Motion in A Plane

3 Motion in a Plane
Past Year Trend Analysis NEET (Year 2012-2021)
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Number of Questions

7

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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

Year
Past Year Weightage Percentage

Exam Average % Weightage Critical Concepts
NEET 2.43 • Relative motion, projectile motion,

circular motion
Questions Segmentation
Topic-wise Questions Morale Booster Questions Multi-Concept Questions NEET Past 10 Year Questions Total
64 30 39 19* 152
*Past 10 year questions include Re-NEET Paper and Covid Paper Questions also.
46 Motion in a Plane
6. Unit vector : A vector divided by its magnitude is defined as

PHYSICAL QUANTITIES 

a unit vector. Unit vector for A is Â (read as A cap / A hat).
 
ˆ A ˆ A
Scalar and Vector Quantities ⸫ A= or A =  .
A A
Scalar quantities – Any physical quantity which can be

described by only specifying its magnitude is known as a Thus, we can say that unit vector of a given vector gives us the

scalar quantity. direction of the given vector.
Examples – Mass, length, time, work done, volume, density 7. Axial Vectors : These represent rotational effects and are

etc. always along the axis of rotation in accordance with right hand
screw rule. Angular velocity, torque and angular momentum,
Vector quantities – Any physical quantity which has
etc., are example of physical quantities of this type.

magnitude as well as direction and which obeys the triangle
law of vector addition is known as a vector quantity.
Example – Velocity, acceleration, force, impulse etc.

VECTORS
Types of Vector
  8. Coplanar vector: Three (or more) vectors are called coplanar
1. Equal vectors : Two vectors A and B are said to be equal if

vector if they lie in the same plane. Two (free) vectors are

they have equal magnitudes and both have the same direction. always coplanar.
  Addition of Vectors
A B
  Triangle law of vector addition – If two vectors are represented
A and B are equal vectors. by the two sides of a triangle taken in one order then their resultant

  can be represented by the third side of the triangle in opposite
2. Parallel vector : Two vectors A and B are said to be parallel
order.

vectors if
C
(i) Both have the same direction.

)

(ii) One vector is scalar (positive) non-zero multiple of  + Q
 ( P

another vector. 
R= Q
 
A B
 A  B
C P
     
A , B , C are parallel vectors. AC
= ( AB + BC )

 
3. Anti-parallel vectors : Two vectors A and B are said to be Parallelogram law of vector addition – If two vectors can be

anti-parallel vectors if represented by the two adjacent sides of a parallelogram then
(i) Both have the opposite direction. their resultant vector can be represented by the diagonal of the
parallelogram such that the tail of the diagonal is at the point of

(ii) One vector is scalar non-zero negative multiple of intersection of the tails of the two vectors.

another vector. D B

A
 Q
B R
 
A and B are anti-parallel vectors.
θ

4. Collinear vectors: Two vectors are said to be collinear if they ϕ θ
C

have the same direction or are parallel or anti-parallel. They O P A
can be expressed in the form a = Kb where a and b are vectors Polygon law of vector addition – Polygon law of vector addition
and ‘K’ is a scalar quantity. states that if a number of vectors can be represented in magnitude

5. ()
Zero vector 0 : A vector having magnitude zero and and direction by the sides of a polygon taken in the same order,
then their resultant is represented in magnitude and direction by

pointing in any arbitrary direction (not known to us) is a zero
 the closing side of the polygon taken in the opposite order
vector. It is represented by 0 .
Motion in a Plane 47
Let us find the resultant of four vectors (1) Magnitude

M
 Since, R2 = ON 2 + CN 2
 D 
C C
 N
A +  
D
C
  + D

B+
L

C

 + B
 A + B +

B A 
B

R=
 O  K
A A ⇒ R2 = (OA + AN)2 + CN2
⇒ R2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos q
Analytical Method of Vector Addition   
\ R = | R | = | A + B | = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos θ
Finding magnitude of resultant vector using triangle
Special cases : when q = 0º R = A + B,
law
when q = 180º R = A – B
AN
In DABN, cos θ = \ AN = AB cos q ⇒ AN = B cos q when q = 90°=
R A2 + B 2
AB
BN (2) Direction
sin θ = \ BN = AB sin q ⇒ BN = B cos q
AB CN B sin θ
tan=
β =
ON A + B cos θ
Practice
The Pause
Q. Two forces of magnitudes 2F and 2F act such that the

In DOBN, we have OB2 = ON2 + BN2 resultant force is 10F . Then find the angle between the
two forces.
⇒ R2 = (A + B cos q)2 + (B sin q)2
Ans. Given that:

⇒ R2 = A2 + B2 cos2 q + 2AB cos q + B2 sin2 q The magnitude of the resultant R = 10F

⇒ R2 = A2 + B2 cos2 q + 2AB cos q + B2 sin2 q Let the two forces be P = 2F and Q = 2F

⇒ R2 = A2 + B2 (cos2 q+ sin2 q) + 2AB cos q The angle between the two forces is θ.

⇒ R2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos q ⇒ R = A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos θ P 2 + Q 2 + 2PQ cos θ = R

( 2F )2 + ( ) ( )
2
Finding Direction of Resultant Vector 2F + 2 ( 2F ) 2F cos θ = 10F

 
If q is angle between A and B ⇒ 4 2 F2 cosθ = 4F2

  1
then | A + B =| A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos θ ⇒ cosθ =
 2


If R makes an angle α with A , then in DOBN, ⇒ θ = 45°

BN BN
tan=
α =
ON OA + AN Subtraction of Vectors
     
B sin θ Since A − B = A + (− B) and | A + B |= A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos θ
tan α =
A + B cos θ
 
⇒ | A −=
B| A2 + B 2 + 2 AB cos (180º − θ)
Finding magnitude and direction of two vectors using
Parallelogram Law of Vector Addition Since, cos (180º– q) = – cos q
If two non zero vector are represented by the two adjacent sides of  
⇒ | A − B |= A2 + B 2 − 2 AB cos θ
a parallelogram then their resultant is represented by the diagonal
of the parallelogram originating from the point where the tail of B sin θ B sin (180 − θ)
tan α1 = and tan α 2 =
A + B cos θ A + B cos (180 − θ)
two vectors meet.
But sin (180º – q) = sin q and cos(180º – q) = – cos q

Practice
B sin θ The Pause
⇒ tan α 2 =
A − B cos θ
Q. A ball is thrown with an initial velocity of 70 feet per
second, at an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Find the
vertical and horizontal components of the velocity.
Ans. Let v represent the velocity and use the given information to
write v in unit vector form:
180 –
v = 70(cos(35°)) i + 70(sin (35°)) j
Simiplify the scalars, we get:
v ≈ 57.34i + 40.15j
Since the scalars are the horizontal and vertical components
of v.
Resolution of Vector Therefore, the horizontal component is 57.34 feet per
The process of splitting a vector into various parts is called the second and the vertical component is 40.15 feet per second.
resolution of vectors. These parts of a vector act in different
directions and are called “components of vector”. 

Consider a vector v actingat a point that makes an angle q with Rectangular Components of a 3-D Vector R
the positive x-axis. Vector v is represented by a line OA. Draw a 
Let, R = Rxiˆ + Ry ˆj + Rz kˆ
perpendicular AB from point A on the x-axis. Suppose OB and BA 
represent two vectors. Let R makes an angle a with x axis, b with y axis and g with z

y y axis and l, m and n are the direction cosines of the vector R , then
A A Rx
⇒ cos α
= = l
 Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2

v v
 Ry
vy ⇒ cosβ
= = m
θ θ Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
O x  x
O B Rz
vx ⇒ cos γ
= = n
Rx + Ry2 + Rz2
2
The magnitude of the horizontal component
Consider the above right-angled triangle OAB
OB
cosθ =
OA
OB = OA cosθ
vx = v cosθ ...(i)
The magnitude of the vertical component
AB Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
sinθ =
OA As, l2 + m2 + n2 = cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = =1
Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
AB = OA sinθ
⇒ (1 – sin2 a) + (1 – sin2 b) + ( 1 – sin2 g) = 1
vy = v sinθ ...(ii)
 ⸫ sin2 a + sin2 b + sin2 g = 2
(1) The magnitude of the vector v is obtained by squaring and
adding equation (ii) and (iii), i.e. Key Note
v = v 2x + v 2y When a point P have coordinate (x, y, z) then its position

vector OP = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ
(2) The direction of the vector is obtained by dividing equation
When a particle moves from point (x1, y1, z1) to (x2, y2, z2)
(iii) by (ii), i.e. then its displacement vector
vy 
tan θ = r =( x2 – x1 )iˆ + ( y2 – y1 ) ˆj + ( z2 – z1 )kˆ
vx
But sin (180º – q) = sin q and cos(180º – q) = – cos q

Practice
B sin θ The Pause
⇒ tan α 2 =
A − B cos θ
Q. A ball is thrown with an initial velocity of 70 feet per
second, at an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Find the
vertical and horizontal components of the velocity.
Ans. Let v represent the velocity and use the given information to
write v in unit vector form:
180 –
v = 70(cos(35°)) i + 70(sin (35°)) j
Simiplify the scalars, we get:
v ≈ 57.34i + 40.15j
Since the scalars are the horizontal and vertical components
of v.
Resolution of Vector Therefore, the horizontal component is 57.34 feet per
The process of splitting a vector into various parts is called the second and the vertical component is 40.15 feet per second.
resolution of vectors. These parts of a vector act in different
directions and are called “components of vector”. 

Consider a vector v actingat a point that makes an angle q with Rectangular Components of a 3-D Vector R
the positive x-axis. Vector v is represented by a line OA. Draw a 
Let, R = Rxiˆ + Ry ˆj + Rz kˆ
perpendicular AB from point A on the x-axis. Suppose OB and BA 
represent two vectors. Let R makes an angle a with x axis, b with y axis and g with z

y y axis and l, m and n are the direction cosines of the vector R , then
A A Rx
⇒ cos α
= = l
 Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2

v v
 Ry
vy ⇒ cosβ
= = m
θ θ Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
O x  x
O B Rz
vx ⇒ cos γ
= = n
Rx + Ry2 + Rz2
2
The magnitude of the horizontal component
OB
cosθ =
OA
OB = OA cosθ
vx = v cosθ ...(i)
The magnitude of the vertical component
AB Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
sinθ =
OA As, l2 + m2 + n2 = cos2 a + cos2 b + cos2 g = =1
Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2
AB = OA sinθ
⇒ (1 – sin2 a) + (1 – sin2 b) + ( 1 – sin2 g) = 1
vy = v sinθ ...(ii)
 ⸫ sin2 a + sin2 b + sin2 g = 2
(1) The magnitude of the vector v is obtained by squaring and
adding equation (ii) and (iii), i.e. Key Note
v = v 2x + v 2y When a point P have coordinate (x, y, z) then its position

vector OP = xiˆ + yjˆ + zkˆ
(2) The direction of the vector is obtained by dividing equation
When a particle moves from point (x1, y1, z1) to (x2, y2, z2)
(iii) by (ii), i.e. then its displacement vector
vy 
tan θ = r =( x2 – x1 )iˆ + ( y2 – y1 ) ˆj + ( z2 – z1 )kˆ
vx
   
| P × Q | = | Q × P | = AB sin θ Practice
    The Pause
In case of vector P × Q and Q × P magnitudes are equal
but directions are opposite. Q. Find the angle between the vectors î − 2ˆj + 3kˆ and 3iˆ − 2ˆj + kˆ .
(ii) The vector product is distributive when the order of the 
vectors is strictly maintained, i.e. Ans. a = 12 + (−2) 2 + 32 = 1 + 4 + 9= 14
       
P × (Q + R) = P × Q + P × R b= 32 + (−2) 2 + 12= 9 + 4 + 1= 14
   
(iii) Vector product of two vectors P × Q = PQ sin θ n̂
  ( )(
Now, a ⋅ b = î − 2ˆj + 3kˆ 3iˆ − 2ˆj + kˆ )
  −1  | P × Q |  = 1.3 + (–2) (–2) + 3.1
So | P × Q=| PQ sin θ i.e. θ =sin    
| P | | Q |  = 3 + 4 + 3 = 10
(iv) The self cross product, i.e., product of a vector by itself    
Also, we know that=
a ⋅ b − a b cos θ
is equal to a null vector
   ∴10
= 14 14 cos θ
= P × P PP sin= 0º nˆ 0
10
⇒ cos θ =
⇒ iˆ × iˆ = ˆj × ˆj = kˆ × kˆ = 0
14
(v) In case of orthogonal unit vectors, iˆ, ˆj , kˆ in accordance 5
⇒ θ =cos −1  
with right hand screw rule : 7
RELATIVE VELOCITY

Let, body A is moving with a velocity VA w.r.t. ground and B is
moving with velocity VB w.r.t. ground
  
Relative velocity of body ‘A’ w.r.t. ‘B’ is given by VR = VA – VB
iˆ × ˆj = kˆ, ˆj × kˆ = and
iˆ kˆ × iˆ =ˆj   
Relative velocity of body ‘B’ w.r.t. ‘A’ is given by VR = VB – VA
And as cross product is not commutative,
ˆj × iˆ =−kˆ kˆ × ˆj =−iˆ and iˆ × kˆ =− ˆj V A – V B and V B – V A are equal in magnitude but opposite in

direction.
Practice VR = VA – VB = VA2 + VB 2 – 2.VAVB ⋅ cos θ
The Pause
(a) For two bodies moving in the same direction,magnitude of
Q. Find the scalar and vector products of two vectors,
relative velocity is equal to the difference of magnitude of
( )
a = 3iˆ − 4ˆj + 5kˆ and b = −2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ . ( ) velocities.
Ans. a ⋅ b= (3iˆ − 4ˆj + 5kˆ ) ⋅ ( −2iˆ + ˆj − 3kˆ ) VA – VB
∴ VR =
= –6 – 4 – 15 (b) For two bodies moving in opposite directions, magnitude of
= –25 relative velocity is equal to the sum of the magnitude of their
î ˆj kˆ velocities.
a × b = 3 −4 5 = 7iˆ − ˆj − 5kˆ ∴ VR =VA + VB
−2 1 −3
Practice
Note b × a = −7iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ
The Pause
Examples of vector product of two vectors
   Q. A boat A is moving towards the north with a velocity of
(i) Torque τ = r × F 100 km/hr and boat B is moving towards the south with
  
(ii) Angular momentum L= r × p a velocity of 50 km/hr such that both are moving towards
   each other, what will be the velocity of boat A with respect
(iii) Velocity v = ω× r
 to an observer in boat B?
(iv) Force on a charged particle q moving with velocity v in
    (Consider boat is moving on still water)
a magnetic field Q is given by = F q (v × Q )
      Ans. vrelative = v1 + v2 = 100 + 50 = 150 km/hr
(v) Torque on a dipole in a field τ E = p × E and τQ = M × Q
Rain Umbrella Concept


If the rain is falling with a velocity VR and a man moves with a

velocity VM relative to ground, he will observe the rain falling VRM
  
with a velocity VRM= VR − VM .

