GR 10 Science Unit 01

UNIT -01
capupd; ,urhad mbg;gil
rlg;nghUl;fs; ahTk; mZf;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

xNu tifahd mZf;fis nfhz;l kpf vspa gjhu;j;jk; %yfk; vdg;gLk;.
vdNt rlg;nghUs;fs; %yfq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
mq;fpfs; ahTk; capu;r;rlg;nghUl;fshFk;.
mq;fpfspd; clypy; 25 %yfq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
gpujhd %yfq;fs; :-
1. fhgd; C
2. Ijurd; H
3. Xl;rprd; O
4. iejurd; N
Vida %yfq;fs; :-
1. nghRguR P 5. Nghl;lrpak; K
2. ry;gu; S 6. maBd; I
3. Nrhbak; Na 7. ,Uk;G Fe
4. fy;rpak; Ca 8. kf;dPrpak; Mg
NOTE :-
kdpj clypy; jpzpTf;Nfw;g kpf mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk; %yfk; xl;rprd; (65%) MFk;.
,urhad Nru;itfs;
capu;r;rlg;nghUl;fs; gy;NtW Nru;itfspdhy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,J 2 tifg;gLk;.
1. Nrjd Nru;it (fhgd; mlq;fpa Nru;itfs;)
Eg:- fhNghi`jNul;
Gujk;
2. mNrjd Nru;it ( fhgid nfhz;buhj Nru;it)

Eg:- ePu;
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thAf;fs; - CO2 ( fhgdPnuhl;irl;)
CO ( fhgNdhnuhl;irl;)
Nrhbak; ,UfhgNdw;W (NaHCO)
fy;rpak; fhgNdw;W (CaCO3)
capupay; %yf;$Wfs;
capu; rlg;nghUs;fis Mf;fpAs;s gpujhd Nrjdr;Nru;itfs; capupay; %yf;$Wfs; vdg;gLk;.
,it ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

1. fhNghi`jNul;
2. Gujk;
3. ,ypg;gpl;L
4. epA+f;fpspf;fkpyk;
fhNghi`jNul;
Gtpapy; kpf mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk; Nrjdr; fhNghi`jNuw;W vdg;gLk;.
,J C,H,O Mfpa %yfq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jpy; H:O vDk; tpfpjk; 2:1 Mf fhzg;gLk;.
fhNghi`jNuw;wpd; nghJr;#j;jpuk; :-
Cx(H2O)y
x,y – Unknown numbers
fhNghi`jNuw;wpd; tiffs;
fhNghi`jNuw;W
xUrf;fiul;L ,Urf;fiul;L gy;rf;fiul;L
FSf;NfhR Rf;NuhR khg;nghUs;

gpwf;NwhR Nkhy;NlhR nrYNyhR
fyf;NlhR yf;NlhR fpisf;Nfh[d;

 xUrf;fiul;L ( Mono Saccharide) – C6H12O6
fhNghi`jNuw;wpd; fl;likg;gpd; myF xU rf;fiul;L.
,it jdp nty;y %yf;$WfshFk;. (vspa nty;yk;)
,tw;wpd; #j;jpuk; - [CH2O]n
,it ,dpg;Gr;Rit cilaJ, ePupy; fiuaf;$baJ, gspq;fhf;f$baJ.
xUrf;fiul;L fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs; ,ay;Gfs;

Xspj;njhFg;gpd; gpujhd
1. FSf;NfhR goq;fs;, tpisT
Njd;
khg;nghUs; ePu;g;gFg;gilAk;
NghJ Njhd;Wk;.
goq;fs;, ,dpg;Grit $baJ

