!apurren: ...... .. ............................... . txakurra:
d Arrantzaleari arrainak alde egin deutso.
arrantzaleari: ................ ....................... . arrainak:
e Bizardunaren txamarreari botoia jausi jako.
bizardunaren: ................................ ........ txamarreari:
5 Osotu esaldiak, berba egokia aukeratuz.

a ................................ .. ez jake gustatzen bustitea.

katuei katuari
b Mirenen .................................. aita eskaileretan behera jausi da.
senarren senarraren

e ................ ................ .. larregi berba egiten dabe.

hiztunak hiztunek
d lkasle ................ .................. dira baloi horreek.
guztiarentzat guztientzat
e Nire ................ .................. bizi naz orain, eta oso gustura nago.
aititakaz aitita-amamagaz

f; Qsotu esaldiak, berba honeek erabiliz: barriz, ordea, baina, astera.

a Txikitan, sarri joaten nintzan zirkura; ................................................................. ................. ................................

.......................
b Zuk babak eskatu dozuz; ................................ ................ ................. ................................................ ................
.................. .
e Nire lagunik onena gozozale amorratua da; ........ ................ ................ ........................................... ................
....................... .
d Zinemara joatekoa nintzan; ................................................. ................................. ................................................
....................... .
7 ldatzi zuzen.

a Da polita!
b Ya ke ta berandu dan, gelditu hemen.
e Aber irabazten dogun !
.-.-
■:, (
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Ortografia

1 Osotu testuak, behar diran marrak idatziz.

~.
Txisteak
A testua

Nagusia baserrian sartzen da, eta itauntzen deutso morroiari:

Erosleren bat agertu da?
Bai,jauna! Patxiren semea ... Asto bat ikusi gura ebala esan deust erantzun deutso morroiak.
Eta zer erantzun deutsazu?
Ez zengozala etxean.

B testua
Zoro bi putzu baten inguruan ebilzan. Bietako batek erlojua hartu
eta putzura botaten dau. Besteak, orduan, itauntzen deutso:
Zergaitik bota dozu erlojua uretara?
uger egiten ete dauan ikusteko erantzuten deutso besteak.
eta emon deutsazu kordea, bota aurretik?
Eeez!
Orduan, zelan egingo dau, ba, uger!

2 Aukeratu txiste bat, eta berridatzi, alkarrizketa marrak erabiliz.

Lazkao Txikiren pasadizoak
A testua
Behin halan esan ei eban Lazkao Txikik, ezagutzen ebala azkenengo berrogeita hamar ]
urtean ia hilda egoan pertsona bat Lazkaon. Zein? Zein? itaundu eutsan beste bertsolari
[ batek. Kasilda, mutil, Kasilda! (Kasi hil da) erantzun eutsan.

B testua
Behin Nafarroako herri baten Lazkao Txiki amama bategaz hasi zan berbetan. Zu zara ]
Lazkao Txiki? Bai, niri esaten deustie. Zu ez zara hain txikia. Hankak daukazuz laburrak. Eta
[ Lazkao Txikik erantzun eutsan: Zertarako behar dodazluzeagoak, lurreraino heltzen badira?
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• • •
Azalpena

1 ldatzi 100 berba inguruko azalpen testu bat, behean zehaztutako egoerea kontuan hartuta.
Egoerea

Aurtengo Gabonetan Londresera joango zara, gurasoen lagun ingeles batzuen eb<era. Han egun batzuk pasa-
tuko dozuez, eta leitekeana da bateren batek euskereari buruz zer edo zer itauntzea. Horregaitik, prestatu
eizu gure hizkuntzari buruzko azalpen bat, itauntzen badeutsue, zer kontatu jakiteko. Adibidez: euskerea
nondik datorren, nork berba egiten dauan, gaur egun zein dan kezka nagusia eta abar. Testuan, oinarrizko
hiztegib<o bat ere tartekatu daikezu (ingelesez berba batzuk eta ondoan harreen itzulpena euskeraz).

• Edukia. Aurkitutako informazinotik aukeratu ideia garrantzitsuenak,

eta azaldu ideiak ordenatuta eta ando lotuta.

• Lexikoa. Ahaleg indu ideiak hizt egi zehatza erabilita azaltzen.

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............... ···· ·· ··············•················· ........ ······················· .. ···········"······ ········· ··········•··•··············· ······ ··························· ··· ··· ...... ..........

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.... · ·· • · · · · · · · · · · ··• """ º"º '" " " º " º ' º"" "º""º' "º "'" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................. . ........ . . ... . ........ .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ........ .. .... . ... . ......... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , .•

......... ·•·· . ..................... ........................ .. .. ....... ................. ...................... ... . ............................................ ....... .. ................ ............. .

..... .. ........ .................. ..... .... ..... ... .... . . .............................................. ............... ....................... .... .. .................. .. ........ ··•·· · ........... .

• Jagon dozuz goian zehaztutako alderdiak? Aztertu, idatzi dozun testua zuzentzerakoan.