Case – I: If rain is falling vertically with a velocity VR and an
–(VM – VRX) VRX

observer is moving horizontally with velocity VM , the velocity of –VM
  
rain relative to observer will be: VRM= VR − VM
(Relative velocity VM − VRx

tan β =
of rain w.r.t man ) VRy
(Actual velocity
of rain is VR)
Motion of a Boat in the River
(i) A boat making an angle q with the normal
(Actual velocity Suppose the boat starts along the direction AC on one bank
of man is VM) with velocity VB and reaches the other bank at point D
The magnitude of velocity of rain relative to man is
V=
RM VR2 + VM2
If b is the angle made by the umbrella with vertical, then,

V
tan β = M
VR The component of velocity of boat opposite to the flow of water
is VB sin q
Case – II: If a man is moving with a velocity VM relative to ground The component of velocity of boat perpendicular to the flow of
towards east(positive x-axis), and the rain is falling with a velocity water is VB cos q
 d
VR relative to ground by making an angle q with vertical(negative The time taken by the boat to cross the river is, t =
 VB cos θ
z-axis). Then the velocity of rain relative to man VRM is as shown
Distance travelled by the boat along the flow of water is
in figure. = (VR – VB sin q) × t

VR VRx iˆ − VRy kˆ ;
=  d   d 
x=(VR − VB sin θ)    t = 
 VB cos θ   VB cos θ 
VM = VM iˆ
(a) The boat reaches the other end of the river to the right of
B if VR > VB sin q
(b) The boat reaches the other end of the river to the left of B if
VR < VB sin q
(c) The boat reaches the exactly opposite point on the bank
VRM if VR = VB sin q
(ii) A Boat Crossing the River in Shortest Distance
Let VBR = relative velocity of the boat w.r.t. river
VRx – vM
and tan b = ...(2)
VRy
Case - III : If the man increases his speed further, he will see the
rain falling with a velocity as shown in figure.
(a) To cross the rain in shortest distance The boat has

to be rowed upstream making some angle q with
PROJECTILES
normal to the bank of the river which is given by q
A body projected with some velocity and moving under the
–1  VR
 influence of gravity in air in two dimensions is called a projectile.
where, θ = sin  
 VB  It is of two types
(b) Velocity of boat wrt river has a magnitude of (1) Oblique projectile (2) Horizontal projectile
VBR = VB 2 – VR 2 Oblique Projectile:

d Any body projected in air with some velocity at angle of ‘q’ [q
(c) The time taken to cross the river is t = ≠ 90º and 0º] with the horizontal is called an oblique projectile.
VB 2 – VR 2
Horizontal component of velocity ux = u cos q, remains
(iii) A Boat Crossing the River in Shortest Time: constant throughout the journey.
Vertical component of velocity uy = u sin q, varies while
moving along the path.
Y

 VBR A u cosq
VB x
u sinq
u y H
g
q
O X
u cosq B
If VB , VR are the velocities of a boat and river flow respectively At The Point of Projection
then to cross the river in shortest time, the boat has to be rowed Horizontal component of velocity ux = u cos q
across the river i.e., along normal to the banks of the river.
Vertical component of velocity uy = u sin q
d 
(a) Time taken to cross the river, t = where d = width of u u cos θ iˆ + u sin θ ˆj
Velocity vector =
VB
Angle between Velocity and acceleration is (90 + q)
the river. This time is independent of velocity of the river
flow Horizontal acceleration, ax = 0
(b) Velocity of boat w.r.t ground has a magnitude of vertical acceleration ay = –g
VBR
= VB 2 + VR 2 (i) Time of flight
Let us consider vertical upward motion of the object from
–1  VR
 O to A, we have
(c) The direction of the resultant velocity is θ = tan  
 VB  uy = u sin q, ay = –g, t = T/2 and vy = 0
with the normal.
d T
(d) The distance (BC) traveled downstream= VR × Since, vy = uy + ayt ⇒ 0 = u sin q – g
VB 2
2u sin θ
\ Time of flight, T =
Practice g
The Pause (ii) Maximum height
Q. A river is 20 m wide. River speed is 3 m/s. A boat starts Let us consider the vertical upward motion of the projectile
with velocity perpendicular to river current. Velocity of from O to A.
boat is 5 m/s. How far from the point directly opposite to We have,
the starting point does the boat reach the opposite bank? uy = u sin q, ay = –g, y0 = 0, y = H,
Ans. Let the horizontal drift of the boat at the opposite bank be L T u sin θ
t
= =
d 2 g
Time taken by the boat to reach the opposite bank t =
Vb 1
Using this relation, y = uyt + a t2
20 2 y
⇒ t= = 4s
5 2
u sin θ 1  u sin θ 
We have H = u sin q + (− g )  
\ L = VW × t = 3 × 4 = 12 m g 2  g 
u2 1 u 2 sin 2 θ Where A and B are constants

= sin 2 θ −
g 2 g g
A = tan θ, B =
2 2
u sin θ 2u 2 cos 2 θ
Maximum height, H =
2g From the above equation q = tan–1 (A)
(iii) Horizontal Range A
(k) Range of the projectile R =
The horizontal range of a projectile is defined as the horizontal B
distance covered by the projectile during its time of flight. It is
A2
denoted by I. (l) Maximum height H =
4B
sin θ
\ OB = R = u cos q × T = u cos q × 2u
g 2A2
Time of flight (T ) =
u 2 sin 2θ Bg
Horizontal range, R = ( sin 2 q = 2 sin q cos q)
g
The horizontal range will be maximum, if angle of projection (m) Initial velocity u = (
g 1 + A2 )
is 45°. 2B
u2 (n) At the maximum height
\ Maximum horizontal range, Rm =
g (a) The vertical component of velocity becomes
For same value of initial velocity, horizontal range of projectile zero.
is same for complementary angles.
(b) The velocity of the projectile is minimum at the
So, R30° = R60° or R20° = R70° highest point and equal to u cos q.
(c) Acceleration is equal to acceleration due
Key Note to gravity ‘g’, and it always acts vertically
downwards.
At an instant ‘t’
(d) The angle between minimum velocity and
(a) Horizontal acceleration, ax = 0 acceleration is 90º.
(b) Vertical acceleration ay = –g
(c) Horizontal component of velocity
Important Points To Be Memorized
vx = u cos q
Relation between H, T and R
(d) Vertical component of velocity
H g H tan θ R g
vy = uy + ay t = u sin q – gt (a) 2
= (b) = (c) 2 =
T 8 R 4 T 2 tan θ
(e) Resultant Velocity Complimentary angles of projection
(a) When two bodies are projected with same initial
=v v 2x + =
v 2y ( u cos θ )2 + ( u sin θ − gt )2
velocity but at two different angles of projection
(f) Direction of velocity is given by q and (90 – q) then range is same.
(b) If T1 are T2 the times of flight for complimentary
−1  v y  −1  u sin θ − gt 
=
θ tan
=   tan   angles of projection then
 vx   u cos θ 
T1 2R
(g) Horizontal displacement during a time t (i) = tan q (ii) T1T2 = ⇒ T1T2 aR
T2 g
x = ux t = (u cos q)t (c) If H1 and H2 are maximum heights for
(h) Vertical displacement during a time t complimentary angles of projection then
1 2 1 H1 u2
y = u yt –gt = (u sin θ)t – gt 2 =
(i) tan 2 θ (ii) H1 + H 2 =
2 2 H2 2g

(i) displacement =s x iˆ + yjˆ (iii) R = 4 H1H 2 (iv) Rmax = 2(H1 + H2)

Net displacement of the body,=s x2 + y 2 Relation between range and maximum height is 4 H =
R tan q and if R = H then q = tan–1 (4) = 76º
(j) Equation of trajectory of a projectile
If a man throws a body to a maximum distance ‘R’ then
 g  2 he can project the body to maximum vertical height
y = (tan q) x–  2 2 
x = Ax – Bx2
 2u cos θ  R/2.
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(a) The angle between velocity and acceleration

during the rise of projectile is 180º > q > 900 u
(b) The angle between velocity and acceleration u
during the fall of projectile is 0º < q < 90º
In terms of range, equation of trajectory is given by
q 90° – q
 x O
y= x tan θ 1 − 
 R 
From Eqs. (i) and (ii)
Change in the velocity of the projectile along horizontal
direction, Dvx = 0 and along vertical direction, 4u 2 sin θ cos θ
t1 t 2 =
Dvy = vf – vi = u sin q – (– u sin q) = 2u sin q g2
Change in momentum of the projectile along horizontal 2u 2 sin 2θ

t1 t 2 =
direction, Dpx = 0 and along vertical direction, Dpy = 2m g2
u sin q 2 u 2 sin 2θ
In general, change in momentum DP = mgT↓ =
g g
The projectile crosses the points A, D in t1 seconds and
2R  u 2 sin 2θ 
B, C in t2 then ∴ t1 t 2 = ∴ R = 
g  g 
8h
t12 − t22 = or t1t2 ∝ R
g
Projectile As Seen From Another Projectile

Suppose two bodies A and B are projected simltaneously from
same point with initial velocities u1 and u2 at angles q1 and q2 with
horizontal.
If a body is projected with a velocity u making an angle The instantaneous positions of the two bodies are given by
q with the horizontal, the time after which direction Body A : x1 = u1 cos q1t,
of velocity is perpendicular to the initial velocity is
1
u cosec θ u y1 u1 sin θ1t − gt 2
=
t= = and its velocity at that time is 2
g g sin θ
v = u cot q Body B : x2 = u2 cos q2 t,
1
y=
2 u2 sin θ2t − gt 2
2
Practice
The Pause Dx = (u1 cos q1 – u2 cos q2)t
Q. A projectile can have the same range R for two angles of Dy = (u1 sin q1 – u2 sin q2)t
projection. If t1 and t2 be the times fo flights in the two cases,
then the product of the two times of flights is proportional to ∆y u1 sin θ1 − u2 sin θ2
slope = =
∆x u1 cos θ1 − u2 cos θ2
1
a. R2 b.
R2 (i) If u1 sin q1 = u2 sin q2. ( initial vertical components) then slope
1 ∆y
c. d. R =0
R ∆x
Ans. (d) A projectile can have same range if angle of projection
are complementary i.e., q and (90° – q) Thus, in both
cases
2u sin θ ...(i)
t1 =
g
2u sin ( 90° − θ ) 2u cos θ
=t2 = ...(ii)
g g The path is a horizontal straight line
(ii) If u1 cos q1 = u2 cos q2 ( initial horizontal components)

∆y
Then slope = ∞
∆x

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
t1 sin θ
=
The path is a vertical straight line t 2 cos θ
= tan θ
(iii) If u1 sin q1 > u2 sin q2, u1 cos q1 > u2 cos q2
Then the path. is a straight line with +Ve slope A particle is projected up from a point at an angle ‘q’ with the
(iv) If u1 sin q1 > u2 sin q2, u1 cos q1 > u2 cos q2 horizontal. At any time ‘t’ if p = linear momentum, y = vertical
(or) displacement x = horizontal displacement, then the K.E. of the
u1 sin q1 < u2 sin q2, u1 cos q1 > u2 cos q2 particle (K) plotted against these parameters can be
The path is straight line with - ve slope. (i)
K – y graph
For a projectile, ‘y’ component of velocity at half the maximum K = Ki – mgy

u sin θ As the height y increases the kinetic energy decreases.

height is
2

\ The K.E. vs distance graph is a straight line.
1 + cos 2 θ
at maximum height, resultant velocity v = u
2
Key Note It is a st. line

For a projectile, w.r.t stationary frame path or trajectory
is parabola
Path of projectile w.r.t frame of another projectile is a (ii) K – t graph
straight line
 1 
Acceleration of a projectile relative to another projectile Ki − mg  u y t − gt 2 
K=
 2 
is zero
1
y u y t − gt 2
=
2
Practice It is a parabola
The Pause
Q. A projectile can have the same range R for two angles of
projection θ and (90° – θ). If t1 and t2 be the times of flights
in the two cases, then the ratio of the two times of flights is
cos 2 θ sin θ
a. b.
2g g
c. cosθ d.
tan θ
(iii) K – x graph
2u 2 sin θ cos θ
ns. (d) R =
A
g  g x2 
K= Ki − mg  x tan θ − 2 

2u sin θ  2u x 
t1 = ...(i)
g  g  2
\ y= ( tan θ ) x −  x
2 
2u sin(90° − θ) 2u cos θ  2u x 
And t 2
= = ...(ii)
g g
It is also a parabola
Where, T is time of flight.