2. gpwf;NlhR Njd;
,dpg;G G+rzp fha; gOf;Fk; NghJ
ghYw;gj;jp czT Njhd;Wk;.
,dpg;Grit mw;wJ
3. fyf;NlhR ghYw;gj;jp czT
yf;NlhR ePu;g;gFg;gilAk;
NghJ Njhd;Wk;.
NOTE:-
FSf;NfhR %yf;$wpd; fl;likg;G :-

xUrf;fiul;il ,dq;fhzy;
Nrhjidg;nghUs; :- gPypq;fpd; fiury; A,B (ePyepwk;)
nra;Kiw :-
mtjhdk ;:- gpd;tUkhW epwkhw;wk; Vw;gLk;.
ePyk; gr;ir grpa kQ;rs; nrk;kQ;rs; nrq;fl;b rptg;Gepw tPo;gbT
 ,Urf;fiul;L ( Disaccharide) – C12H22O11
,uz;L xU rf;fiul;L %yf;$Wfs; ,iztjhy; (xLf;fkiltjhy;) ,Urf;fiul;L Njhd;WfpwJ.
,jd;NghJ xU %yf;$W ePu; ,of;fg;gLfpwJ.
C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O
xUrf;fiul;L + xUrf;fiul;L ,Urf;fiul;L + ePu;
,Urf;fiul;L ePNuw;wkilAk; NghJ xU rf;fiul;L Njhd;Wk;.

,Urf;fiul;L ,dpg;Gr;Rit cilaJ, ePupy; fiuaf;$baJ, gspq;fhf;f$baJ.
rpy ,Urf;fiul;Lf;fs;
1. Rf;FNuhR
FSf;NfhR + FSf;NfhR Rf;FNuhR + ePu;
 miktplk;
fUk;Gr;rhW (ePu;)
cupar;rhW
2. Nkhy;NlhR
FSf;NfhR + FSf;NfhR Nkhy;NlhR + ePu;
 miktplk;
Kisf;Fk; tpj;Jf;fs;
khg;nghUs; ePu;g;gFg;gilAk; NghJ Njhd;Wk;.
3. yf;NlhR
FSf;NfhR + fyf;NlhR yf;NlhR + ePu;
yf;NlhR ,dpg;GRit mw;wJ, jhtuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;, KiyA+l;bfspd; ghypy; fhzg;gLk;.
,Urf;fiul;il ,dq;fhzy;
Nrhjidg;nghUs; :- gPypq;fpd; fiury; A,B / ngdbf; fiury;
nra;Kiw :-
 rPdpf;fiurYf;F rpwpjsT HCL/H2SO4 ,Lf.
 nfhjpFohia ePu;j;jhopapDs; itj;J ntg;gNkw;Wf.
 Nkyjpf mkpyj;ij eLepiyahf;f Nrhbak; fhgNdw;W ,Lf.
 gpd;G ngdbf; fiurypd; rpy Jspfis ,Lf.

mtjhdk; :- gpd;tUkhW epwkhw;wk; Vw;gLk;.
ePyk; gr;ir grpa kQ;rs; nrk;kQ;rs; nrq;fl;b rptg;Gepw tPo;gbT
 gy;rf;fiul;L ( Polysaccharide) – C6H10O5
mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd xUrf;fiul;L %yf;$Wfs; ,iztjhy; cUthd gy;gFjpa Nru;it ,JthFk;.
,it ePupy; fiuahJ, ,dpg;Gr;Rit mw;wJ, gspq;fhf;f KbahJ.
gy;rf;fiul;L ePupy; gFg;gilAk; NghJ xUrf;fiul;L Njhd;Wk;.
gy;rf;fiul;L ,ay;G/miktplk;
FSf;Nfhrpd; gy;gFjpak;
khg;nghUs; jhtuq;fspd; Nrkpg;GzT
Eg :- fpoq;Ffs;
Tpj;Jf;fs;
jhdpaq;fs;
nrYNyhR jhtuq;fspd; fyr;Rtupy; fhzg;gLk;
fpisf;Nfh[d; tpyq;Ffspd; Nrkpg;GzT
<uy;
jir
;gq;fRf;fspd; fyr;Rtu;
ifw;wpd; fug;ghdpd; Gwtd;$L
,Dhypd; jhtuq;fspd; Nrkpg;GzT

khg;nghUis ,dq;fhzy;
Nrhjidg; nghUs; :- maBd; fiury; (fgpy epwk;)
nra;Kiw :-
 khg;nghUSf;F (NrhW) maBd; fiurypd; rpW Jspfis ,Lf.
mtjhdk; :- fUePyepwk; Njhd;Wk;.
fhNghi`jNuw;wpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
 cly; njhopw;ghl;bw;F Njitahd rf;jpia toq;Fjy;.
 mq;fpfspd; cly; fl;likg;Gfis Mf;Fjy;.

