KHTPKPSPA RAIKPËDHKDA HODKAHOI

CTDSCIO TSRCVKAV @C KHNCHKCVÅO ECDÏHKDO [
CIËDPVKDO

KHNCHKCVÅO CH DAESHKDODKAHCT [ CICDPVÔHKDO

 

EOPCVKO< ODÜTPKDO KK
 

CICDPVAODÜTPKDO [ PVOHT@SDPAVCT
RVÏDPKDO Ha.6

Rotrôh `c Doptodkôh `ci Ekdrôjaha

 

ÅH@KDC
 

K.-KHPVA@SDDKÔH…………………………………………………...…………..………6

KK.-EOPCVKOI…………………………………………………………………...…………0
 

KKK.-@CTOVVAIIA………………………………………………………………..………3

KZ.-DAHDISTKAHCT……………………………………………………………..………?=

Z.-FKFIKANVOJÅOT………………………………………………………...…...………62

?
 

ZK.-VCJCVCHDKOT…………………………………………………………….…………62
 

6
 

Khtra`uddkôh tcôrkdo

Ias ekdrôjahas puc`ch vorkor su schskfkik`o` ch rciodkôh o io `krcddkôh a ïhnuia `c

khdk`chdko `ci sahk`a, o csta sc ic iioeo potrôh `c doptodkôh a potrôh paior. Cs `cdkr 
quc `cpch`kch`a `c io `krcddkôh doefko ci hkvci `c soik`o.

Jkn ?< Rotrôh paior aehk`krcddkahoi.

Cxkstc
Cxkstch
h `a
`as
s tkp
tkpas
as `c ek
ekdr
drôj
ôjah
ahas
as,, ia
ias
s qu
qucc rc
rcsp
spah
ah`c
`chh o io pr prcs
cskô
kôh
h y ia
ias
s qu
quc
c
rcspah`ch o io vciadk`o`. Roro ianror `ci prkecr tkpa io portc troscro `ci `kojroneo
sc chduchtro dcrro`o, y daea io prcskôh ha pascc daepahchtc `c `krcddkôh, su
doptodkôh cs aehk`krcddkahoi. Csta qukcrc `cdkr quc k`coiechtc io trohs`uddkôh `ci
sahk`a vo o scr knuoi skh kepartor ci ïhnuia.

Jkn 6< Rotrôh paior tkpa jknuro `c =.

Roro quc uh dïpsuio rcspah`o o io vciadk`o` cs hcdcsorka quc oefos doros `ci
`kojro
`ko jroneo
neo rcd
rcdkfo
kfoh
h prc
prcskô
skôh
h sa
sahar
haro,
o, ios pcq
pcqucÿ
ucÿos
os `kj
`kjcrc
crchdk
hdkos
os ch
chtrc
trc cst
cstos
os vo
voh
h o
dousor uho daepahchtc `c vciadk`o` (nro`kchtc `c prcskôh). Ch ci eaechta ch quc
io prcskôh ch oefos doros sco knuoi ha vo o mofcr doptodkôh.

Tk io dïpsuio prcschto skectråo oxkoi, y oefos doros `ci `kojroneo sah cxpucstos `c
io ekseo eohcro oi doepa sahara (daea puc`c scr uh ekdrôjaha `c dkhto), ci
potrôh quc sc ianro cs ci `c jknuro `c =. Io soik`o cs knuoi ch io portc jrahtoi a
pastcrkar (dah paiork`o` khvcrtk`o), pcra moy dohdciodkôh ch ias iotcroics.

4
 

Ci potrôh eïs dahadk`a cs ci dor`kak`c (par su jknuro tkpa darozôh) y cxkstch vorkos
eohcros `c ianroria. Tk sc tkchc uho dïpsuio aehk y uho jknuro `c = ia eïs dcrdohos
paskfic y sc sueoh sus soik`os, io doptodkôh `c io doro pastcrkar (`c paiork`o`
hcnotkvo) sc vo o dohdcior dah io `ci ekdrôjaha aehk`krcddkahoi, ekchtros quc ci
sahk`a rcdkfk`a jrahtoiechtc vo o sueor.

Jkn 4< Rotrôh paior dor`kak`c.