2h
(i) The horizontal displacement (or) range R = u
g
(ii) The velocity with which it hits the ground

V = u 2 + 2 gh = u 2 + g 2t 2
(iv) K – p2 graph (iii) The angle at which it strikes the ground

P2 = 2m.k. −1  gt  −1
 2 gh 

=θ tan
=   tan  
p2ak u   u 
(iv) If a is angle of elevation of point of projection from the
point where body hits the ground then
h gt 2 / 2 gt
tan α= = =
R ut 2u
tan θ
⇒ tan α =
It is a straight line passing through origin. 2

A particle is projected with a velocity u= ai + b j then the (b) Projectile thrown up from the top of tower making an
radius of curvature of the trajectory of the particle at the angle q with the horizontal.
(a )
2 3/2
+ b2
(i) point of projection is r =
ga
a2
(ii) Highest point is r =
g
If a gun is aimed towards a target and the bullet is fired, the
moment when the target falls, the bullet will always hit the
target irrespective of the velocity of the bullet.
1 2
h =( −u sin θ ) t +
(i) gt
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE 2
(ii)
x = u cos q × t
(a) Projectile in Horizontal Projection (iii) The velocity with which it strikes the ground
Consider a projectile, say a ball, thrown horizontally with an
initial velocity from the top of a tower of height h. =v u 2 + 2 gh

O u (iv) The angle at which it strikes the ground
 −u sin θ + gt 
P α =tan −1 
 u cos θ 
y=h
 u 2 sin 2 θ + 2 gh 
(or) α =tan −1  
 u cos θ 
A
x
The time of flight can be found out by using second equation Practice
of motion on vertical axis. The Pause
1
s y u yT + a yT 2
= Q. A ball is thrown from the top of a tower with an initial
2
1 2 velocity of 10 ms–1 at an angle of 30° with the horizontal.
s y u yT − gT
= If it hits the ground at a distance of 17.3 m from the base of
2
the tower, the height of the tower is (Take g = 10 ms–2)
sy = –h
Ans. For horizontal motion,
1
–h = 0(T) – gT 2 R = u cos q × t
2
2h R
T= or t =
g u cos θ
17.3 (d) The distance between them when their

t=
10 cos 30° displacement vectors are making an angle q with
17.3 × 2 each other is
t = 10 × 3
2 u1u2 θ
17.3 × 2
( u1 + u2 )
x= ⋅ cot
t = = 2s g 2
10 × 1.73 Two tall towers having heights h1 and h2 are separated
For vertical motion, by a distance d. A person throws a ball horizontally
1 with velocity u from the top of the first tower to reach
y = u sin qt – gt 2
2 the top of the second tower then
1
=y 10sin 30°× 2 − × 10 × 22
2
= 10 – 20 = –10 m
Height of tower = 10 m
(c) Projectile thrown down from the top of a town making an

angle q with the horizontal.
2 ( h1 − h2 )
(a) Time taken t =
g
(b) Horizontal distance traveled d = ut
u
h
b
1 2
h ( u sin θ ) t +
(a)
= gt
2 nth
(b)
x = u cos q·t step
R
(c)
The velocity with which it strikes the ground
For nth step, the horizontal distance = nb
2
=v u + 2 gh The vertical distance = nh
If horizontal velocity of ball be u, then the horizontal
(d) The angle at which it strikes the ground
distance and vertical distance after time ‘t’.
 u 2 sin 2 θ + 2 gh  nb = ut...(i)
α =tan −1 

 u cos θ  1 2
and nh = (0) (t) + gt ...(ii)
2
Important Points To Be Memorized nb
But, t = from eqn. (i)
Two bodies are projected horizontally from top of the u
2
tower of height h in opposite directions with velocities 1  nb 
We have nh = g  
u1 and u2 then 2  u 
(a) The time after which their velocity vectors are 2hu 2
u1u2 θ or, n =
making an angle q with each other t = cot gb 2
g 2
(b) The distance between them when their velocity Projectile On An Inclined Plane
vectors are making an angle q with each other
Let a body is thrown from a plane OA inclined at an angle α with
uu θ the horizontal, with a constant velocity u in a direction making an
x ( u1 + u2 ) 1 2 cot
=
g 2 angle θ with the horizontal.
(c) The time after which their position vectors are The body returns back on the same plane OA.
2 u1u2 θ
making an angle q with each other = cot Hence the net displacement of the particle in a direction normal to
g 2
the plane OA is zero.
x
2 ⋅ u ⋅ sin(θ − α) 2 ⋅10 ⋅ sin(60 − 30)
T= =
A g ⋅ cos(α) 10 ⋅ cos(30)
a )
y s in( 20 ⋅ sin(30) 2
 ) g = = s
u –a a g cos(a) 10 ⋅ cos(30) 3
(q
q g
uy a
O B CIRCULAR MOTION
ux = u cos (θ – a) along the incline, + x-axis)
Angular displacement: The angle turned by the radius
uy = u sin (θ – a) along the incline, + y-axis)
vector in a given time interval is called angular displacement
ax = g sin a along – x-axis, as retardation
arc length
ay = g cos a along – y-axis, as retardation = dθ =
radius
The time of flight of the projectile is given by
1
s = ut + at 2
2
1
or
= 0 u sin ( θ − α ) T − g cos αT 2
2
2u sin(θ − α)
T= SI Unit of Angular Displacement is Radian
g cos(α)
If maximum height above the inclined plane is H, Key Note
2 2
u sin (θ − α) Small angular displacements are vectors
H=
2g
Large angular displacements are scalar as it does not
The horizontal range R of the projectile is given by obey commutative law
2u 2 sin(θ − α) cos θ The direction of angular displacement is along the axis
OB = u cos qt =
g cos α of rotation and it is given by right hand screw rule.
The range of the projectile on the inclined plane is given by When a particle completes one revolution the angular
OB 2u sin ( θ − α ) cos θ
2 displacement is q = 2p radian
=
OA = = R
cos α g cos 2 α When a particle completes N revolutions in a circle the
angular displacement is q = 2p N
Practice When an object moves in circular path at a constant
The Pause speed, the motion is in uniform circular motion
Q. An object is launched from the base of an incline, which In uniform circular motion, uniform means constant
is at an angle of 30°. If the launch angle is 60° from the speed. But direction of velocity remains changing.
horizontal and the launch speed is 10 m/s, what is the
total flight time? The following information is given: Angular Velocity w
m m
u= 10 ; θ= 60°; g= 10 2 . The time rate of angular displacement of particle is called angular
s s
velocity
y
If Dq is angular displacement in small interval of time Dt then
g cosa
∆θ
Average angular velocity ωav =
x ∆t
 ∆θ  d θ
Instantaneous angular velocity
= is ω Lt
=
u ∆t →0 
∆t  dt
q a SI Unit of angular velocity is rad/s
0, 0
Dimensional Formula T–1
Key Note Important Points To Be Memorized

Angular velocity is a axial vector. In the fig. below, let the angular velocity of particle (P)
Its direction is given by right hand screw rule about the point ‘O’ is w0, Let the angular velocity of
Its direction is along axis of rotatio particle about A is wA then
When a body makes ‘N’ revolutions in ‘t’ sec then its w0 = 2wA[∠POB = 2∠PAB]
average angular velocity is
2πN
ω=
t
If a particle makes ‘n’ rotations per sec its angular
velocity is B
2π
ω= = 2πn
T
In the below fig. if two particles A and B are moving in
Practice same circular path in the same direction, for a person
The Pause at the centre of the circle wBA = wB – wA
Q. An insect trapped in a circular groove of radius 14
cm moves along the groove steadily and completes 10
revolutions in 100 s. The linear speed of the insect is
a. 4.3 cm s–1 b. 8.8 cm s–1
c. 6.3 cm s–1 d. 7.3 cm s–1
Ans. (b) Here, r = 14 cm
10 Time taken by one particle to complete one
Frequency, ν = Hz
100 rotation with respect to another particle is
The angular speed of the insect is 2π 2π TATB
T
= = =
10 ωrel ωB − ω A TA − TB
ω = 2πν = 2π× = 2π× 0.1
100 If two particles A and B are moving in concentric
The linear speed of the insect is circles as shown in the fig., if they are nearer to each
v = ωr = 2π × 0.1 × 14 = 8.8 cm s–1. other.
Q. Calculate the angular velocity of the
a. seconds hand
b. minute hand
c. hour hand of a clock
d. calculate the angular velocity of with about its own ones
rrel = rB – rA,
Ans. Angular velocity of hands of a clock:
vrel = vB – vA
(a) Angular velocity of seconds hand of a clock,
2π 2π π vrel vB − v A
=
ω = =
rad s −1 ωrel = =
T 60 30 rrel rB − rA
(b) Angular velocity of minutes hand of a clock,
2π π
= ω = rad s −1
60 × 60 1800 Key Note
(c) Angular velocity of hours hand of a clock,
In general the relative angular velocity of A with respect
2π π
=ω =
rad s −1 to B is determine by using the formula
12 × 3600 21600
relative velocity of A w.r.t B
(d) Angular velocity of rotation of earth about its own axis ( v AB=
)⊥ perpendicular to line AB
ω=
AB
2π rAB Seperation between A & B
ω= rad / sec
60 × 60
24 ×
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Practice Relation Between Linear and Angular Variables

The Pause (a) Relation between linear and angular displacement is
Q. What is the magnitude of average velocity after half ds = rdq

rotation, if a particle is moving with constant speed v in a (b) Relation between linear and angular velocities is
circle?   
v = rw or v = ω× r
v
a. 2v b. 2 (c) Relation between tangential and angular acceleration is
π   
at = ra or αt = α × r
v v  
(d)  v = ω× r

c. d.
2 2π
diff. w.r.t time, we get
Ans. (b) The time taken to cover the complete circle would be   
dv d ω   dr
2πr = × r + ω×
equal to T = , dt dt dt
v
    
Hence the time taken to cover half the rotation would be a = ( α × r ) + ( ω× v )

2πr πr   
equal to T=
1/ 2 = . but α × r = αt , it is tangential acceleration
2v v
  
Hence the magnitude of average velocity after half ω× v = ac , it is centripetal acceleration
  
2rν 2v ∴ a = a t + ac
vav
rotation would be equal to = =
πr π
CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION (Ar OR Ac)

Angular Acceleration (a)
The rate of change of angular velocity of a particle is called angular Centripetal acceleration of a particle is given by
     
acceleration ar = ω× v = ω× ( ω× r )
If Dw be the change in angular velocity of the particle in time v2
ar =ωv =r ω2 = =4π2 f 2 r
interval Dt, while moving on a circular path, then r
∆ω Position vector is always perpendicular to
Average angular acceleration α av =  
∆t velocity vector. i.e, r × v =0
  
Instantaneous angular acceleration α= Lt =
∆ω d ω The directions of ar , ω and v are mutually perpendicular.
inst
∆t →0 ∆t dt Velocity vector is always perpendicular to the centripetal
 
dω d θ dω 2 acceleration vector is v ⋅ ac =
0
α= = 2 =ω  
dt dt dθ Position vector (r ) and centripetal acceleration (ar ) are
always antiparallel.
S.I. unit of angular acceleration rad. sec–2
Dimensional formula [M0L0T–2] Key Note
Its direction is in the direction of change in angular velocity Due to change in magnitude of velocity (speed) of a
and it is given by right hand screw rule. particle in circular motion, it has tangential acceleration
When angular velocity increases the direction of angular and the corresponding force is called tangential force
acceleration is in the direction of angular velocity dv   
at = also at = r α (at = α × r )
dt
When angular velocity decreases the direction of angular dv
acceleration is in the opposite direction of angular velocity. F=t ma=t m = mr α
dt
Net linear acceleration of particle in circular motion is
Key Note
=a ac2 + at2
If the particle has constant angular acceleration that is if
a = constant , in this case we use following equations
of motion
w = w0 + at,
1
θ = ω0t + αt 2 at
2 If f is the angle made by ‘a’ with ac then tan f =
ac
w2 – w02 = 2aq Net force=F Fc 2 + Ft 2
Uniform Circular Motion at

If f is the angle made by ‘a’ with ac then tan φ =
When a particle moves in a circular path with a constant speed ac
then it is said to be in uniform circular motion. In this case the
acceleration of the particle is a = v(w) = v2/r = rw2, (centripetal
Key Note
acceleration) For a particle in non uniform circular motion, the
In uniform circular motion resultant force on the particle is=
F Fc2 + Ft 2
(a) magnitude of velocity does not change In non uniform circular motion
(b) direction of velocity changes (a) both magnitude and direction of velocity
changes
(c) angular velocity remains constant
(b) angular velocity w changes
(d) direction of centripetal acceleration changes (c) linear momentum and angular momentum are
(e) linear momentum changes not conserved
Note: In circular motion
Non Uniform Circular Motion
ac → is towards centre
In a circular motion if ac ≠ 0, at ≠ 0 then the particle undergo non
v, at → are along tangential direction
uniform circular motion , in this case the acceleration of particle is
dq, w, a → are along axis of rotation
given by=a ac2 + at2 .
Topic-Wise Questions
5. If the resultant of n forces of different magnitudes acting at a