fyr;Rtu;
 Nrkpg;Gzthf fhzg;gly;.
 epAf;fpspf;fkpyj;jpd; Mf;ff;$W MFk;.
Gujk;
C,H,O,N Mfpa %yfq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;lJ.
rpytw;wpy; S (fe;jfk;) fhzg;glyhk;.
,J mkpNdhmkpyq;fspd; gy;gFjpakhFk;.
mkpNdhmkpyj;jpd; nghJikg;ghlhd fl;likg;G :-

$l;lk; R NtWgLtjdhy; mkpNdhmkpyKk; NtWgLfpwJ. 20 tifahd mkpNdhmkpyq;fspdhy;
Gujq;fs; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Eg :- vspa mkpNdhtkpyk; ( fpisrpd;) fl;likg;G
NOTE:-
clypdhy; njhFf;fg;gl Kbahj mkpNdhtkpyq;fs; mj;jpahtrpakhd mkpNdhtkpyq;fs; vdg;gLk;.
Gujk; mlq;fpAs;s rpy czTfs;

1. ,iwr;rp
2. kPd;
3. Kl;il ntz;fU
4. ghy;
5. Nrhah mtiu
Gujk; fhzg;gLk; ,lk;
kNahrpd;, vf;upd; jir
my;Gkpd; Kl;il ntz;fU
FYhw;wpd; NfhJik
<NkhFNshgpd; nrq;Fopak; (RBC)
ful;Bd; cNuhkk;, efk;, ,wF

Gujq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
 cly; tsu;r;rpf;F cjTjy;.
 cly; fl;likg;Gf;$Wfis cUthf;Fjy;.

fynkd;rt;T
,wF
 nehjpaq;fshf njhopw;gly;.
 XNkhd;fshf njhopw;gly;.
,d;Rypd;
tsu;r;rp XNkhd; (GH)
 gpwnghUs; vjpupahf njhopw;gly;. (ghJfhg;G)
 rf;jpia gpwg;gpj;jy;.
 RUf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;jp mirTf;F cjTjy;.
Gujj;ij ,dq;fhzy;
NrhjidnghUs; :- igA+Nuw;Wf;fiury; ( NaOH + CuSO4)
nra;Kiw :-
 Kl;il ntz;fU fiurYf;F (Gujk;) 5% Nrhbak; ijnuhl;irl;L fiuriy Nru;j;J ed;F

FYf;Ff.
 gpd;G 1% nrg;G ry;Ngw;Wf; fiury; rpy Jspfs; Nru;j;J ntg;gkhf;Ff.
mtjhdk; :- Cjh epwk; Njhs;Wk;.

nehjpaq;fs; - Enzyms
capu; ,urhad jhf;fq;fspd; jhf;ftPjj;ij Cf;Ftpg;gJk; capu;fyq;fspDs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLtJkhd
tpN\l Gujk; nehjpak; vdg;gLk;.
Eg : - mkpNyR, jpUr;rpd;, ,ypg;NgR, ngg;rpd;
nraw;ghL :- mkpNyR nehjpj;jpd; nraw;ghl;il mwpjy;.
nra;Kiw :-
2 epkplq;fspd; gpd;du; khf;fyitfspd; rpy JspfSf;F maBd; fiuriy Nru;j;J kPzL

; k; ,Nj Nghd;W 2
epkplq;fSf;F xU jlit 20 epkplk; tiu nra;f.
mtjhdk; :- Muk;gj;jpy; fUePyepwKk; gpd;du; Cjh epwKk; ,Wjpapy; fgpy epwk; Njhd;wpaJ.
KbT :- khg;nghUs; mkpNyrpdhy; NtW Nru;itahf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,ypg;gpl;L
C,H,O Mfpa %yfq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
nfhOg;gkpyKk; fpsrNuhYk; Nru;tjhy; ,ypg;gpl;L cUthfpwJ.
nfhOg;gkpyk; + fpsprNuhy; ,ypg;gpl;L + ePu;
nghJthf ePupy; KidT jd;ikAs;s fiug;ghd; fiuahJ. Nrjd fiug;ghd;fspy; ed;F fiuAk;.
Eg :- fhgdhl;FNshiul;L (CCl4)
vf;Nrd;

