Pengelolaan Limbah B3

E.381200.007.01
Merencanakan Minimasi Limbah B3
E.381200.008.01
Melaksanakan Melaksanakan Minimasi Limbah B3)

Modul-DLH08
PT BINA PROFESI INDUSTRI INDONESIA
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Pendahuluan
Merencanakan Minimasi Limbah B3

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Elemen-1: • Menginvetarisasi bahan baku, bahan penolong, teknologi

Melakukan Perencanaan dan proses produksi yang dapat menimbulkan limbah B3
Minimasi Limbah B3 • Menyusun perencanaan minimisasi limbah B3

Elemen-2:
• Menyusun hasil kegiatan perencanaan minimasi limbah B3
Melakukan Perencanaan
• Mengkomunikasikan laporan hasil kegiatan perencanaan
Minimasi Limbah B3
limbah B3

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Pendahuluan
Melaksanakan Minimasi Limbah B3
Tujuan Pembelajaran

• Mengidentifikasi data peluang minimasi limbah B3.

• Menentukan metode minimasi limbah B3.
Elemen-1: • Menentukan Indikator keberhasilan minimasi limbah B3.
Menyusun rencana penerapan upaya • Menyiapkan jadwal penerapan minimasi limbah B3.
minimasi limbah B3 • Menghitung biaya penerapan minimasi limbah B3
• Menentukan Indikator keberhasilan minimasi limbah B3.

• Menentukan substitusi bahan baku ditentukan

Elemen-2: • Menentukan modifikasi proses produksi
Melakukan upaya minimasi dengan • Menentukan resiko terhadap modifikasi proses produksi
penggunaan teknologi • Menentukan teknologi proses produksi yang digunakan untuk minimasi limbah B3
• Menentukan efisiensi hasil produksi dari penggunaan teknologi proses produksi
Elemen-3:
• Menyususn hasil kegiatan pelaksanaan minimasi limbah B33.2 L
Melaporkan hasil kegiatan pelaksanaan
• Mengkomunikasikan laporan hasil kegiatan pelaksanaan minimasi limbah B3.
minimasi limbah B3

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Pendahuluan
Peraturan/Standar/Referensi

• Peraturan Pemerintah No.22 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan

Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
• Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan No. 6 Tahun 2021 tentang Tata Cara
dan Persyaratan Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun
• Keputusan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 191 Tahun 2019 tentang Penetapan Standar
Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia (SKKNI) Kategori Pengelolaan Air, Pengelolaan Air
Limbah, Pengelolaan dan Daur Ulang Sampah, dan Aktivitas Remediasi Golongan Pokok
Pengelolaan dan Daur Ulang Sampah Bidang Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan
Beracun
• Hazardous Waste Minimization, Harry M. Freeman, Mc. Graw-Hill International Edition, 1990

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Pendahuluan

• Pasal 49 PERMENLHK 6/2021:

Setiap Orang yang menghasilkan Limbah B3 wajib melakukan Pengurangan Limbah B3.

• Pengurangan Limbah B3 dilakukan melalui:

a. substitusi bahan ;
Substitusi bahan dapat dilakukan melalui pemilihan bahan baku dan/atau bahan
penolong yang semula mengandung B3 digantikan dengan yang tidak mengandung B3.
b. modifikasi proses:
Modifikasi proses dapat dilakukan melalui pemilahan dan penerapan proses produksi
yang lebih efisien.
c. Penggunaan teknologi ramah lingkungan.

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Pendahuluan
Mengapa minimasi timbulan limbah B3 diperlukan ?

⊠ Hilangnya material dan energi yang berharga

⊠ Investasi peralatan pengendalian pencemaran
⊠ Penyebab masalah-masalah lingkungan  risk minimization
⊠ Menambah biaya untuk pengelolaan limbah yang dihasilkan
⊠ Pentaatan (compliance) terhadap hukum/peraturan
⊠ Positive public relation

‘end-of-pipe’ atau out-of-the-back-door’

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Pendahuluan
Material Life Cycle

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Pendahuluan

Hirarki Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

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Pendahuluan

Hirarki Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

LIMBAH B3

PENGURANGAN PRODUKSI/MINIMISASI LIMBAH B3

PENGHENTIAN PRODUKSI PENGURANGAN SUMBER AMBIL-ULANG GUNA-ULANG/DAUR-ULANG

(ABATEMENT) (SOURCE REDUCTION) (RECOVERY) (RE-USE/RECYCLE)