Introduction of Vectors, Vectors
point is zero, then the minimum value of n is
Addition & Subtraction
a. 1 b. 2
c. 3 d. 4
Formulas
 ˆ ˆ ˆ
6. 0.4i + 0.8j + ck represents a unit vector when c is
A vector
1. =
Â =
A modulus of vector a. –0.2 b. 0.2
c. 0.8 d. 0
2. A = A 2x + A 2y + A z2   
   7. The resultant of two vectors P and Q is R . If magnitude of
3. R = A 2 + B2 + 2AB cos θ (R =A + B) Q is doubled; the new resultant is perpendicular to P, then R
equals to:
Bsin θ
4. tan β = a. P b. Q
A + B cos θ
A B C c. P + Q d. P – Q
5. = = ( Lami 's theorem )
sin α sin β sin γ 8. Two forces F1 = 1 N and F2 = 2N act along the lines x = 0 and
y = 0 respectively. Then the resultant of forces would be
î + ˆj
a. î + 2ˆj b.
1. Rajesh walks from Point P to Point Q. The curved part of the
path is a semicircle of radius 5m. What is the magnitude of c. 3iˆ + 2ˆj d.
2iˆ + ˆj
displacement of Rajesh as he moves from point P to point Q?
9. If vectors î − 3jˆ + 5kˆ and î − 3jˆ − akˆ are equal vectors then
10 m the value of a is:
Q
P a. 5 b. 4
5m c. –4 d. –5
  
10. If the vectors A, B and C have magnitude 4 , 3 and 5 units
a. 20 m b. 10 m   
respectively and A + B = C , the angle between vectors
c. 25 m d. 27.5 m  
A and B is:
2. A particle starts from the origin (0,0) and moves in a straight  5
line in the (x,y) plane. Its coordinates at a later time are a. 90° b. cos −1  
 16 
( 3,3) . The path the particle makes with x-axis, an angle of:
 12 
c. tan −1 ( 5 ) d. tan −1  
a. 45° b. 60°  5
c. 30° d. 90°      
11. Two vectors A and B are such that A + B= A − B then the
3. Find a unit vector which is parallel to the resultant of the  
  angle between the two vectors A and B will be:
vectors A = 4iˆ + 3jˆ + 6kˆ and B =−î + 8jˆ − 8kˆ
π
a. 00 b.
3i + 11j − 2k i + 2j − 3k 3
a. b.
2 166 π π
c. d.
6 2
3i + 11j − 2k 4i + 6j + 8k
c. d. 12. At what angle the two vectors of magnitudes (A+B) and
134 11
4. Two forces whose magnitude are in the ratio 9 : 11 give (A–B) must be inclined, so that resultant is A 2 + B2 ?
a resultant of 38 N. If the angle of their inclination is 30° (A + B)  (A 2 + B2 ) 
a. cos −1 cos −1 
b. 2 2 
then what will be the magnitude of each force? A−B  2(B − A ) 
a. 19.8 N, 24.2 N b. 20 N, 24N  A 2 + B2 
c. cos −1  2 2 
d. None of these
c. 25 N, 30 N d. None of these A −B 
Vector Products & Resolution 17. If a vector 2iˆ + 4ˆj + 6kˆ is perpendicular to the vector
5i + 6j - akˆ . Then the value of a is:
Formulas
a. 14/3 b. 17/9
Ax
1. cos α =
A c. 14/5 d. 17/3
  
Ay 18. If A = 2iˆ + 3jˆ − kˆ and B =−î + 3jˆ + 4kˆ then projection of A
cos β = 
A on B will be

A 3 3
cos γ = z a. b.
A 13 26

2 2 2
2. cos α + cos β + cos γ =1 3 3
c. d.
26 13
3. R = A 2 + B2 − 2AB cos θ
 
Bsin (180 − θ) Bsin θ 19. Consider two vectors F1 = 2i + 5kˆ and F2 = 3j + 4kˆ . The
= tan β =
A + B cos (180 − θ) A − B cos θ magnitude of the scalar product of these vectors is:

  A.B a. 26 b. 28
4. Projection of a vector A in the direction of vector B = 
B c. 30 d. 20
   
  A.B 20. The linear velocity of a body is given by v = ω× r . The
5. Projection of a vector B in the direction of vector A =  
A angular velocity of body is ω = 5i - 4j + 9kˆ and the radius
 
vector r = 8iˆ − 6ˆj + 3kˆ then v is equal to:
 
13. A = 2iˆ + 4ˆj + 4kˆ and B = 4iˆ + 2ˆj − 4kˆ are two vectors. The a. 70.8 units b. 90 units
angle between them c. 149 units d.
2017 units
a. 0° b. 45°      
c. 60° d. 90° 21. If A × B= 3 A ⋅ B, then the value of A + B

14. If A = 3iˆ + 5jˆ − 7kˆ , what are the direction of cosines of the 1/2
  AB 
vector A : a.  A 2 + B2 +  b. A + B
 3
a. 2 5 7 b.
3 5 7
, , , ,
( )
1/2
( )
1/2
83 83 83 83 83 83 c. A 2 + B2 + 3AB A 2 + B2 + AB
d.
3 5 −7 
c. 1 , 2 , 5 d. , , 22. Which of the following is not true? If A= 3iˆ + 4ˆj and
83 83 83 83 83 83   
B= 6iˆ + 8jˆ where A and B are the magnitudes of A and B.
15. The vectors from origin to the points A and B are
    A 1
A = 3iˆ − 6ˆj + 2kˆ and B = 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ respectively. The area of a. A × B =
0 b. =
B 2
the triangle OAB be  
5 2 c. A ⋅ B =48 d. A = 5
a. 17 sq. unit b. 17 sq.unit  
2 5 23. If the angle between the vector A and B is 0, the value of the
  
3 5 product (B × A).(A) is equal to:
c. 17 sq.unit d. 17 sq.unit
5 3
a. BA2cosθ b. AB2sinθ
     
16. For any two vectors A and B, if A.B
= A × B , the magnitude c. A2Bcosθ d. Zero
  
of C= A + B is equal to ˆ  + 2j − 3kˆ and
24. Find the value of P, so that the vectors 2i − j + k,i
a. A 2 + B2 b. A + B 3i + Pj + 5kˆ are coplanar
AB a. 16 b. – 4
c. A 2 + B2 + A 2 + B2 + 2 × AB
d.
2
c. 4 d. – 8
 a. 15.26 m b. 13 m
25. The sine of the angle between vectors a = 2iˆ − 6ˆj − 3kˆ and

b = 4iˆ + 3jˆ − kˆ is c. 14.16 m d. 12 m
1 5 29. If 2 balls are projected at angles 45° and 60° and the
a. b.
26 26 maximum heights reached are same, what is the ratio of their
5 1 initial velocities?
c. d.
26 26
a. 3: 2
2 : 3 b.
c. 3 : 2 d. 2 : 3
Horizontal Projectile, Oblique Projection
From Height 30. A ball is thrown upwards from the top of the tower with a
velocity 50 ms–1 making an angle 30° with the horizontal.
Formulas
The height of tower is 70 m. After how many seconds the ball
x
1. Motion along horizontal direction x = ut, t = will hit the ground ?
u
1 gx 2 a. 3 sec b. 5 sec
2. Motion along vertical direction = y =
2 u2 c. 7 sec d. 9 sec
2h
3. T = 31. Two projectiles A and B are projected with same speed at
g
angles 30° and 60° to be horizontal then, which one is wrong?
2h
4. R = u a. RA = RB b. HB = 3HA
g
  
5. Resultant velocity (V) of V x and V y c. TB = 3TA d. None of these

(V)
= Vx2 + Vy2 32. A stuntman runs across a roof top horizontally and land on
the roof of the next building. The roof of the next building
Vy  gt   gt 
6. tan=
β =   ,= β tan −1   is 4.9 m below the first one and 6.2 m away from it. The
Vx  u  u
 minimum roof top speed for successful jump is -
(β is the angle made by V with the horizontal direction)
a. 6.2 m s–1 b. 8.7 m s–1
26. A body of mass m is projected horizontally with a velocity v c. 9.8 m s–1 d. 10 m s–1
from the top of a tower of height h and it reaches the ground
at a distance x from the foot of the tower. If a second body of 33. A ball rolls horizontally on the top of a stair way with a
mass 4 m is projected horizontally from the top of a tower of velocity u ms–1. If the steps are h m high and b m wide, the
height 4 h, it reaches the ground at a distance 4x from the foot ball will hit the edge of the nth step, if -
of the tower. The horizontal velocity of the second body is:
2hu 2hu 2
a. 6v b. 2v a. n = 2
b.
n=
gb gb
c. 2v d. 5v
2hu 2 hu 2
27. Two buildings are 100 m apart. With what speed should c. n = d. n =
gb 2 gb 2
a ball be thrown horizontally from a window 500 m
above the ground in one building, so that it will enter a 34. Two projectiles A and B are thrown from the same point with
window 100 m above the ground in the other? Velocities v and v/2, respectively. If B is thrown at an angle
a. 11 m/s b. 11.2 m/s 45° with horizontal, what is the inclination of A when their
c. 34 m/s d. 15 m/s ranges are the same?
28. A stone is dropped from the window of a bus moving with 1 1 −1  1 
a. sin −1   b. sin  
a speed of 80 km/h. If the window is 150 cm high, find the 4 2 4
distance along the road which the stone moves before striking
the ground. −1  1  1 −1  1 
c. 2sin   d. sin  
4 2 8
Where, T is time of flight.

2h
(i) The horizontal displacement (or) range R = u
g
(ii) The velocity with which it hits the ground

V = u 2 + 2 gh = u 2 + g 2t 2
(iv) K – p2 graph (iii) The angle at which it strikes the ground

P2 = 2m.k. −1  gt  −1
 2 gh 

=θ tan
=   tan  
p2ak u   u 
(iv) If a is angle of elevation of point of projection from the
point where body hits the ground then
h gt 2 / 2 gt
tan α= = =
R ut 2u
tan θ
⇒ tan α =
It is a straight line passing through origin. 2

A particle is projected with a velocity u= ai + b j then the (b) Projectile thrown up from the top of tower making an
radius of curvature of the trajectory of the particle at the angle q with the horizontal.
(a )
2 3/2
+ b2
(i) point of projection is r =
ga
a2
(ii) Highest point is r =
g
If a gun is aimed towards a target and the bullet is fired, the
moment when the target falls, the bullet will always hit the
target irrespective of the velocity of the bullet.
1 2
h =( −u sin θ ) t +
(i) gt
HORIZONTAL PROJECTILE 2
(ii)
x = u cos q × t
(a) Projectile in Horizontal Projection (iii) The velocity with which it strikes the ground
Consider a projectile, say a ball, thrown horizontally with an
initial velocity from the top of a tower of height h. =v u 2 + 2 gh

O u (iv) The angle at which it strikes the ground
 −u sin θ + gt 
P α =tan −1 
 u cos θ 
y=h
 u 2 sin 2 θ + 2 gh 
(or) α =tan −1  
 u cos θ 
A
x
The time of flight can be found out by using second equation Practice
of motion on vertical axis. The Pause
1
s y u yT + a yT 2
= Q. A ball is thrown from the top of a tower with an initial
2
1 2 velocity of 10 ms–1 at an angle of 30° with the horizontal.
s y u yT − gT
= If it hits the ground at a distance of 17.3 m from the base of
2
the tower, the height of the tower is (Take g = 10 ms–2)
sy = –h
Ans. For horizontal motion,
1
–h = 0(T) – gT 2 R = u cos q × t
2
2h R
T= or t =
g u cos θ
45. A man standing on a hill top projects a stone horizontally with 49. A man could row his boat with a speed 10m/sec. He wants to
speed v0 as shown in figure. Taking the coordinate system a take his boat from P to a point Q just opposite on the other
given in the figure. The coordinates of the point where the bank of the river flowing at a speed 4m/sec. The boatman
stoen will hit the hill surface are
should row his boat:
y v0 a. At right angle to the stream
x
(0, 0) b. At an angle of sin–1 (2/5) with PQ up the stream
c. At an angle sin–1 (2/5) with PQ down the stream
d. At an angle cos–1 (2/5) with PQ down the stream
q
50. If a man is running in the North direction while his child
 2v 02 2v 02 tan 2 θ  is running in the East direction at the same speed then, the
 2v 2 tan θ 2v 02 tan 2 θ 
a.  0 ,−  b.  g , −  relative velocity of the man with respect to the child will be in
 g g   g 
a. East b. South east
 2v 2 tan θ 2v 02   2v 02 tan 2 θ 2v 02 tan θ  c. North west d. South west
c.  0 ,−  d.
 ,− 
 g g   g g 
51. A man has to hold his umbrella at 300 with the vertical to keep
the rain away. He thrown the umbrella and starts running at
Rain-Man, River-Boat Problems, 10 km/h. He finds that rain drop are hitting his head vertically.
Relative Motion in 2D Find the speed of rain w.r.t. ground:
Formulas a. 10 km/s b. 20 km/h
c. 10 3 km / s d. 20 3 km / s
52. A ball is thrown from a point A with velocity u 2 at an

angle of 45º with horizontal as shown in the figure. It strikes
ν 
1. For shortest path : θ =sin −1  r  the plane BC at right angles. The velocity of the ball at the
 νm  time of collision is :
ω
2. time of crossing =
ν − ν 2r
2
m
3. For shortest time