,ypg;gpl;L gpujhdkhf 2 tifg;gLk;.
1. nfhOg;G :- miuntg;gepiyapy; jpz;kepiyapy; fhzg;gLk;.

rP];, kh[upd;
2. vz;nza; :- jput epiyapy; fhzg;gLk;.
Njq;fha; vz;nza;
Rpy ,ypg;gpl;Lf;fs; :-
1. nfhOg;G
2. ng];Ngh ,ypg;gpl;L
3. ];unuhapl;L (stetiod)
4. nkOF
,ypg;gpl;bd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
rf;jp Kjyhf njhopw;gly;.
 ,ypg;gpl;bd; xl;rpNaw;wg;gLtjd; %yk; mjpfsT rf;jp gpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
clw;fl;likg;G $Wfis cUthf;Fjy;.

 Eg :- fynkd;rt;T – ngh];Ngh ,ypg;gpl;L
ntg;gf;fhtypahf njhopw;gly;.
 Eg :- KiyA+l;bfspd; Njhypd; fPo; nfhOg;Gg;gil fhzg;gly;.
ePupog;ig jLj;jy;.
 Eg :- rpy jhtuq;fspd; ,iyapd; Gwj;Njhypy; nkOFg;gil fhzg;gly;. (fpA+w;wpd;)
 G+r;rpfspd; Gwtd;$l;by; nkOF fhzg;gly;.
Rpy XNkhd; cw;gj;jp
 Eg :- <];NuhIpd;
GNuhnI];jpNuhd;
Nrkpg;Gzthf fhzg;gly;.
 Eg :- Njq;fha;
Mkzf;F

,ypg;gpl;il ,dq;fhzy;
Nrhjidg; nghUs; :- #lhd;;iii
nra;Kiw :-
Nrhjidf;Fohia ed;F FYf;Ff.
mtjhdk; :- rptg;G epw vz;nza;f; Nfhsq;fs; Njhd;wpd.
KbT :- Njq;fha; vz;izapy; ,ypg;gpl;L cz;L.
epA+f;fpspf;fkpyk; (Nuclic Acid)

capu;j;jd;ikapd; mbg;gilahd ,urhad gjhu;j;jk; epA+f;fpspf;fkpyf;fkpykhFk;.
fyj;jpd; fUtpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLtjhy; epA+f;fpspf;fkpyk; vdg;gLfpwJ.
C,H,O,N,P Mfpa %yfq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,J epAf;fpspNahiul;Lf;fspd; gy;gFjpakhFk;.
epAf;fpspNahiul;L 03 $Wfspdhy; MdJ.
1.ngd;NlhR nty;yf; $l;lk;
2.iejurd; cg;G %yk;
3.nghRg;Ngw;W

nghRNgw;W iejurd; cg;G %yk;
xU epA+f;fpspNahill;L
ngd;NlhR nty;yk;
epA+f;fspf;fkpyk; 2 tifg;gLk;.
1. DNA
2. RNA
DNA – B xf;rpiwNgh epA+f;fpspf;fkpyk;
DNA ,d; Mf;f myF B xf;rpiwNgh epA+f;fpspNahiul;L MFk;.
,J gpd;tUk; $Wfshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

1. B xf;rp iwNgh]; nty;yk;
2. iejurd; cg;G %yk;
3. nghRNgw;W
DNA ,y; 4 tifahd cg;G %yq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.

1. mbdpd; A
2. jakpd; T
3. Fthdpd; G
4. irw;Nwhrpd; C
NOTE :-
DNA %yf;$W ,ul;il RUsp tbtKilaJ. ,jpy; A-T clDk; G-C clDk; nghUe;Jk;.

DNA
fyj;jpDs; eilngWk; rfy nraw;ghLfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;. (capu;r;nraw;ghLfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;)
DNA ,y; Vw;gLk; tpfhuk; $u;g;Gf;F cjTk;.
RNA
,jd; fl;likg;gyF iwNgh epA+f;fpspNahill;lhFk;.
iwNgh epA+f;fpspNahill;L gpd;tUk; $Wfspdhy; Mf;fg;gl;lJ.