PENGOLAHAN/KONVERSI LIMBAH B3

SECARA FISIKA/KIMIA SECARA BIOLOGI SECARA TERMAL

PENIMBUNAN/PEMBUANGAN/EMISI RESIDU PENGOLAHAN

PENIMBUNAN DI/DALAM TANAH PEBUANGAN KE BADAN AIR EMISI KE UDARA

PERMENLHK -6/2021 PERMENLHK-5/2021 PERMENLHK-5/2021

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Pendahuluan

Proses Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

START

PRODUCT
REDESIGN
AUDIT &
EDUCATION RAW
MATERIAL
CHANGE

GOOD
HOUSEKEEPING MAJORP
ROCESS
CHANGE
OPERATION PROCESS
SIMPLE
RECYCLING COMPLEX
RECYCLING OR
EQUIPMENT TREATMENT

PROCESS SOURCE
CONTROL TREATMENT
EQUIPMENT
MODIFICATION

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Perencanaan Minimasi Limbah B3
Proses Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

INFORMATION
REQUIREMENTS

DATA MEASUREMENT
SECURE TEAM DEVELOPMENT IMPLEMENTATION OF RESULTS
GENERATION PRIORITIZATION OF SOLUTION
BUY-IN FORMATION OF SOLUTION (VERIFICATION)

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Perencanaan Minimasi Limbah B3

Secure Buy-in (Continuous Process)

SAFETY MANAGEMENT (SMK3) TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT WASTE PREVENTION

Top Management Commitment Top Management Commitment Top Management Commitment
Zero Lost Time Incident Zero defect Zero Waste
Safety Committee Team Effort Waste revention Team
Training Training Training
Lost Prevention Program Quality Through Process (not Source Reduction Priority
inspection)
Weekly Committee Meeting Continuous Process Improvement Waste Reduction Cycle
Accident Record Statistical Measures of Success Waste Table
Empowerment of Workers Empowerment of Workers Empowerment of Workers
Continuous Review Continuous Review Continuous Review
Rewards Rewards Rewards

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Perencanaan Minimasi Limbah B3
Team Formation

 Cross Functional Section

– Material Control - Regulatory Affairs - etc
– Plant Engineering - Purchasing - etc
– Facilities Engineering - Controller’s Office (Cost Analysis)
– Maintenance - Quality Control
– All Production Areas - Safety/Environment

 Responsibilities of the Team

– Define opportunities
– Select opportunities
– Design Solution
– Implement Solution
– Verify Solution
– Communicate Status

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Perencanaan Minimasi Limbah B3

Data Generation

Wast ed Wast e Waste Wast e Waste O t her Tot al

Wast e St eam Raw Tr eat ment St orage Tr anspor t ation Disposal W ast e
Mat er ial Cost
( $/yr ) ( $/ yr ) ($/ yr) ($/ yr ) ($/ yr ) ( $/ yr ) ($/ yr)

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Perencanaan Minimasi Limbah B3
Data Generation

Total Type of
Waste Steam Source Regulatory Quantity Frequency Waste Waste Disposal
Classification (tons/yr) of Disposal Cost Containers/ Method
($/yr) Handling

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

Teknik minimisasi timbulan limbah B3

1. Inventory management
2. Production process modification
3. Volume reduction
4. Recovery/re-use

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3
Development of Solution
BRAINSTORMING FOLLOW-UP CHECKLIST-I SOURCE REDUCTION
• Segregation
• Re-use of product/solvent back as raw material
• Larger production campaign or batch size
• Efficiency of transfer
• Trim stoichiometry for reactants
• Trim solvent medium volume
• Reduce solvent toxicity
• Use higher efficiency (resources waste) equipment
• Process parameter optimization (T, P, time, pH)
• Benchmark human practices
• Go from batch to continuous
• Reduce cleaning cycle (time)
• Scheduling of campaigns to minimize cleaning

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

Development of Solution
Pengurangan Volume (volume reduction)

• Segregasi (limbah B3/Non-B3 & dibuang/daur-ulang)

– segregasi air limbah domestik vs limbah produksi
– pengering lumpur IPAL (filter press)
– pestisida : baghouse tersendiri untuk tiap-tiap jenis produk
– pencetakan : segregasi wash solvent dan guna-ulang

• Konsentrasi/pemekatan
– vacuum filtration
– ultra-filtration
– reverse osmosis

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3
Development of Solution

Inventory Management

• mengurangi penggunaan B3 dengan prosedur pengkajian dan pengawasan pembelian

material
• setiap pembelian material harus disertai MSDS
• jumlah material yang dibeli sesuai dengan kebutuhan optimum
• prosedur pengkajian sewaktu pengembangan produk baru