Forθ = 0°
shortest time
ω 3u u
t cross = a. b.
νm 2 2
4. up stream speed = vm – vr 2u
c. d. u
3
5. down stream speed = vm + vr
53. The path of one projectile in motion as seen from another
moving projectile is -
46. A person swims across a river at the speed of 4 m/s. The speed
of the river is 3 m/s. Find the actual velocity of the person? a. A straight line b. A circle
c. An ellipse d. A parabola
a. 4 m/s b. 3 m/s
c. 5 m/s d. 6 m/s
Circular Motion Kinematics
47. The speed of boat is 18 km/h in still water. The boat crosses a
river of width 2 km along the shortest path in 7 minutes. The Formulas
velocity of the river is:
2
a. 5.5 km/h b. 6 km/h v
1. a c =
c. 7 km/h d. 10 km/h R
48. If two objects are moving along same directions with same 2. ac = ω2R
speed v then, the relative velocity would be
2πR
a. 0 b. v 3. v = = 2πRν
T
c. 2v d. 3v
17.3 (d) The distance between them when their

t=
10 cos 30° displacement vectors are making an angle q with
17.3 × 2 each other is
t = 10 × 3
2 u1u2 θ
17.3 × 2
( u1 + u2 )
x= ⋅ cot
t = = 2s g 2
10 × 1.73 Two tall towers having heights h1 and h2 are separated
For vertical motion, by a distance d. A person throws a ball horizontally
1 with velocity u from the top of the first tower to reach
y = u sin qt – gt 2
2 the top of the second tower then
1
=y 10sin 30°× 2 − × 10 × 22
2
= 10 – 20 = –10 m
Height of tower = 10 m
(c) Projectile thrown down from the top of a town making an

angle q with the horizontal.
2 ( h1 − h2 )
(a) Time taken t =
g
(b) Horizontal distance traveled d = ut
u
h
b
1 2
h ( u sin θ ) t +
(a)
= gt
2 nth
(b)
x = u cos q·t step
R
(c)
The velocity with which it strikes the ground
For nth step, the horizontal distance = nb
2
=v u + 2 gh The vertical distance = nh
If horizontal velocity of ball be u, then the horizontal
(d) The angle at which it strikes the ground
distance and vertical distance after time ‘t’.
 u 2 sin 2 θ + 2 gh  nb = ut...(i)
α =tan −1 

 u cos θ  1 2
and nh = (0) (t) + gt ...(ii)
2
Important Points To Be Memorized nb
But, t = from eqn. (i)
Two bodies are projected horizontally from top of the u
2
tower of height h in opposite directions with velocities 1  nb 
We have nh = g  
u1 and u2 then 2  u 
(a) The time after which their velocity vectors are 2hu 2
u1u2 θ or, n =
making an angle q with each other t = cot gb 2
g 2
(b) The distance between them when their velocity Projectile On An Inclined Plane
vectors are making an angle q with each other
Let a body is thrown from a plane OA inclined at an angle α with
uu θ the horizontal, with a constant velocity u in a direction making an
x ( u1 + u2 ) 1 2 cot
=
g 2 angle θ with the horizontal.
(c) The time after which their position vectors are The body returns back on the same plane OA.
2 u1u2 θ
making an angle q with each other = cot Hence the net displacement of the particle in a direction normal to
g 2
the plane OA is zero.
Morale
Learning-Plus
Booster Questions
Question Tagging
C M F R
Conceptual understanding Math Skills Formula Based Reasoning and Comprehension
1. A projectile is thrown with a velocity of 10 ms–1 at an angle  3 

of 60° with horizontal. The interval between the moments a. sin −1   b. 30°
when speed is 5g m/s is (Take, g = 10 ms–2). [F + R] 2 2
a. 1 s b. 3 s c. 45° d. 90°
c. 2 s d. 4 s 8. A body is projected from the ground with a velocity
 
2. Two vectors A and B have equal magnitudes. If magnitudes of
   
( )
v 3iˆ + 10ˆj ms −1 . The maximum height attained and the
=
A + B is equal to n times the magnitude of A - B , then the range of the body respectively [F]
 
angle between A and B is: [M] a. 5 m and 6 m b. 3 m and 10 m
n+n 2
 n +1 2
c. 6 m and 5 m d. 3 m and 5 m
a. cos −1  2 
cos −1  2
b. 
 n − n   n −1 9. To a person, going eastward in a car with a velocity of
 n2 −1  2+n 25 km/hr, a train appears to move towards north with a
c. cos −1  2 cos −1 
 d. 
 n +1 2−n velocity of 25 3 km/hr. The actual velocity of the train
will be [F]
3. The equation of motion of a projectile is
a. 25 km/hr b. 50 km/hr
3
= y 12x − x 2 c. 5 km/hr d. 5 3 km/hr
4
What is the range of the projectile? [C] 10. A man walks in rain with a velocity of 10 km/h. The rain
a. 12 m b. 16 m drops strikes him at an angle of 450 with the vertical. What
is the downward velocity of the raindrops and the relative
c. 20 m d. 24 m velocity of rain w.r.t man? [R]
 
4. A body is projected horizontally with a velocity 2gh a. Vr = 10 km/h, Vrm = 10 m/s
from the top of a tower of height h. It strikes the ground at a  
distance x from the foot of the tower. The value of x is - [F] b. Vr = 20 km/h, Vrm = 10 2 km/h
 
a. h b. h c. Vr = 10 km/h, Vrm = 10 2 km/h
2
 
c. 2h d. 2h d. Vr = 1 km/h, Vrm = 1 km/h
3 11. A boat which has a speed of 5 km/hr in still water crosses
5. A projectile fired at an angle θ has a range R. If the initial a river of width 1 km along the shortest possible path in 15
velocity is doubled at the same angle of projection, then the minutes. The velocity of the river water in km/hr is: [C]
range will be: [F] a. 1 b. 3
a. 4R b. 8R
c. 4 d. 41
c. R/4 d. R
12. A bus is moving with a velocity 10 m/s on a straight road. A
6. For a particle thrown at an angle 30° with the horizontal, the scooterist wishes to overtake the bus in 100 s. If the bus is
maximum height (H) and horizontal range (R) are related as: at a distance of 1 km from the scooterist, with what velocity
[F] should the scooterist chase the bus [C]
a. R = 16H b. R = 4 3H a. 50 m/s b. 40 m/s
c. 30 m/s d. 20 m/s
c. R = 2 2H d. R = 2H
13. A person can swim in still water with speed v, a river is flowing
7. Two projectiles A and B thrown with speeds in the ratio with velocity v/2. To cross the river in shortest distance, he
1: 2 acquired the same heights. If A is thrown at an angle should swim making angle θ with the upstream. What is the
of 60° with the horizontal, the angle of projection of B with ratio of the time taken to swim across in the shortest time to
the horizontal is: [R] that in swimming across over shortest distance? [F]
a. cos θ b. sin θ 20. A stone is projected in air. Its time of flight is 3s and range
c. tan θ d. cot θ is 150 m. Maximum height reached by the stone is (Take,
14. A ball is projected from ground with a speed of 20 ms–1 at an g = 10 ms–2). [F]
angle of 45° with horizontal. There is a wall of 25 m height at a. 37.5 m b. 22.5 m
a distance of 10 m from the projection point. The ball will hit
the wall at a height of [F + R] c. 90 m d. 11.25 m
a. 5 m b. 7.5 m
21. If the instantaneous velocity of a particle projected as shown
c. 10 m d. 12.5 m
in figure is given by v = aiˆ + (b − ct)ˆj where a, b and c are
15. A point P moves in anticlockwise direction on a circular path
positive constants, the range on the horizontal plane will be
as shown in the figure. The movement of P is such that it
sweeps out a length S = t3 + 8, where S is in metre and t is in [F]
seconds. The radius of the path is 60 m. The acceleration of P y
when t = 4s is nearby: [C + F] v
2ab ab
a. b.
c c
ac a
c. d.
a. 45.28 m/s2 b. 60 m/s2 b 2bc
c. 50.2 m/s2 d. 30 m/s2
22. A particle starts with velocity v0 at time t = 0 and is decelerated
16. Two particles of equal masses are revolving in circular paths at a rate proportional to the square root of its speed at time t
of radii r1 and r2 respectively with the same speed. The ratio with constant of proportionality α. The total time for which it
in their centripetal forces is [F] will move before coming to rest is [C + M]
r2 r2 3
a. b. v0 2
v 0 b.
r1 r1 a.
α
2 2
r   r2  3
c.  1  d.
  2v 2 2 v0
c. 0 d.
 r2   r1  α α
17. A proton moving inside in a cyclotron changes its velocity
23. Velocity of a particle changes with position according to
from 30 kmh–1 north to 45 kmh–1 east in 20 s. What is the
magnitude of average acceleration during the same? [F] following curve. Acceleration of the particle at S = 1 m [C]
a. 2.5 kms–2 b. 12.5 kms–2
c. 22.5 kms–2 d. 32.5 kms–2
18. Raindrops are falling vertically with a velocity of 10 m/s. To
a cyclist moving on a straight road the raindrops appear to be
coming with a velocity of 20 m/s. The velocity of cyclist is:
[C + M]
a. 10 m/s b. 10 3 m/s a. 24 m/s2 b. 2 m/s2
c. 20 m/s2 d. 3 m/s2
c. 20 m/s d. 20 3 m/s
  
19. A person running along a straight road with uniform velocity 24. Find the torque ( τ = )
r × F of a force F− = −3iˆ + ˆj + 5kˆ

ui observes that rain is falling vertically downward. If he acting at the point r = 7iˆ + 3jˆ + kˆ . [F]
doubles his speed, he finds that the rain is coming at an angle
θ with the vertical. The velocity of rain with respect to the a. −21iˆ + 3jˆ − 5kˆ b.
4iˆ + 4ˆj + 6kˆ
ground is : [C + R]
c. −14iˆ + 38jˆ − 16kˆ d.
14iˆ − 38jˆ + 16kˆ
ui − u cot θj
a. ui − u tan θj b. 25. A particle is moving on a circular path of radius r with
u   uniform velocity v. The change in velocity when the particle
c. ui + u cot θj d. i−uj
tan θ moves from P to Q is (∠POQ = 40°) [C]
P   

28. Find the resultant of three vectors OA, OB and OC shown in
r
the following figure. Radius of the circle is R. [M]
O 40° v
C
S
Q 45°
v 45°
O A
a. 2v cos 40° b. 2v sin 40°
c. 2v sin 20° d. 2v cos 20°
26. Two objects fall freely from the same height, however the a. 2R ( ) b. R 1 + 2
second body starts falling T seconds later than the first. The
c. R R ( 2 − 1)
2 d.
time (after which the first body begins to fall) when the
distance between the bodies equals L is: [R] 29. The radius vector of a point A relative to the origin varies

1 1 r atiˆ − bt 2 ˆj where a and b are constants. The
with time t as =
a. b.
gh 2gh equation of trajectory is [F]
b 2 b
1 a. y = − y = 2 x2
x b.
c. d. None of these a2 a
gh
2b 2 2b
27. A particle rotates along a circle of radius R = 2m with c. y = − 2
y = 2 x2
x d.
a a
π 30. A car is moving with speed 40 m/s on a circular path of radius
an angular acceleration α = rad / s 2 starting from rest.
4
500 m. The speed of the car is increasing at the rate of 4 m/s2.
Calculate the magnitude of average velocity of the particle
over the time it rotates a quarter circle. [C + F] What is the acceleration of the car: [F]
a. 0.5 b. 1 a. 6.12 m/s2 b. 4 × 102 m/s2

c. 2 d. 1.5 c. 5.122 m/s2 d.
3.9 m/s2
Multi-Concept Questions
1. The coordinates of a moving particle at any time t are given 6. Three vectors as shown in the fig have magnitudes
  
by, x = 2t3 and y = 3t3. Acceleration of the particle is given by = | a | 3,|
= b | 4 and | c | = 10. Find the numbers p and q such
  
a. 468 t b. t 468 that =c pa + qb .
t 234
c. 234 t2 d.
2. Figure shows four paths for a kicked football. Ignoring the
effects of air on the flight, rank the paths according to initial
horizontal velocity component highest first.
y
20 5 3 20 5 3
a. − , b. ,
3 2 3 2
0
1 2 3 4 x c. − 10 , 3 d. None
3 2
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 b. 2, 3, 4, 1
7. Find a unit vector which is perpendicular to both the vectors
c. 3, 4, 1, 2 d. 4, 3, 2, 1
3. A projectile is fired from level ground at an angle q above the ( ) ( )
2iˆ + 3jˆ + kˆ and î − ˆj + 2kˆ .
horizontal. The elevation angle f of the highest point as seen
from the launch point is related to q by the relation a. 1 4iˆ + 3jˆ − 5kˆ b.
( )1
(
7iˆ − 3jˆ − 5kˆ )
8 83
1
a. tan
= φ tan θ b. tan f = tan q
4 c. 1 4iˆ + 3jˆ + 1kˆ
( ) d. None of these
1 8
c. tan
= φ tan θ d. tan
= φ 2 tan θ
2 8. Rain water is falling vertically downwards with velocity v,
4. A ball is thrown up with a certain velocity at an angle q to when the velocity of wind is zero, water is collected at a rate
the horizontal. The kinetic energy KE of the ball varies with R. When the wind starts blowing horizontally at a speed u,
height h as the rate of collection of water in the same vessel is:
a. b. v
a. u 2 + v 2 R b. R
u
KE KE
c. uR d. R
O O h v
h
9. What is the magnitude of the displacement of a particle
c. d.
moving in a circle of radius a with constant angular speed ω ?
ωt
KE KE a. 2a sin ωt b. 2a sin
2
O h O x ωt
c. 2a cos ωt d. 2a cos
5. Two towns A and B are connected by a regular bus service 2
with a bus leaving in either direction every T minutes. A 10. A ball is projected from the ground at angle θ with horizontal.
man cycling with a speed of 20 kmh–1 in the direction A to B
After 1 s it is moving at angle 45° with the horizontal and
notices that a bus goes past him every 18 min in the direction
after 2 s it is moving horizontally. What is the velocity of
of his motion, and every 6 min in the opposite direction. The
period T of the bus service is: projection of the ball?
a. 4.5 min b. 9 min a. 10 3ms −1 b.