1. iwNghR nty;yk;
2. nghRNgw;Wf; $l;lk;
3. iejurd; cg;G %yk;
 mbdpd; A
 Auhrpy; U
 irw;Nwhrpd; C
 Fthdpd; G
RNA jdp gl;bahyhdJ.
RNA apd; njhopy;fs;

 Guj njhFg;Gf;F cjTjy;.
 ituRf;fspy; guk;giu jfty;fis fsQ;rpag;gLj;Jk;.

capupay; %yf;$WfspYs;s gpujhd %yfq;fis ,dq;fhzy;.
1. H,O I (H2O) ,dq;fhzy;
nra;Kiw :-
fz;zhbj;jl;bd; kPJ gbAk; jputj;JspfSf;F Nfhghw; FNshiul;Lj; jhis ,Lf. (ePyepwk;)
mtjhdk; :- jhs; ,sQ;rptg;G epwkhf khwpaJ.
KbT:- kPd;, ,iyapy; ePu; cz;L.
2. fhgd; mlq;fpAs;sij ,dq;fhzy;.
nra;Kiw :-
jhtu ,iy, rpwpjsT NrhW, kPd;Jz;L vd;gtw;iw jdpj;jdpahf miuj;njLf;f.
mtw;iw ntt;Ntwhd Gilf;FifapyplL

; ed;F ntg;gNkw;Wf.
fpilf;Fk; tpisit ntz;zpw fljhrpapy; cNuhQ;Rf.
mtjhdk; :- fWg;G epw NfhLfs; Njhd;wpd.
KbT:- mtw;wpy; fhgd; cz;L.
NOTE:-
iejurid ,dq;fhz igANuw;W Nrhjid Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
ePu;
mq;fpfspd; clypy; kpf mjpfstpy; fhzg;gLk; mNrjd Nru;it ePuhFk;.
cly; epiwapy; 2/3 gq;F (65%) gq;F ePuhFk;
Gtpapd; KjyhtJ mq;fp ePupNyNaj; Njhd;wpaJ.

mq;fpfspd; epyTiff;F Mjhukhf mikAk; jdpj;Jtkhd ,lq;fs;.
1. rppwe;j fiug;ghd;
capu; ,urhad jhf;fq;fs; epfOk; Clfkhfj; njhopw;gLfpd;wJ.
fopTfs;,kyk;; mfw;wg;gly;.
jhtu Ntu;fspdhy; fdpAg;Gf;fs; mfj;JwpQ;rg;gly;.
2. cly; ntg;gepiy rPuhf;fy; (Fspu;j;Jjy;)

ePupd; jd;ntg;gf;nfhs;ssT mjpfkhifahy; cly; ntg;gepiy rPuhf;fj;jpw;F cjTfpwJ.
3. Rthr Clfkhf njhopw;gly;.
4. flj;jy; Clfkhf njhopw;gly;.

FUjp %yk; gjhu;j;jq;fs; nfhz;;L nry;yg;gLk;.
Eg :- Nghriz gjhu;j;jq;fs;
XNkhd;fs;
thAf;fs;.
ePu;%yf;$WfSf;fpilNaahd gpizT tpir, xl;lw;gz;G tpir fhuzkhf cau;e;j jhtuq;fspd;

fhopDlhf ePu; NkNy nry;fpwJ.
5. mq;fpfspd; thoplkhf fhzg;gly;.

ePu; gdpf;fl;bahFk; NghJ mjd; mlu;j;jp FiwfpwJ.
fdpAg;Gf;fs;
kdpj clypy; 7% fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,tw;wpy; ¾ gq;F fy;rpak;, nghRguR mlq;fpAs;sJ.
,J 2 tifg;gLk;.
1. kh%yfq;fs;
Eg :- C,H,O,N,P,Ca,K,S,Na
2. Ez;%yfq;fs;
Eg :- Fe, I, Zn, Cu, Mn

fdpAg;Gf;fspd; njhopw;ghLfSk; Fiwghl;L tpisTfSk;
%yfk; njhopy;fs; Fiwghl;L tpisTfs;

mad; rkepiyia Ngzy; jirfspd; Fiwghl;L eypTwy;
,jaj;jpd; njhopw;ghL ,iyfspd; Edpapy; ,ioa
nghl;lhrpak; Gujj;njhFg;G ,wg;G Neha;
,iytha; %bj;jpwj;jy; ,iyapy; kQ;rs; fgpy epw
jpl;Lf;fs; Njhd;wy;.
nehjpa Vtp
fyj;jpd; gpurhuz mKf;fj;ij Rthrf; FiwghL
Nrhbak; Ngzy; jirg;gpbg;G
euk;Gf; fzj;jhf;fk;
vd;G gy; tsu;r;rp X];upNah GNuh]p];