Roro ianror uh potrôh dor`kak`c dah uho dïpsuio saio sc `cfc chdahtror io eohcro
`c rctrosor io doro pastcrkar
pastcrkar `ci `kojro
`kojroneo
neo ekchtros quc io jrahto
jrahtoii sc chduchtro
chduchtro skh
rcstrkd
rcs trkddka
dkahcs
hcs.. Stk
Stkikz
ikzoh`
oh`aa oin
oinüh
üh tkp
tkpa
a `c iof
iofcrk
crkhta
hta odü
odüstk
stkda
da sc pupuc`c
c`c ian
ianror
ror uho
`kjcrchdko `c tkcepa `c eohcro quc saia moyo `kjcrchdko `c prcskôh chtrc oefos
doros duoh`a ci sahk`a pravchno `ci jrchtc. Cxkstch vorkodkahcs daea puc`ch scr ci
süpcr-dor`kak`c a ci mkpcr-dor`kak`c.
mkpcr-dor`kak`c. Cstos sc ianroh ec`kohtc
ec`kohtc ias ekseas prkhdkpkas
pcra dah icvcs vorkodkahcs.

Jkn 0< Csquceïtkda `c io dahjknurodkôh euitk-potrôh Frouheùmi-^cfcr.

Ch ias `c cstu`ka `c nrofodkôh (y odtuoiechtc ch atros opikdodkahcs toefkëh), cs

daeüh dahtor dah ekdrôjahas `c eüitkpics potrahcs `c doptodkôh. Csta cs euy ütki

poro
dïps
dï ofordor
psui
uios
os do
dor``kvcrsos
r`ka
kak`cs hcdcsk`o`cs.
k`cs cspo
cspoi`
i`o
o da
dahtSho
htro eohcro
ro cs
cspo
poi`o, `c
i`o, scianror
daha
da csta
hadc
dc dacsea
io `cda
daea daiador
dahj
hjkn
knur `as
urod
odkô
kôh
h

0
 

Frou
Frouhe heùmùmi-
i-^c
^cfc
fcr.
r. Io soi oik`
k`o
o `c oe oefo
fos
s dïdïps
psui
uios
os pu
puc`
c`ch
ch sc scrr da
daef
efkh
kho`
o`os
os
cicdtr
cicdtrôhk
ôhkdoe
doecht
chtc
c (`k
(`kjcr
jcrcht
chtcs
cs hkv
hkvcic
cics
s y pai
paiork`
ork`o`)
o`) dah uh sciscicdt
cdtar,
ar, por
poro
o ian
ianror 
ror 
eüit
eü itkp
kpic
ics
s po
potr
trah
ahcs
cs.. RaRarr cl
clce
cepipia
a sk sc su
sueo
eoh h o kn
knuo
uoii hk
hkvc
vcii ci rc
rcsu
suit
ito`
o`aa cs
aehk`krcddkahoi, ekchtros quc sk sc uso uho dïpsuio saio scrï dor`kak`c.

Jkn 3< Ekdrôjaha euitkpotrôh.

 Eotcrkoi 

Eotcrkoics Dastas

Dofic ]IV eodma Riun stcrca $2

Dofic ]IV eodma y mcefro $2

Dofic ]IV mcefro Riun stcrca $2

Dofic dokeïh dokeïh $2

dofic Dokeïh VDO $2

dofic VDO piun eaha $2

Dofic fohoho dokeïh $2

Nchcro`ar `c juhdkahcs $2

3
 

Fadkho $2

Ekdrôjaha $2

Asdkiasdapka $2

@csorraiia Cxpcrkechtoi 

Ch ios tofios sknukchtcs eucstroh io rciodkôh quc moy dah dkcrto jrcduchdko (46, :0,
?63,632 y 322Mz) dah `kjcrchtcs ïhnuias y daea cs quc ia dopto uh sahôectra y ci
vaitolc ch do`o voiar.

Roro pa`cr sodor cstas voiarcs rcoikzoeas ia sknukchtc7

Roro rcoikzor csto prïdtkdo tuvkeas quc cstor `chtra `c uho dïeoro ohcdakdo ,
sofceas quc cstos par io jareo ch quc cstïh dahstruk`os oåsioh `c eclar eohcro ci
ruk`
ruk`a
a o da
daep
epor
orod
odkô
kôh
h `c
`cii cx
cxtc
tcrka
rkarr y ias
ias vo
voia
iarc
rcs
s ec
ec`k
`k`a
`as
s ha sa
sahh oitc
oitcro
ro`a
`as
s toh
toh
`rïstkdoechtc.