20 3ms −1
c. 12 min d. 24 min c. 10 5ms −1 d.
20 2ms −1
11. A boy playing on the roof of a 10 m high building throws

a ball with a speed of 10 ms–1 at an angle of 30° with the a. 2i − 4j b.
2i + 4j
horizontal. How far from the throwing point will the ball be
c. 4i + 2j d. 4i − 2j
at the height of 10 m from the ground? (take, g = 10 ms–2, sin
30° = ½, cos 30° = 3/2) 18. The horizontal range and maximum height attained by a
projectile are R and H respectively. If a constant horizontal
a. 5.20 m b. 4.33 m
acceleration a = g/4 is imparted to the projectile due to wind,
c. 2.60 m d. 8.66 m then its horizontal range and maximum height will be
12. Two stones are projected with equal velocities at an angle θ
and (90° - θ). If H and H1 are the greatest heights attained in H  H
a. ( R + H ) , b.
 R +  , 2H
the two cases, then what is the relation between R, H and H1? 2  2
a. R = 4 HH1 b.
R = HH1 c. (R + 2H), H d. (R + H), H
c. R = HH1 d. None of these 19. A particle moves along a circle with a velocity v = at, where

a = 0.50 m/s2. Find the total acceleration of the particle when

13. A car travels 6 km towards the north at an angle 45° to the it has covered the nth (n = 0.10) fraction of the circle after
east and then travels distance of 4 km towards the north at an beginning of the motion.
angle 135° to the east. How far is the point from the starting
point? What angle does the straight line joining its initial and a. 0.8 b. 0.6
final positions makes with the east? c. 0.7 d. 0.9
20. A cricket ball thrown across a field is at heights h1 and h2
a. 50 km and tan–1 (5) b. 10 km and tan–1 ( 50)
from the point of projection at times t1 and t2 respectively.
c. 52 km and tan–1 (5) d. 52 km and tan–1 ( 5) After the throw. The ball is caught by a fielder at the same
height as that of projection. The time of flight of the ball in this
14. A particle travelling along a circular path of radius R with
journey is
velocity v, has centripetal acceleration a. If its velocity is
doubled to 2v. What will be the centripetal acceleration ?  h1t 22 − h 2 t12   h1t 22 − h 2 t12 
a.   b.
 
a. 4a b. 2a  h1t 2 − h 2 t1   h1t1 − h 2 t 2 
a a
c. d.  h1t 22 + h 2 t12   h1t 22 − h 2 t12 
4 2 c.   d.
 
 h 2 t1 + h1t 2   h 2 t1 − h1t 2 
15. A projectile is projected at an angle (α > 45°) with an initial
velocity u. The time t, at which its magnitude of horizontal 21. A body is projected with an angle θ. The maximum height
velocity will equal the magnitude of vertical velocity is : reached is h. If the time of flight is 4s and g is 10 m/s2, then
u value of h is
u
a. t
= ( cos α − sin α ) b.
= t ( cos α + sin α ) a. 40 m b. 20 m
g g
c. 5 m d. 10 m
u u
c. t
=
g
( sin α − cos α ) d.
= t
g
( sin 2 α − cos2 α ) 22. The equation of trajectory of a projectile is=
y 10x −   x 2 .
5
9
16. A U-shaped smooth wire has a semicircular bending between
What is the range of the projectile? [g = 10 m/s2]
A and B as shown in the figure. A bead of mass m moving
with uniform speed v through the wire enters the semicircular a. 36 m b. 24 m
bend at A and leaves at B. The average force, exerted by the c. 18 m d. 9 m
bead on the part AB of the wire is: 23. A body is projected with a speed u at an angle β with the
v horizontal. The kinetic energy of the body at the highest point
3
A is th of its initial kinetic energy. The value of β is
B
d 4
a. 30° b. 45°
a. 0 b. 4mv
2
c. 60° d. 120°
πd 24. A particle is projected with a velocity v such that its range
2 is twice the greatest height attained by it. The range of the
c. 2mv d. None of these projectile ?
πd
4v 2 4g
x2 a. b.
17. A particle moves along the positive part of the curve y = , 5g 5v 2
2
2
2
4v
t2
where x = . What will be velocity of particle at t = 2 sec. c. v d.
2 g 5g
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25. A ball is dropped from a height of 49 m. The wind is blowing 32. Assertion: When an automobile while going too fast around
horizontally. Due to wind a constant horizontal acceleration a curve overturns, its inner wheels leave the ground first.
is provided to the ball. Choose the coorect statement (s).
(Take, g = 9.8 ms–2) Reason: For a safe turn the velocity of automobile should be
less than the value of safe limit velocity.
a. Path of the ball is circular one
b. Path of the ball is a curved one 33. Assertion: When a vehicle takes a turn on the road, it travels
c. The time taken by the ball to reach the ground is 3.16 s along a nearly circular path.
d. Actual distance travelled by the ball is less than 49 m Reason: In circular motion, velocity of vehicle remains
26. A particle moves in the XY-plane according to the law x = kt, same.
y = kt (1 – at), where k and a are positive constants and t is 34. Assertion: When the velocity of projection of a body is made
time. The trajectory of the particle is n times, its time of flight becomes n times.
ax 2 Reason: Range of projectile does not depend on the initial
a. y = kx b. y= x −
k velocity of a body.
ax 2
c. y = d. y = ax
k
Statement Based Questions
27. A projectile is thrown with a velocity of 10 ms–1 at an angle
of 60° with horizontal. The interval between the moments Directions: These questions consist of two statements each,
when speed is 5g m/s is (Take, g = 10 ms–2). printed as Statement-I and Statement-II. While answering these
a. 1 s b. 3 s questions, you are required to choose any one of the following
c. 2 s d. 4 s
four responses.
a. Statement-I and Statement-II both are correct
Assertion & Reason b. Statement-I and Statement-II both are incorrect
Directions: These questions consist of two statements each, c. Statement-I is correct and Statement-II is incorrect
printed as Assertion and Reason. While answering these ques- d. Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
tions, you are required to choose any one of the following four
35. Statement I: When a vehicle takes a turn on the road, it
responses.
travels along a nearly circular path.
a. If both Assertion and Reason are True and the Reason is Statement II: In circular motion, velocity of vehicle remains
the correct explanation of the Assertion.
same.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are True but Reason is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion. 36. Statement I: When the velocity of projection of a body is
made n times, its time of flight becomes n times.
c. If Assertion is True but the Reason is False.
d. If Assertion is False but the Reason is True. Statement II: Range of projectile does not depend on the
28. Assertion: Average angular velocity is a scalar quantity. initial velocity of a body.
Reason: Large angular displacements is a scalar. 37. Statement I: In the presence of air resistance, the range and
maximum height attained by projectile are reduced but the
29. Assertion: A man can cross river of width d in minimum
time of flight and the angle with which the projectile strikes
time t. On increasing river velocity, minimum time to cross
the river by man will remain unchanged. the ground are increased.
Reason: Velocity of river is perpendicular to width of river. Statement II: Air resistance is like a drag force which always
So time to cross the river is independent of velocity of river. oppose the motion (relative motion).
30. Assertion: When a body is dropped or thrown horizontally 38. Statement I: During a turn, the value of centripetal force
from the same height, it reaches the ground at the same time. should be less than the limiting frictional force.
Reason: They have same acceleration and same initial speed Statement II: The centripetal force is provided by the
in vertical direction. frictional force between the tyres and the road.
31. Assertion: In the presence of air friction, if the ball is thrown 39. Statement I: When a particle moves in a circular path with
vertically upwards, the time of ascent is less than the time of a uniform speed, its velocity and acceleration both remains
descent. same.
Reason: Force due to air friction always acts opposite to the Statement II: The centripetal acceleration in circular motion
motion of the body. is in dependent on angular velocity of the body.
NEET Past 10 Year Questions
1. A particle moving in a circle of radius R with a uniform speed 7. When an object is shot from the bottom of a long smooth
takes a time T to complete one revolution. inclined plane kept at an angle 60° with horizontal, it can
travel a distance x1 along the plane. But when the inclination
If this particle were projected with the same speed at an angle
is decreased to 30° and the same object is shot with the
‘q’ to the horizontal, the maximum height attained by it equals same velocity, it can travel x2 distance. Then x1 : x2 will be:
4R. The angle of projection, q, is then given by: (2019)
1 1
 π2 R  2  π2 R  2 a. 1: 2 b.
2 :1
a. θ =cos  2  b.
−1
θ =sin −1  2 
 gT   gT  c. 1: 3 d.
1: 2 3
1 1      
 2gT 2  2 −1  gT 
2 2
8. The angle between A − B and A × B is ( A ≠ B)
c. θ =sin −1  2  d.
θ = cos  2 
 πR  π R (2017-Gujarat)
2. A car starts from rest and accelerates at 5 m/s2. At t = 4 s, a a. 60° b. 90°

ball is dropped out of a window by a person sitting in the car. c. 120° d. 45°
What is the velocity and acceleration of the ball at t = 6s ? 9. A ball of mass 1 kg is thrown vertically upwards and returns to
the ground after 3 seconds. Another ball, thrown at 60° with
a. 20 m/s, 0 b. 20 2 m / s, 0 vertical also stays in air for the same time before it touches
c. 20 2 m / s, 10m / s 2
d. 20 m/s, 5 m/s2 the ground. The ratio of the two heights are: (2017-Gujarat)
3. A ball is thrown vertically downward with a velocity of 20 m/s a. 1 : 3 b. 1 : 2
from the top of a tower. It hits the ground after some time with c. 1 : 1 d. 2 : 1
a velocity of 80m/s. The height of the tower is : (g = 10 m/s2) 10. If the magnitude of sum of two vectors is equal to the
(2020) magnitude of difference of the two vectors, the angle between
these vectors is: (2016 - I)
a. 340 m b. 320 m
a. 1° b. 90°
c. 300 m d. 360 m
c. 45° d. 180°
4. A person sitting in the ground floor of a building notices through
the window, of height 1.5 m, a ball dropped from the roof of 11. A particle moves so that its position vector is given by

the building crosses the window in 0.1 s. What is the velocity r = cos ωtxˆ + sin ωtyˆ where ω is a constant Which of the
of the ball when it is at the topmost point of the window? following is true? (2016 - I)

(g = 10 m/s2) (2020-Covid) a. Velocity and acceleration both are perpendicular to r

a. 14.5 m/s b. 4.5 m/s b. Velocity and acceleration both are parallel to r

c. 20 m/s d. 15.5 m/s c. Velocity is perpendicular to r and acceleration is directed
towards the origin
5. The speed of a swimmer in still water is 20 m/s. The speed of 
d. Velocity is perpendicular to r and acceleration is directed
river water is 10 m/s and is flowing due east. If he is standing on
away from the origin
the south bank and wishes to cross the river along the shortest
path, the angle at which he should make his strokes w.r.t. north 12. A uniform circular disc of radius 50 cm at rest is free to turn
about an axis which is perpendicular to its plane and passes
is given by : (2019)
through its center. It is subjected to a torque which produces a
a. 30° west b. 0° constant angular acceleration of 2.0 rad s–2. Its net acceleration
c. 60° west d. 45° west in ms–2 at the end of 2.0 s is approximately: (2016 - I)
6. Two particles A and B are moving in uniform circular motion a. 8.0 b. 7.0
in concentric circles of radii rA and rB with speed vA and vB c. 6.0 d. 3.0
respectively. Their time period of rotation is the same. The ratio
13. A ship A is moving Westwards with a speed of
of angular speed of A to that of B will be : (2019) 10 km/h and a ship B 100 km South of A, is moving
a. rA : rB b. vA: vB Northwards with a speed of 10 km/h. The time after which
c. rB: rA d. 1 : 1 the distance between them becomes shortest, is: (2015)
Practice Relation Between Linear and Angular Variables

The Pause (a) Relation between linear and angular displacement is
Q. What is the magnitude of average velocity after half ds = rdq

rotation, if a particle is moving with constant speed v in a (b) Relation between linear and angular velocities is
circle?   
v = rw or v = ω× r
v
a. 2v b. 2 (c) Relation between tangential and angular acceleration is
π   
at = ra or αt = α × r
v v  
(d)  v = ω× r

c. d.
2 2π
diff. w.r.t time, we get
Ans. (b) The time taken to cover the complete circle would be   
dv d ω   dr
2πr = × r + ω×
equal to T = , dt dt dt
v
    
Hence the time taken to cover half the rotation would be a = ( α × r ) + ( ω× v )

2πr πr   
equal to T=
1/ 2 = . but α × r = αt , it is tangential acceleration
2v v
  
Hence the magnitude of average velocity after half ω× v = ac , it is centripetal acceleration
  
2rν 2v ∴ a = a t + ac
vav
rotation would be equal to = =
πr π
CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION (Ar OR Ac)

Angular Acceleration (a)
The rate of change of angular velocity of a particle is called angular Centripetal acceleration of a particle is given by
     
acceleration ar = ω× v = ω× ( ω× r )
If Dw be the change in angular velocity of the particle in time v2
ar =ωv =r ω2 = =4π2 f 2 r
interval Dt, while moving on a circular path, then r
∆ω Position vector is always perpendicular to
Average angular acceleration α av =  
∆t velocity vector. i.e, r × v =0
  