FUjp ciwjy; gy; vd;G eyptiljy;
fy;rpak; fyr;Rtupd; Mf;ff;$W vd;GUf;fp Neha;
tpw;wkpd; D mfj;JwpQ;ry; ,iy Edp fUFjy;.
gr;iraj;jpd; $W ,jaj;Jbg;G mjpfupf;Fk;.

td;$l;Lj;jir kw;Wk; euk;G jsu;r;rp
kf;dPrpak; euk;Gfspd; njhopw;ghl;il ntz;gr;ir Neha;
fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.
vd;G gy; tsu;r;rp vd;G eyptiljy;

epAf;fpspf;fkpyk; kw;Wk; ATP ,iyfspy; rptg;G Cjh
nghRguR ,d; $W Gs;spfs;
Ntu;fspd; tsu;r;rp Fiwjy;.
<NkhFNshgpd; cw;gj;jp FUjpr;Nrhiz

gr;ira cw;gj;jp ,iyfspy; ntz;gr;ir
,Uk;G
ijnuhl;rpd; kw;Wk; XNkhd; tpNtfk; Ez;kjp Fiwjy;

maBd; njhFg;G Fwy; epiy foiy
mkpNdhmkpyj;jpd; $W ntz;gr;ir Neha;

ry;gu;

tpw;wkpd;fs;;
tpw;wkpd;fs; vd;gJ NrjdNru;itfshFk;.
,it 2 tifg;gLk;.
1. ePupy; fiuaf;$baJ
B,C
2. ePupy; fiuahjJ.
A,D,E,K
tpw;wkPd; b rpf;fyhd tpw;wkpdhFk;. ,jpy; B1, B2, B6, B12 vd gy tifAz;L.
tpw;wkpd;fspd; gad;fs;
tpw;wkpd; gad;fs; Fiwghl;L tpisTfs;

ghu;itf;F mtrpak khiyf;fz;
Njhypd; MNuhf;fpak; gPl;Nlhg;Gs;sp
A Njhy; cyu;e;J fhzg;gly;
Ca, P mfj;JwpQ;riy vd;GUf;fp

fl;Lg;gLj;jy; X];upNah GNuh]p];
D
fyq;fs; kw;Wk; ,iyfspd; Kjpu;r;rpf;F Kd; Foe;ij gpwj;jy;
tsu;r;rpf;F cjTk; nrq;Fopaq;fs; moptiljy;
E
FUjp ciwjYf;F cjTjy; FUjp ciwjy; jhkjkiljy;
K
Njhypd; MNuhf;fpak; KuR fiujy.
gy; kpspup cUthjy;
C
euk;gpioaq;fis Ngzy; ngupngup Neha;
nrq;Fopa cw;gj;jp FUjp Nrhif
B Njhopd; MNuhf;fpak; cyu;e;j Njhy;.


GR 10 Science Unit 01

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GR 10 Science Unit 01

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UNIT -01

capupd; ,urhad mbg;gil

rlg;nghUl;fs; ahTk; mZf;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

capu;r;rlg;nghUl;fs; gy;NtW Nru;itfspdhy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

2. mNrjd Nru;it ( fhgid nfhz;buhj Nru;it)

Publised by :- DEC(Digital Education Center)

capu; rlg;nghUs;fis Mf;fpAs;s gpujhd Nrjdr;Nru;itfs; capupay; %yf;$Wfs; vdg;gLk;.

,it ehd;F tifg;gLk;.

,J C,H,O Mfpa %yfq;fshy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,jpy; H:O vDk; tpfpjk; 2:1 Mf fhzg;gLk;.

xUrf;fiul;L ,Urf;fiul;L gy;rf;fiul;L

FSf;NfhR Rf;NuhR khg;nghUs;

Publised by :- DEC(Digital Education Center)

fhNghi`jNuw;wpd; fl;likg;gpd; myF xU rf;fiul;L.