Tc daiadô uho dkhto ch ci pksa dah ios ec`k`os `c ias ïhnuias quc sc rcqucråoh (2²,
03², ;2², ?43², ?=2², 663², 6>2², 4?3²) y cxodtoechtc ch ec`ka `c csta sc daiadô ci
ekdrôjaha, sc dahcdtorah ias dofics rcoikzo`as ch io prïdtkdo ohtcrkar, cstas sc
dahcdtorah oi asdkiasdapka, o uh nchcro`ar y o uho fadkho.

Tc daiadô io fadkho o 42de `c `kstohdko portkch`a `ci `kojroneo `ci ekdrôjaha

mosto ci darozôh `c io fadkho y par üitkea sc daiadô ci sahôectra `c io`a dahtrorka
`c io fadkho, safrc ci `kojroneo `ci ekdrôjaha.

Tc ic daiadô io prkecro jrcduchdko oi nchcro`ar, io fadkho ch ci prkecr ïhnuia y sc

ek`kô ci voiar dah ci sahôectra y dah oyu`o `ci asdkiasdapka ci voiar `c vaitolc, csc
pradc`kekchta sc rcpktkô
rcpktkô ch ta`as ias ïhnuias dah io ekseo jrcdu
jrcduchdko,
chdko, oi tcrekhor 
csta sc ouechtofo io jrcduchdko ch ci nchcro`ar y sc vaivåo o ec`kr ias `otas ch
ta`a
ta`as
s ia
ias
s ïh
ïhnu
nuia
ias.
s. Cs
Cstata sc rcoi
rcoikz
kzô
ô da
dah
h ta`o
ta`os
s ios
ios jrc
jrcdu
duch
chdk
dkos
os ec
echd
hdka
kaho
ho`o
`oss
ohtcrkarechtc, ios vcdcs hcdcsorkos poro dahadcr ias voiarcs `c ta`o io tofio.

Pa`a csta sc rcoikzô ch ar`ch y dah eudma skichdka yo quc duoiqukcr ruk`a par euy
pcqucÿa quc jucro oitcrofo hucstra voiar ec`k`a.

:
 

Ec`kdkahcs rcoikzo`os

 
Zaits

Jrcduchdk 2² 03² ;2² ?43² ?=2² 663² 6>2² 4?3²

o

(Mz)

46 = :.0 4.= >.: = =.= >.: :.0

eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ

:0 >.6 : :.= : :.= = :.= =.0

eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ

?63 = =.0 >.: :.0 >.: = : =.0

eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ

632 :.0 >.6 :.= 3.6 3.: ?2 >.6 =.0

eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ

322 :.0 >.6 3.6 :.0 >.6 :.= >.: :

eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ eZ

Tahôectra

Jrcduchdko 2² 03² ;2² ?43² ?=2² 663² 6>2² 4?3²

>
 

(Mz)

46 46.> 46.= 46.0 44.4 46.; 46.0 44.4 46.=

:0 0:.3 0:.> 00.> 02.3 0?.? 03.4 0> 04.;

?63 0:.> 0>.3 03.= 03 03.3 03.; 0: 0:.>

632 3>.= 30.6 34.> 33.6 30 36.? 3:.4 36.=

322 :;.; :;.? :=.0 :=.3 :; :>.? :=.: ::.=

Rrcskôh saharo

Rrcskôh 2² 03² ;2² ?43² ?=2² 663² 6>2² 4?3²

saharo
(Ro)

46 =.:4* =.>6 =.44 ;.60 =.=4 =.44 ;.60 =.>4*

?2X- *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X ?2X-
0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 -0 0

:0 0.66* 0.46 4.04 6.?? 6.6> 4.:= 0.0> 4.?4*

?2X- *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X ?2X-
4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 4

=
 

?63 0.46* 0.>0 4.=; 4.33 4.>: 4.;0 4.;; 0.46*

?2X- *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X *?2X ?2X-
4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 4

632 233
.2? 2.2?
26 ;.:=
*?2X 2.2?
?3 2.2? =.23
*?2X 2.2?
4 =.>4*
?2X-
-4 -4 4

322 2.2: 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.20 2.23 2.20

63 > 6: 46 :4 36 4= 4>

Tchskfkik`o`

Tchskfkik 2² 03² ;2² ?43² ?=2² 663² 6>2² 4?3²

`o`

Ro

46 ;.6: >.44 0.3: =.663 ;.2: ?2.3 =.66 >.44

;; ;0 ?= ? : 3? ?

:0 ?.>2 ?.4= ?.;= 6.=04 6.;; 6.?> ?.36 6.:=

: == 63 : 33 4; ?6 4>

?63 ?.=3 ?.>> ?.;3 ?.=26 6.26 6.24 ?.32 ?.;0

6? 4> = ?6 20 4> 00

632 2.0? 2.>2 2.>2 2.036 2.3: ?.60 2.33 2.;:

3= 60 ? 66 4= 6?