Instantaneous angular acceleration α= Lt =
∆ω d ω The directions of ar , ω and v are mutually perpendicular.
inst
∆t →0 ∆t dt Velocity vector is always perpendicular to the centripetal
 
dω d θ dω 2 acceleration vector is v ⋅ ac =
0
α= = 2 =ω  
dt dt dθ Position vector (r ) and centripetal acceleration (ar ) are
always antiparallel.
S.I. unit of angular acceleration rad. sec–2
Dimensional formula [M0L0T–2] Key Note
Its direction is in the direction of change in angular velocity Due to change in magnitude of velocity (speed) of a
and it is given by right hand screw rule. particle in circular motion, it has tangential acceleration
When angular velocity increases the direction of angular and the corresponding force is called tangential force
acceleration is in the direction of angular velocity dv   
at = also at = r α (at = α × r )
dt
When angular velocity decreases the direction of angular dv
acceleration is in the opposite direction of angular velocity. F=t ma=t m = mr α
dt
Net linear acceleration of particle in circular motion is
Key Note
=a ac2 + at2
If the particle has constant angular acceleration that is if
a = constant , in this case we use following equations
of motion
w = w0 + at,
1
θ = ω0t + αt 2 at
2 If f is the angle made by ‘a’ with ac then tan f =
ac
w2 – w02 = 2aq Net force=F Fc 2 + Ft 2
Answer Key
Topic-Wise Questions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
a b c a c b b d d a d b d d a a d b
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
d a d b d b b c b d b c d a c d a d
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
b b c a b d c d a c a a b c b c a d
55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64
b c b d c b b b d a
Morale Booster Questions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
c c b c a b a a a c b d b b a a a b
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
c d a d a a c d b b a c
Multi-Concept Questions
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
b d c a b a b d b c d a c a c b b d
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
a a b c a a c b c a a a a b c c c c
37 38 39
a a b
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
c c c a a d c b c b c a a d d a d b
19
b
3. Motion in a Plane
Topic-wise Questions ⇒ cos θ =

−P
2Q
1. (a) Diameter of the curved part is 10 m,
Resultant of the two vectors
So, the total displacement = 10 m + 10 m = 20 m
(P) + ( Q ) + 2PQ × cos
2 2
 =R = θ Q
2. (b) Position vector of the particle at time t=r 3i + 3j

8. (d) x = 0 means y-axis ⇒ F1 = ˆj
−1  y  −1  3 
=θ tan
=   tan   
x
   3  y = 0 means x-axis ⇒ F2 = 2iˆ
  
so resultant F = F1 + F2 = 2iˆ + ˆj
θ = tan −1 ( 3)
9. (d) As the two vectors are equal
θ= 60°
∴ i − 3j + 5k =i − 3j − ak
  ⇒ 5k = −ak
3. (c) Resultant of vectors A and B
∴ a= −5
  
So, R= A + B   
 10. (a) Given C= A + B
R = 4i + 3j + 6k − i + 8j − 8k  2   2
\ C= A + B

R =3i + 11j − 2k 25 = 16 + 9 + 2 × 4 × 3 cosθ
3i + 11j − 2k 3i + 11j − 2k ⇒ cosθ = 0
=R̂ =
9 + 121 + 4 134 ⇒ θ = 90°
4. (a) Let A and B are the two forces    
11. (d) A + B = A − B
A = 9x, B = 11x   2   2
Squaring both side A + B =A − B
R= A 2 + B2 + 2ABcos θ
 2  2    2  2  
1 A + B + 2A Bcos θ = A + B − 2A Bcos θ
( 9x ) + (11x ) + 2 × 9x × 11x ×
2 2
38
= cos θ = 0
2
π
\ θ=
38 = 81x 2 + 121x 2 + 99x 2 2
38 12. (b) Resultant of two vectors A and B is given by
⇒ x= = 2.19 ≈ 2.2
17.34
R= P 2 + Q 2 + 2PQ cos θ
Thus, A = 9 × x = 9 × 2.2 = 19.8 N
B = 11 x = 11 × 2.2 = 24.2N ( A + B) , Q =
A 2 B2 , P =
Given, R =+ ( A − B)
5. (c) If vectors are of equal magnitude then two vectors can
( A + B) + ( A 2 − B2 ) + 2 ( A + B )( A − B ) cos θ
2
\ A 2 + B2 =
give zero resultant, if they works in opposite direction. But
if the vectors are of different magnitudes then minimum Squaring both sides
three vectors are required to give zero resultant.
A2 + B2 = (A + B)2 + (A – B)2 + 2 (A2 – B2) cosθ
6. (b) (0.4) 2 + (0.8) 2 + c 2 =
1 A2 + B2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB + A2 + B2 – 2AB + 2 (A2 – B2)
cosθ
⇒ 0.16 + 0.64 + c 2 =1 ⇒ c = 0.2
–A2 – B2 = 2 (A2 – B2) cosθ
7. (b) According to the question,
– (A2 + B2) = 2 (A2 – B2) cosθ
0 Q sin θ
tan 90 = Multiply by (–)
P + 2Q cos θ  A 2 + B2 
A2 + B2 = 2(B2 – A2) cosθ cos −1  = θ
\ P + 2q Q cos q = 0  2 ( B2 − A 2 ) 
 
    
A⋅B a1b1 + a 2 b 2 + a 3 b3 20. (a) As, V = ω× r , then
cos θ
13. (d) = =   
A⋅B A⋅B i j k

2× 4 + 4× 2 − 4× 4 V= 5 −4 +9
=   0
A⋅B 8 −6 3
\ q = cos–1 (0°) ⇒ q = 90° 

V = 42i − 57j + 2k

14. (d) A = 3i + 5j − 7k 
V = ( 42 ) + ( 57 ) + ( 2 )
2 2 2
The direction cosines are 

Ax Ay ⇒= V =5017 70.8 unit
cos α
= =, cos β
A A    
21. (d) A ×=
B 3A ⋅ B ⇒ ABsin
= θ 3ABcos θ
A
cos γ = z
A ⇒ tan θ= 3 ⇒ θ= 60°

(A )
½
| A |= 9 + 25 + 49 = 83 R= A 2 + B2 + 2ABcos 60° = 2
+ B2 + AB
3 5 −7  
cos α
= = , cos β =, cos γ A 1
83 83 83 22. (b) A = 5, B = 10 ⇒ =
B 2
 
15. (a) Given OA = a =3iˆ − 6ˆj + 2kˆ   
  (
B× A . A )( )
and OB = b = 2iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ 23. (d) cosθ =   
B× A A
î ˆj kˆ         
 
( )
∴ a × b = 3 −6 2 ( )( )
B× A . A = B × A A cos 900

( B × A ) .( A ) =
0
2 1 −2 24. (b) For three vectors to be coplanar,
= (12 − 2)iˆ + (4 + 6)ˆj + (3 + 12)kˆ 2 −1 1

1 2 −3 =0
 
= 10iˆ + 10ˆj + 15kˆ ⇒ a × b = 102 + 102 + 152 3 P 5
= 425 5 17
= ⇒ 2 (10 + 3P) + 1(5 + 9) + 1 (P – 6) = 0
1   5 17 28
= a×b=− sq. unit ⇒P=− =−4
Area of DOAB 7
2 9
 
W F ( r2 − r1)
16. (a) = 25. (b) Given: a = 2iˆ − 6ˆj − 3kˆ and b = 4iˆ + 3jˆ − kˆ
  
( )( )
= 3iˆ − 2ˆj + kˆ 6iˆ + 8jˆ + 7kˆ = 18 − 16 + 7 = 9J

a =7, b = 26 and a ⋅ b =−7
17. (d) Dot product of two perpendicular vectors is equal to zero  

a⋅b −7 1
⇒ cos θ =   = =−
(2i + 4j + 6k).(5i
  + 6j − a k)
 =0 a×b 7 × 26 26
10 + 24 – 6a = 0 1 25
⇒ sin 2 θ = 1 − cos 2 θ =1− =
17 26 26
⇒ a=
3
5
 2 2 2
⇒ sin θ =
18. (b) A= 2 + 3 + (−1) = 4 + 9 + 1= 14 26
 1 2
B = (−1) 2 + 32 + 42 = 1 + 9 + 16 = 26 26. (c) For the first
= body, h = gt ( u 0)
2
 
A ⋅ B = 2(−1) + 3 × 3 + (−1)(4) = 3 x 1  x2 
  As, t = ∴ h = g  2  ...... (1)
  A⋅B 3 v 2 v 
The projection of A on = B = 
B 26 h x2 v '2
x2 ∴ = 2×
  h∝ 4h v ( 4x )2
19. (d) F1.F2 = (2i + 5k)(3j
  + 4k)
 v 2
 
F1.F2 = 20 4v2 = vʹ2 \ 2v = vʹ
27. (b)
30. (c)
1 2
Y vy t +
= ay t
2
1
70 =− ( 50 sin 300 ) t + × 10 × t 2
Height of W1 = 500 m 2
2
or t – 5t –14 = 0
Height of W2 = 100 m
or t = 7sec.
Net vertical height through which the ball falls = 500 – 100
 (–ve time is not possible)
= 400 m
TA sin 30° 1
Time taken by the ball to enter W2 is 31. (d) T ∝ sin θ = = or T
=B 3TA
TB sin 60° 3
1 1
S = ut + gt 2 ⇒ 400 = 0 + × 10t 2 H A sin 2 30° 1
2 2 H ∝ sin 2 θ, = = or H=
B 3H A
H B sin 2 60° 3
t
⇒= 80
= 8.9sec.
As, Rq = R90° – q
Horizontal Motion of the ball from W1 to W2 \ RA = RB
1 2H 2 ( 4.9 )
S ux t + ax t2
= 32. (a)
= x u= , 6.2 u ⇒ u = 6.2 ms–1
2 g 9.8
1 2H
100 = u × 8.9 + × ( 0 ) × ( 8.9 )
2
2
33. (c)  R = u ( horizontal projection )
g
u = 11.2 m/s 2nh 2u 2 h
nb u
= ⇒
= n
Short trick: Horizontal Range = 100 m g gb 2
Vertical height = 500 – 100 = 400 m
34. (d) Given ,RA = RB
2h g
v 2 sin 2θ ( v / 2 ) sin 90°
2
R u
= u R
⇒=
g 2h ⇒ =
g g
10 100 1 1 −1  1 
u=
100 × == 11.2 m/s ⇒ sin=
2θ or=
θ sin  
2 × 400 8.9 4 2 8
28. (d) As we know the relation, 1 1
∴θ = sin −1  
2h 2 8
R=u
g 35. (a) Velocity of the bomb is same as velocity of the plane.
Therefore, the bomb falls exactly below the plane.
5
u = 80 × = 22.22 m/s R u 2 sin 2θ g2 R g cos θ
18 36. (d)
= × ⇒= = 4.9
T 2
g 2 2
4u sin θ T 2 2sin θ
2 × 1.5
=R 22.22 × 37. (b) Let horizontal is x and downwards is y-direction.
10 vx
= 11.99 ≈ 12 a
u12 sin 2 45° u 22 sin 60° vy

29. (b) =
2g 2g v
u1 sin 60° 3/2

∴= = = 3: 2
u 2 sin 45° (1/ 2) After time t, vx = ux = 20 ms–1
Velocity in y-direction 42. (d) Horizontal component of the velocity remains constant.
vy = uy + ayt = 0 + gt = gt So, at the highest point velocity will be.
vy gt u 3
tan α= = if α= 45° u cosθ = u cos 30° =
vx 20 2
43. (c) As the stone thrown vertically up will come back to the
10 × t point of projection with same speed, both the stones will
1
Then,= ⇒=t 2s
20 move downward with same initial velocity, so both will
u2 hit the ground with the same velocity.
38. (b) According to the relation, H = So, the ratio of speeds attained when they hit the ground
2g
is 1 :1
u2 500g
R= = 500 ⇒ u 2 = 500 g =H = 250 m Hence correct answer is (c)
g 2g
1
5 500 44. (d) Kinetic energy at the highest point is K = mu 2 cos 2 θ
39. (c) Plane is flying at a speed = 600 × = ms −1 2
18 3 3E
\ K = E cos2 30° =
horizontally (at a height 1960 m) 4
1 2
gt
AB 2
45. (a) = = tan θ
A BC v0 t
q A v0
h
q C
B
x P
Time taken by the kit to reach the ground

q
2h 2 × 1960
=t = = 20 s 2v tan θ
g 9.8 ∴t = 0
g
in this time the kit will move horizontally by
2v 02 tan θ
500 10000 Now, x-coordinate = v0t =
x = ut = × 20 = m g
3 3
So the angle of sight 1 2v 02 tan 2 θ
and y-coordinate = − gt 2 =
2 g
x 10000 10
tan θ= = = = 1.7= 3 or θ= 60° 46. (c) Given that velocity of a swimmer in the river
h 3 × 1960 5.88
Vmw = 4ˆj m/s; the actual velocity of river water
40. (a) Angular momentum = mvr
Vw = 3iˆ m/s; Let the actual velocity of the swimmer is Vm
at starting point r = 0
Vw
2 2 2 2 Vw = 3 km/hr y
41. (b) H u sin θ1 u sin θ2
= = , H2 Vm x
1
2g 2g Vmw
H1 sin 2 θ1 3 sin θ1
= 2
⇒ = Vmw = Vm – Vw
H 2 sin θ2 1 sin θ2
cos θ1 1 =4ˆj Vm − 3jˆ
⇒ =
cos θ2 3 
Vm= 4ˆj + 3iˆ
We know that- 
R ( 3u 2 ) sin 2θ1 =9sin θ1 cos θ1 =9 × 3 × 1
Vm = ( )
42 + 32 = 5 m/s
 1 = 2
R2 u sin 2θ2 sin θ2 cos θ2 1 1 3 47. (a) When a boat tends to cross a river of width along a shortest
path, relative velocity of boat is-
R1 9
\ =
R2 1 VR
= VB2 − Vr2
2 km 54. (d) If instantaneous speed is constant that means motion is