,it jdp nty;y %yf;$WfshFk;. (vspa nty;yk;)

,tw;wpd; #j;jpuk; - [CH2O]n

,it ,dpg;Gr;Rit cilaJ, ePupy; fiuaf;$baJ, gspq;fhf;f$baJ.

xUrf;fiul;L fhzg;gLk; ,lq;fs; ,ay;Gfs;

goq;fs;, ,dpg;Grit $baJ

Publised by :- DEC(Digital Education Center)

Nrhjidg;nghUs; :- gPypq;fpd; fiury; A,B (ePyepwk;)

mtjhdk ;:- gpd;tUkhW epwkhw;wk; Vw;gLk;.

ePyk; gr;ir grpa kQ;rs; nrk;kQ;rs; nrq;fl;b rptg;Gepw tPo;gbT

 ,Urf;fiul;L ( Disaccharide) – C12H22O11

,uz;L xU rf;fiul;L %yf;$Wfs; ,iztjhy; (xLf;fkiltjhy;) ,Urf;fiul;L Njhd;WfpwJ.

,jd;NghJ xU %yf;$W ePu; ,of;fg;gLfpwJ.

C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O

xUrf;fiul;L + xUrf;fiul;L ,Urf;fiul;L + ePu;

,Urf;fiul;L ePNuw;wkilAk; NghJ xU rf;fiul;L Njhd;Wk;.

Publised by :- DEC(Digital Education Center)

FSf;NfhR + FSf;NfhR Rf;FNuhR + ePu;

FSf;NfhR + FSf;NfhR Nkhy;NlhR + ePu;

FSf;NfhR + fyf;NlhR yf;NlhR + ePu;

yf;NlhR ,dpg;GRit mw;wJ, jhtuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk;, KiyA+l;bfspd; ghypy; fhzg;gLk;.

Nrhjidg;nghUs; :- gPypq;fpd; fiury; A,B / ngdbf; fiury;

 rPdpf;fiurYf;F rpwpjsT HCL/H2SO4 ,Lf.

 nfhjpFohia ePu;j;jhopapDs; itj;J ntg;gNkw;Wf.

 Nkyjpf mkpyj;ij eLepiyahf;f Nrhbak; fhgNdw;W ,Lf.

 gpd;G ngdbf; fiurypd; rpy Jspfis ,Lf.

Publised by :- DEC(Digital Education Center)

ePyk; gr;ir grpa kQ;rs; nrk;kQ;rs; nrq;fl;b rptg;Gepw tPo;gbT

 gy;rf;fiul;L ( Polysaccharide) – C6H10O5

mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd xUrf;fiul;L %yf;$Wfs; ,iztjhy; cUthd gy;gFjpa Nru;it ,JthFk;.

,it ePupy; fiuahJ, ,dpg;Gr;Rit mw;wJ, gspq;fhf;f KbahJ.

gy;rf;fiul;L ePupy; gFg;gilAk; NghJ xUrf;fiul;L Njhd;Wk;.

,Dhypd; jhtuq;fspd; Nrkpg;GzT

Publised by :- DEC(Digital Education Center)

Nrhjidg; nghUs; :- maBd; fiury; (fgpy epwk;)

 khg;nghUSf;F (NrhW) maBd; fiurypd; rpW Jspfis ,Lf.

mtjhdk; :- fUePyepwk; Njhd;Wk;.

 mq;fpfspd; cly; fl;likg;Gfis Mf;Fjy;.

 epAf;fpspf;fkpyj;jpd; Mf;ff;$W MFk;.

rpytw;wpy; S (fe;jfk;) fhzg;glyhk;.

mkpNdhmkpyj;jpd; nghJikg;ghlhd fl;likg;G :-

Publised by :- DEC(Digital Education Center)

Eg :- vspa mkpNdhtkpyk; ( fpisrpd;) fl;likg;G

Gujk; mlq;fpAs;s rpy czTfs;

Gujk; fhzg;gLk; ,lk;

kNahrpd;, vf;upd; jir

my;Gkpd; Kl;il ntz;fU

<NkhFNshgpd; nrq;Fopak; (RBC)

ful;Bd; cNuhkk;, efk;, ,wF