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

Development of Solution
BRAINSTORMING FOLLOW-UP CHECKLIST-I - SOURCE REDUCTION
• Change operating sequence to minimize handling
• Pellets instead of dust
• Less volatile instead of more volatile
• Seals instead of packing
• Trim stoichiometry for reactants
• Closed units instead of open
• Spray nozzle instead of hoses
• Hard pipe instead of hoses
• Inline sampling/analyses instead of offline
• Mechanical cleaning as opposed to chemical cleaning
• Larger packaging of product/raw materials
• Vapor balance transfer
• Pinch Technology

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3
Development of Solution

Modifikasi Proses-Produksi

• Prosedur perawatan dan operational :

– kebocoran pipa, tangki, kerangan, sambungan
– kesalahan prosedur dalam sewaktu transfer material/bahan
– inspeksi & pelatihan regular

• Pengubahan material/bahan baku :

– Tabel contoh minimisasi limbah

• Modifikasi peralatan/proses :
– Tabel contoh minimisasi limbah

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

Development of Solution

Contoh-contoh Minimisasi Limbah Dengan Teknik Pengubahan Material/Bahan Baku

Jenis Industri Teknik

Peralatan rumah vapor degreaser : alkaline degreaser vs chlorinated

tangga solvent
Percetakan tinta : water-based vs solvent based
Tekstil bahan kimia : non-fosfor vs fosfor
Eletronika/PCB adhesif : water-based vs solvent-based
Pelapisan logam eletrolit : non-sianida vs sianida
Tinta pigmen : non-Cadmium vs Cadmium
Komponen elektronika menara pendingin : ozon vs biosida organik
Farmasi pelapisan tablet : water-based vs solvent based

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3
Development of Solution
Contoh-contoh Minimisasi Limbah Dengan Teknik Modifikasi Peralatan/Proses

Tahapan Proses Teknik

Reaksi kimia Optimalisasi kondisi operasi & metoda pencampuran

Hilangkan penggunaan katalis beracun
Filtrasi/pencucian Guna-ulang air pencuci
Maksimalkan sludge dewatering
Surface finishing Perpanjang penggunaan process-bath
Flow-control valves untuk air pencuci
Surface coating sistem electrostatic spray-coating
Gunakan high solid coatings
Pengaturan kekentalan coating dengan unit panas
Pembersihan alat Gunakan sistem pencucian tekanan tinggi
Guna ulang air pencuci
Tumpahan/bocor Buat selokan/penampungan tumbahan/ceceran
Gunakan sealless pump

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

Development Of Solution

BRAINSTORMING FOLLOW-UP CHECKLIST-II - RECYCLE/RECOVERY

• Reuse spent raw material on a different process
• Reuse spent solvent on a different process
• Recover heat
• Onsite distillation/extraction
• pH shift and reuse
• Convert by product to higher value product
• Offsite recycling
• Recover BTU content
• Membrane process
• Pyrolysis
• Freeze crystallization
• Evaporation

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3
Development Of Solution

Recovery/re-use

Jenis Industri Teknik

Percetakan Vapor-recovery untuk solvent.

Tekstil Ultra-filtrasi untuk mengambil ulang zaat warna
Kimia Daur-ulang air pendingin
Fabrikasi logam Recovery ulang cutting fluid dengansentrifugasi
Mebel Distillation-batch untuk solvent recovery.
Pelapisan logam Recovery larutan khrom/nikel dengan evaporasi
Fotografi Recovery perak, fixer, dan larutan pemucat
Penyamakan Recovery logam khrom dari larutan penyamak.

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3

Implementation

• Confirm Goal

• Develop Plan

• Implement Action

• Maintain Budget
• Maintain Schedule
• Maintain Open Communications with All Stakeholders

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Upaya Minimisasi Timbulan Limbah B3
Measurement of Results

 Measure and Verify Results

• Ensure goals are achieved
• Source of motivation
• Provide justification
• Tangible check on corporate commitment

 Institutionalize Process
• Communicate to stakeholders
• Make best demonstrated practice
• Recognize team individuals
• Fine tune results continuously

 Return to “Data Generation”

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Pelaporan Kegiatan Minimasi Limbah B3

• Pasal 50 PERMEN LHK 6/2021

1) Setiap Orang yang menghasilkan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 49 ayat
(1) wajib menyampaikan laporan secara tertulis kepada Menteri mengenai pelaksanaan
Pengurangan Limbah B3.
2) Laporan secara tertulis sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) disampaikan secara berkala
paling sedikit 1 (satu) kali dalam 6 (enam) bulan sejak Pengurangan Limbah B3 dilakukan

Referensi:
USEPA/625/7-90/007 Guides to Pollution Prevention The Printed Circuit Board
Manufacturing Industry

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