Unit-9: Programming

fzpdp Programming nkhop

kdpju;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; nkhopfspy; (jkpo;> Mq;fpyk;> rpq;fsk; …) gpd;tUk; %d;W tplaq;fs;

mbg;gilahff; fhzg;gLk;.

 nrhw;fs;
 ,yf;fdk;
 trdq;fs;
,yf;fdg;gb nrhw;fisj; njhFf;Fk; NghJ trdq;fs; cUthFk;. trdq;fSf;F
mu;j;jk; fhzg;gLk;. ,t;thW mu;j;jKs;s trdq;fis kzju;fshy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s
Kbtjdhy; njhlu;ghly;fis Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

mNj Nghd;W fzpdp nkhopfspw;Fk; gpd;tUk; %d;W tplaq;fs; fhzg;gLk;.

 nrhw;fs; --- Reserved Words (Users also can define)
 ,yf;fdk; --- Syntax
 trdq;fs; --- Instructions

Syntax mbg;gilapy; reserved words fis njhFf;Fk; NghJ Instructions fs; cUthFk;.
,t;thW cUthf;fg;gLk; Instructions fis fzpdpahy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.
xU fzpdpahdJ vd;d nray;ghl;bid Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; $Wk; tpjpfSld;
$ba gbKiwfNs Programming Language MFk;.

fzpdp nkhopapd; tuyhw;W tsu;r;rp

1. KjyhtJ jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop (Machine Language)
2. ,uz;lhk; jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop (Assembly Language)
3. %d;whk; jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop (Procedural Language)
4. ehd;fhk; jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop (Object Oriented Language)

KjyhtJ jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop - ,ae;jpu nkhop (Machine Language)

 Program MdJ ,ae;jpunkhopapy; (machine code) mjtJ 0> 1 fis khj;jpuk;
gad;gLj;jp vOjg;gLk;.
 mjpfstpyhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; fhzg;gLk;
 ,ae;jpuj;jpy;; jq;fpapUf;Fk; nkhop (machine dependent language)
 ,jidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;F fzpdp td;nghUs; gw;wa mwpT mtrpakhFk;.
 ,k;nkhopapy; vOJk; epfo;r;rpfis fzpdp Neubahf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;Sk;
 nkhopngau;g;ghsu; (Translator) mtrpakpy;iy.
 vdNt program tpiutpy; nrad;Kiwf;F cl;gLk;.
 eg: Machine language

,uz;lhk; jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop - xUq;FNru;g;G nkhop (Assembly nkhop)

 FwpaPLfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vdNt Fiwe;jstpyhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; fhzg;gLk;.
 Program ,y; FwpaPLfisg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjdhy; ,J FwpaPl;L nkhop (Symbolic
language) vdTk; miof;fg;gLk;.
 FwpaPLfis ,ae;jpu nkhopapw;F (0>1) nkhopngau;g;gjw;fhf xUq;FNru;g;gp (Assembler)
vdg;gLk; tpNrl Translator gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
 ,k;nkhopAk; ,ae;jpuj;jpy; jq;fpAs;s nkhop xd;whFk;.
 Kjyhk; jiyKiwapYk; ghu;f;f nray;Kiw Ntfk; FiwthdJ.
 eg: Assembly language

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Unit-9: Programming

%d;whk; jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop (Procedural language)

 ,yFthfTk;> vspjhfTk; fw;wwpe;Jnfhs;sf;$ba nrhw;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
 fzpdp epfo;r;rpfis vOJtjpy; cs;s rpf;fy; jd;ik Fiwthff; fhzg;gLk;.
 ,k;nkhop Procedural language vdtk; miof;fg;gLk;.
 ,J gpioia czu;j;Jk; nra;jpiaj; jUtjhy; (error message) vspjpy; guPl;rpj;Jf;
nfhs;syhk;.
 ,J ,ae;jpuj;jpy; jq;fpapuhj nkhopahFk;
 nkhop ngau;gg ; hsu; Njitg;gLk;. (Translator)
 eg: Pascal, C, Basic, FOTRAN, COBOL

ehd;fhk; jiyKiwf; fzpdp nkhop (Object Oriented Language)

 Vw;fdNt jahupf;fg;gl;l readymade program fisf; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; ,it
ghtidahsu;Njhoik nkhopahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.
 Fiwe;jstpyhd mwpTWj;jy;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
 juTj;js (databases) trjpfSk; fhzg;gLk;.
 Translator Njig;gLfpd;wJ.
 eg: C ++ , Java, .NET, Python

%yf;FwpfSk; nghUs; FwpfSk;

Source code and Object code

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Unit-9: Programming

%yf;Fwpfs; Source code

 xU fzpdp nkhopiag; gad;gLj;jp vOjg;gLk; Fwpfs; %yf;Fwpfs; vd miof;fg;gLk;.

 %yf;Fwpfis fzpdpfshy; Neubahf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s KbahJ. mit
nkhopngau;g;ghsupD}lhf ,ae;jpu nkhopapw;F nkhpngau;ff ; g;gl Ntz;Lk;.
 nghJthf nkd;nghUl;fspd; %yf;Fwpfs; toq;fg;gl khl;lhJ.
 %yf;Fwpfs; toq;fg;gLkhapd; mt;thuhd nkd;nghUl;fs; ,ytr kw;Wk; jpwe;j %y
nkd;nghUl;fs; (free and open source software - FOSS) vd miof;fg;gLk;.
 %yf;Fwpfspy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Gjpa Gjpa nkd;nghUl;fis
cUthf;fyhk;.

Object code

 %yf;Fwpfis fzpdpahy; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sf;$ba ,ae;jpunkhopapw;F khw;wg;gl;lJk;

fpilf;Fk; Fwpfs; nghUs; Fwp vdg;gLk;.
 nghUs;Fwpfis fzpdpahy; Neubahf tpsq;fpf;nfhs;syhk;.

nkhopngau;g;ghsu;fs; Translators

xUq;FNru;g;gp Assembler

 ,J xUq;FNrug;;G nkhopapy; gad;gLj;jgg;gl;l nkhopngau;gg

; hsuhFk;.
 xUq;FNru;g;G nkhopapy; vOJg;gLk; %yf;Fwpfis nghUs;Fwpfhshf
nkhopngau;g;gjw;F nghUs;Nfhlyp gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
 eg: Assembly language

tup nkhop khw;wp Interpreter

 %yf;Fwpfis tup tupahf (xt;nthU mwpTUj;jyhf) nghUs;Fwpapw;F

nkhopngau;f;Fk;.
 fzpdp epfo;r;rpis nraw;gLj;Jk; (run) xt;nthU jlitAk; tup tupahf
nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;L nraw;gLj;Jk;.
 eg: Python, JavaScript

njhFg;gp Compiler

 %yf;Fwpfs; midj;ijAk; xNu jlitapy; nghUs;Fwpfshf nkhopngau;f;Fk;.

 fzpdp epfo;r;rpia nraw;gLj;Jk; NghJ nkhopngau;f;fg;gl;l nghUs;Fwpiag;
gad;gLj;jp nraw;gLk;.
 eg: C, C++, Java

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