;
 

322 2.?2 2.?6 2.2; 2.?62 2.?6 2.?3 2.?0 2.?4

60 :4 == 4 >= ?6 >6

cqukpa sknukchtc

Nrïjkdos rcsuitohtcs

?2
 

??
 

?6
 

?4
 

?0
 

?3
 

Jatanrojåos taeo`os `urohtc ci pradcsa

Ch csto jata pa`ceas afscrvor dôea sc chduchtroh ta`as ias cicechtas daiado`as
ch ci ïhnuia 2² y dah oyu`o `c uh jicxôectra ec`keas io `kstohdko `ci `kojroneo
`ci ekdrôjaha oi darozôh `c io fadkho.

?:
 

Ch csto jata has chdahtroeas ch uh ïhnuia `c ;2²dah uho jrcduchdko `kjcrchtc o io

jata ohtcrkar, `c knuoi eohcro sc cstï ek`kch`a io `kstohdko chtrc ci ekdrôjaha y io
fadkho.

?>
 

Ch cs
csto
to jata
jata pa
pa`c`cea
eas
s af
afsc
scrv
rvor
or qu
qucc yo juc
juc ec
ec`k
`k`o
`o io `kst
`kstoh
ohdk
dko,
o, sc ea
ea`k
`kjk
jkdô
dô
hucvoechtc io jrcduchdko y sc cstïh rcnkstroh`a ias hucvas voiarcs.

?=
 

Dahdiuskahcs

Dorrkiia Nordko Asdor Oicloh`ra<

Ch csto prïdtkdo ias dofics quc jucrah ciofaro`as ch io prïdtkdo ? sc usorah poro
pa`cr aftchcr ci potrôh `c schskfkik`o` `ci ekdrôjaha y su schskfkik`o` `cfk`a o quc

sc kfo ouechtoh`a io jrcduchdko toefkëh ia modåo ci ruk`a o eoyar jrcduchdko. csta

sc vc `c jareo dioro nrodkos oi usa `ci asdkiasdapka ch ci duoi sc vcåo ci ruk`a
cxkstchtc ch do`o uho `c ios ec`kdkahcs quc sc modåo oi modcr nkror io fadkho oi
rc`c`ar `ci ekdrajaha.

Nahzïicz Cnoÿo Oifcrta<

Ch ci `csorraiia `c io prïdtkdo sc pu`a csdudmor quc ekchtros eïs ouechtofo io

jrcduchdko ci sahk`a sc modåo do`o vcz eïs eaicsta `c eohcro ch quc iicnô uh
eaechta ch ci quc khkdkoh`a `cs`c uho jrcduchdko folo cro pada pcrdcptkfic pcra
dahjarec kfo ouechtoh`a ci sahk`a sc vaivåo eaicsta.

 Eëh`cz Zkidmks Cekika<

Ci `csorraiia `c io prïdtkdo skrvkô poro daea uh ohïiksks `ci daepartoekchta `c uh

ekdrôjaha, ec`kohtc ci usa `c uh nchcro`ar `c jrcduchdkos dahcdto`a o uho fadkho,
uh sahôectra quc skrvkô poro ec`kr io prcskôh saharo quc sc nchcrofo o `kjcrchtcs
jrcduchdkos. O`ceïs, sc utkikzô uh asdkiasdapka quc tchåo daea jkh `c ohoikzor ci
hkvci `c vaitolc `ctcdto`a par ci ekdrôjaha. Cstc ohïiksks porcdc `ctcrekhor quc sc
trotô `c uh ekdrôjaha aehk`krcddkahoi, yo quc sc `ctcdtorah voiarcs `kjcrchtcs `c 2
ch ta`as ias ïhnuias ch ias quc sc mkdkcrah ec`kdkahcs.

Tc daeprafô ci darrcdta juhdkahoekchta `c ias dofics quc sc dahcdtorah ch io

prïdtkdo ohtcrkar.

Nucrrcra Hovo Hotoiko Nofrkcio<

Ch csto prïdtkdo utkikzoeas ias dofics ciofaro`as ch io prkecro prïdtkdo poro pa`cr 
aftchcr ci potrôh `c doptodkôh `c uh ekdrôjaha y su schskfkik`o`. O hucstra cqukpa
ic tadorah ios prkecros jrcduchdkos, oså quc ha tuvkeas praficeos ou`ktkvas dah ci
sahk`a quc cektåo io fadkho dahjarec ouechtoeas io jrcduchdko. Roro csto prïdtkdo
utkikzoeas uh sahôectra y uh asdkiasdapka poro pa`cr rcoikzor ios ec`kdkahcs. Ek
juhdkôh ch csto prïdtkdo juc ec`kr ias 42 de `c iclohåo quc `cfåo tchcr io fadkho `ci
ekdrôjaha y `c oducr`a o ek paskdkôh toefkëh sastuvc io fadkho ch `ctcrekho`as
ïhnuias.

 Oi prkhdkpka ios ec`kdkahcs jucrah oina ichtos pcra eïs tor`c pu`keas onkikzorios, yo
quc oprch`keas
oprch`keas o eohkp
eohkpuior
uior ci cquk
cqukpa
pa y has daiado
daiadoeas
eas `c eohc
eohcro
ro eïs rïpk`
rïpk`o
o ch
ias ïhnuias darrcspah`kch
darrcspah`kchtcs.
tcs.

?;
 

Toeohtmo A`cttc Va`rknucz Zornos<

Ch cst
csto
o prï
prïdtk
dtkdo
do sc dae
daepra
prafô
fô io juh
juhdka
dkaho
hoik`o
ik`o`
` `c ias dofic
dofics
s rco
rcoikz
ikzo`a
o`as
s ch io
prïdtkdo ? y dah csta ec`keas ci vaitolc y ias `F `c dkcrtos jrcduchdkos. Csto
prïdtkdo sc iicvô o dofa `chtra `c io dïeoro ohcdakdo `ah`c dahadceas quc ci
sahk`a sc dopto `c eclar
eclar eohcro quc ch ci cxtcrkar par ci eotcrkoi dah ci quc cstï
dahstruk`a. Rrkecra sc dahcdtorah ias dofics o uh nchcro`ar, uh asdkiasdapka y o
uho fadkho, sc pusa io fadkho jrchtc oi ekdrôjaha o 42 de y ci sahôectra orrkfo `ci
ekdrôjaha. Eavkeas cstas cicechtas o dkcrtas ïhnuias y ec`keas ias `F dah oyu`o
`c uh sahôectra y ci vaitolc dah oyu`o `c uh asdkiasdapka, pu`keas afscrvor quc
dah uh pcq
pcqucÿ
ucÿa a ruk
ruk`a
`a sc oit
oitcro
crofo
fo euy ha
hatar
tarkoe
koecht
chtc
c ci voi
voiar
ar ch ci sah
sahôec
ôectra
tra
chtahdcs ia tuvkeas quc modcr dah cxtrcea skichdka, toefkëh afscrvoeas quc sk
kh
khji
jiuå
uåo
o ci vo
voia
iarr ec
ec`k
`k`a
`a `c
`cpc
pch`
h`kc
kch`
h`a
a ci ïh
ïhnu
nuia
ia ch ci qu
qucc sc eaeavå
våo.
o. Cs
Cstu
tuva
va
chtrctchk`o csto prïdtkdo, ec nusta fostohtc rcoikzorio y pa`cr vcr daea sk ojcdtofo
ouhquc sc eureurofo.

62
 

Fkfikanrojåo

Ekdrôjahas< Pcdhaianåo y opikdodkahcs

Farwkdg, Lamh

C`ktarkoi< Csducio `c Dkhc y Zå`ca `c Oh`aoåh

Oÿa `c io c`kdkôh< ?;;:

PCDHKDOT @C NVOFODKAH EA@CVHOT

MSFCV, @OZK@ EKICT

AECNO, 622:

TAHK@A [ NVOFODKAH

ZZ.OO.

AECNO, 622=

Vcjcrchdkos

mttp<//www.cquopmah-uhkvcrskty.hct/potrah-`c-doptod
mttp<//www.cquopmah-uhkvcrskty.hct/potrah-`c-doptodkah-ch-ias-ekdrajahas/
kah-ch-ias-ekdrajahas/

mttps<//www.`adtarpraou`ka.dae/dahtcht.pmp1?
mttps<//www.`adtarpraou`ka.dae/dahtcht.pmp1?30-ekdrajahas-potrahcs
30-ekdrajahas-potrahcs-`c-doptodkah
-`c-doptodkah

mttps<//www.smurc.cs/oskstchdkoQ`csdornos/dahtchk`a-
c`udotkva/ekdrajahas/ekdrapmahcQpaiorQpottcrhs

6?