Resultant velocity of the boat and river = = 17.14 uniform such that equal path length / distance are covered
7
hr in equal time intervals.
60
VR2 = VB2 – Vr2 55. (b) Cyclist starts from A and reaches a point E. So the
⇒ Vr2 = VB2 – VR2 displacement is AE
(18) − (17.14 )
2 2
∴ Vr 2= VB 2 − VR 2 = = 5.5 km/h
0
E 60 D
0
60
48. (a) Speed of the two objects moving in the same direction = v 60
0
So, relative velocity would be, Vrelative = v – v = 0 F C

0
60
49. (b) He should row his boat at an angle θ so that the boat 0
60
reaches the opposite point A 600 B
v 4 2
sin θ= = =
u 10 5 AE = FE sin 60° + AF sin 60°
2 AE = 100 3
∴ θ =sin −1  
5 2400
56. (c) Given, f = 2400 rpm = = 40 Hz
 60
50. (c) The velocity of man v m = vjˆ & −2
 \ w = 2πf = 80π rad s
The velocity of the child vc = viˆ
ω + ω
Now, the velocity of the man with respect to a child is Now, θ =  0 t
given by-  2 
    80π + 0 
v mc
= v m − vc ⇒=
θ   × 10
= 400π rad
  2 
⇒ v mc = vjˆ − viˆ
\ Fan will turn angle 400 p after it is switched off

( )
∴ v mc = v ˆj − î
θ 400π
⇒ The number of rotation == = 200
Therefore, the direction is north-west. 2π 2π
51. (b) 57. (b) Here, rpm mean rotation per minute, i.e., it is frequency of
rotation
600
f = 600 rpm ⇒ f = rpm = 10 Hz
60
1 1
⇒T= = = 0.1 s
f 10
Rain drop will hit vertical when
2π 2 × π π
v sin30° = 10 km/h ⇒ v = 20 km/h 58. (d) =
ω = = rad/s
T 60 30
52. (c) Let v be the velocity at the time of collision. 59. (c) Speed of particle is increasing, means tangential
0 0 component of acceleration is positive.
Then, u 2 cos 45 = v sin 60

60. (b) As the speed is constant throughout the circular motion,
therefore its average speed is equal to instantaneous speed.
61. (b) In a uniform circular motion, speed and angular speed
remains constant. Centripetal acceleration always acts
towards the center but velocity does not remains constant
because direction is continuously changing.
1  3v
( u 2 )  = 2
2
2
∴ v= u
3
62. (b) Angular acceleration α =
d2θ
dt 2
d2
53. (a) Since relative acceleration is zero, therefore relative =
α
dt 2
( θ0 + θ1t + θ2 t 2 + θ3 t 3 )
velocity will be constant, so the path will appear to be a
straight line. \ α = 2θ2 + 6 θ3t
63. (d) Net acceleration = a c2 + a t 2 u 2 sin 2θ

5. (a) Range (R) =
g
tangential acceleration = g
a
∴= a c2 + a t 2 R u2
Range ∝ u2 ∴ =2
R ' 4u
v4
=a + g2 ⇒ R' = 4R
r2
1 1 u 2 sin 2 300 u 2 u 2 sin 60° u 2 3
m × ( 2πνR )
2
64. (a) K.E
= mv
= 2
6. (b)
= H max = = and R =
2 2 2g 8g g 2g
1
= m × 4 × π2 × ν 2 × R 2 H u2 2g
2 ∴ = × 2 ⇒ R = 4 3H
R 8g u 3
K.E = m × 2 × π2 × v2 × R2 ; (3.14)2 = 9.85 ≈ 10
120 120 7. (a) For projectile A,
= 4 × 2 × 10 × × × 4× 4
60 60
u A 2 sin 2 60°
K.E = 4 × 2 × 10 × 2 × 2 × 16 = 5120 J HA =
2g
Morale Booster Questions For projectile B
1. (c) v =v y + v x or 5g =( u y − gt ) + u x
2 2 2 2 2
u B 2 sin 2 θ
HB =
=
Since, v y u sin
= 30° 10sin
= 30° 5 3 ms −1 2g
vx = u cos 30° = 10 cos 30° = 5 ms–1 According to question
( )
2
or 50 = 5 3 − 10t + (5) 2 u A 2 sin 2 60° u B 2 sin 2 θ
=
2g 2g
(
∴ 5 3 − 10t =
±5 )
uA2 sin 2 θ
=
5 3 + 15 5 3 −5 u B 2 sin 2 60°
=t1 = and t 2
10 10
∴ t1 − t 2 = 2s  1 
2
sin 2 θ
⇒  = 2
2. (c) According to the question  2  3
     2 
A+B= n A−B  
3
Squaring both side ⇒ sin θ =
2 2
A2 + B2 + 2AB cosθ = n2 (A2 + B2 – 2AB cosθ)
A2 + B2 + 2AB cosθ = n2A2 + n2B2 – n2 × 2AB cosθ  3 
θ =sin −1  
2A2 + 2A2 cosθ = 2n2A2 – 2n2A2 cosθ [ A = B] 2 2
2A2 (1 + cosθ) = 2n2A2 (1 – cosθ) 8. (a) v =3iˆ + 10ˆj, v x = 3, v y =
10
1 + cosθ = n2 – n2 cosθ
1 + cosθ + n2 cosθ = n2 v 2y 100
H
= = = 5m
2g 2 × 10
n2 −1
\ cos θ =
n2 +1 2v y
R = vx × T = vx × = 6m
 n2 −1  g
θ =cos −1  2 
 n +1
( 25 3 )
2 2
9. (a) v r= vTC + vC2 = + (25) 2
3
3. (b) Put y = 0, 0= 12x − x 2 ⇒ x= 16 m
4 = 1875 + 625= 2500= 25 km/hr
2h 2h
4. (c) x = v = 2gh × = 2h
g g 10. (c) Velocity of man = 10 km/h
d
Time taken to cross the river in shortest time t =
v
Time taken for shortest distance
d d
= t=' =
v cos(90° − θ) v sin θ
t d d
Ratio of time in two cases = ÷ sin θ.
=
t ' v v sin θ
14. (b) Since, u sin q × t = 10 m
⇒ 20 sin 45° t = 10
10 1
⇒t= = s
Using the diagram, 20sin 45° 2
 1 2
Vrm = Vr 2 + Vm 2 + 2Vr Vm cos 900 Now, y = (20 sin 45°)t – gt
2

Vrm = relative velocity of rain w.r.t the man 1 1 1 1
= 20 × × − × 10 × = 7.5 m
2 2 2 2
 Vm
V m = velocity of man tan θ = 15. (a) S = t3 + 8
Vr
ds dv
θ is the angle which Vrm makes with the vertical direction v
∴speed, = = 3t 2 ∴ a= = 6t
dt dt
10
tan 450 = tengential acceleration at = 6 × 4 = 24 m/s2
Vr
⇒ Vr =
10 km/h Centripetal acceleration a=
v2
=
( 3t )= 2 2
9t 4
c
R R R
relative velocity of rain w.r.t the man
9 × 16 × 16 3 × 16 × 16
 =ac = ac = 38.4 m/s2
Vrm = (10 ) + (10 ) = 100 + 100 = 10 2 km/h 60 20
2 2
( 38.4 ) + ( 24 )
2 2
∴ Net acceleration a= a c2 + a t 2 =
=a 1474.56 + 576
= 2050.56 ⇒ a = 45.28 m/s2
11. (b)
mv 2 1
16. (a) F = . If m and v are constants, then F ∝
r r
1 Km F1  r2 
=
Velocity along AO = 4 Km/h \ = 
15 F2  r1 
hour
60
Let Velocity of the river is v 17. (a) Change in velocity = (40) 2 + (30) 2 = 50kms −1
Using triangle law of vector addition, 50

Average acceleration
= = 2.5kms −2
20
v= 52 − 42 = 3 km/h
12. (d) Let, the velocity of the scooterist = v

As both are moving in the same direction, therefore
relative velocity of the scooterist with respect to the bus
= v – 10
Since, distance = velocity × time
S = ( v – 10 ) × 100
1000 = ( v – 10 ) × 100
18. (b) By using addition of vector in vector form
v = 20 m/s
13. (b) d = width of the river

θ = angle made with upstream
90 – θ = angle made with normal to the stream.
Vm = ( 20 ) − (10 )
2 2
= 400 − 100 = 300 Multi-Concept Questions
19. (c) Velocity of rain along x-axis is v0 1. (b) Given, x = 2t3

dx dv x
\ vx = = 6t 2 ⇒ a x = = 12t
dt dt
Also, y = 3t3
dy dv y
⇒ vy = = 9t 2 ⇒ a y = = 18t
VR =ui + u cot θj dt dt
2u y \ Acceleration, a = a 2x + a 2y = t 468
20. (d) Time of flight, T = =3
g
u 2 sin 2θ 2u x u y
\ uy = 15 ms–1 2. (d) R = =
g g
u 2y (15)2 \ Range ∝ horizontal initial velocity component (ux)
H
Now, = = = 11.25 m
2g 20 In path 4 range is maximum as foodball has maximum
21. (a) ux = a, uy = b, g = c horizontal velocity component in this path.
2u x u y 2ab
 Horizontal range, R =
g
=
c 3. (c) tan=
φ
H 2H
= =
(u 2
sin 2 θ / g )
R/2 R u 2 sin 2θ / g
22. (d) u = v 0 , a = − α v
sin 2 tan θ
dv 1
0
t 2 ν =tan φ =
= −α v ⇒ ∫ 2sin θ cos θ 2
so,
dt v
dv = ∫
0
−α dt ⇒ t = 0
α
ν0
4. (a) K = K0 – mgh, Here K = kinetic energy at height h,
20 K0 = initial kinetic energy. Variation of K with h is linear.
23. (a) From the graph v= s + 10 ⇒ v = 2s + 10
10 At highest point kinetic energy is not zero.
dv
a v. = 2v
= = 4s + 20 ⇒ a = 24 m/s2 5. (b) Let v km h–1 be the constant speed with which the buses
ds ply between the towns A and B.
  
24. (a) τ = r × F Relative velocity of the bus from A to B with respect to
θ the cyclist = (v – 20) km h–1
25. (c)
= ∆v 2v sin=
  2v sin 20°
2 Relative velocity of the bus from B to A with respect to
1 the cyclist = (v + 20) km h–1
26. (d) Separation between two bodies after T seconds = gT 2
2 Distance travelled by the bus in time T (minutes) = vT
Relative velocity = gT As per question
1
L − gT 2
so time when separation becomes ‘L’ is 2 vT
gT = 18
v − 20
27. (b) v av =
2R
=
t
2 π
=
( )
2 2s

vav = 1 m/s
or vT = 18v – 18 × 20 .....(i)
t π vT
4 and =6
v + 20
28. (b) R net =R + R 2 + R 2 =R + 2R =R ( 2 +1 ) or vT = 6v + 20 × 6 ....(ii)

29. (a) =r atiˆ − bt 2 ˆj x = at and y = – bt2 Equating (i) and (ii), we get
x x −b
2
18v – 18 × 20 = 6v + 20 × 6
⇒ t =  and y =−b   ⇒ y = 2 x 2
a a a or 12v = 20 × 6 + 18 × 20 = 480 or v = 40 km h–1
Putting this value of v in (i), we get
30. (c) Net acceleration of the =
car a (a t ) 2 + (a c ) 2
40T = 18 × 40 – 18 × 20 = 18 × 20
( 40 )
4
4
v 18 × 20
( 4)
2
∴ a= + ⇒ a= 16 + or T
= = 9 min
( 500 )
2
r2 40
 
=
6. (a) a 3iˆ = b 2 3 î + 2ˆj
256 × 104
∴ a= 16 + ⇒ a= 16 + 10.24= 5.122 m/s 2
25 × 104

c= ( ) (
p 3iˆ + q 2 3 î + 2ˆj ) (
3p q2 3 î + 2qjˆ
=+ )
 On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have

(3p + 2q 3 )
2
− ( 2q ) =10
2
| c |= u sin θ = 2g ⇒ u cos θ = g
only (1) satisfying it. squaring and adding
  ⇒ u= 5 g = 10 5ms −1
7. (b) Let A = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + kˆ and B = î − ˆj + 2kˆ unit vector
  11. (d) Say, the ball is at point P when it is at a height of 10 m
perpendicular to both A and B is
  from the ground. So, we have to find distance OP, which
A×B can be calculated direct considering it is a projectile on a
n=  
| A×B| level OX at a height h from the horizontal level.
î ˆj kˆ u 2 sin 2θ
  OP= R=
A×B = 2 3 1 = 7iˆ − 3jˆ − 5kˆ g
1 −1 2
 
7 2 + ( −3) + ( −5 )=
2 2
∴| A×B
=| 83 unit
1
∴ n̂
=
83
(
7iˆ − 3jˆ − 5kˆ )
8. (d) Rate of collection (R) = vA cosθ (θ is the angle between the
velocity of the rain and area of vessel)
R = vA cos0° = vA
102 × sin(2 × 30°)
When the wind blows R = vʹA cosθ, (v is the new velocity ⇒ =R = 8.66m
10
of rain)
v 12. (a) Range of projectile is given by,
v'
= v2 + u 2 cos θ =
v + u2
2 2u 2 sin θ cos θ
R= ...(i)
∴ R = vʹA cosθ = vA = R g
9. (b) In time t, particle has rotated through an angle, u 2 sin 2 θ ...(ii)

H=
2g
θ = ωt
u 2 sin 2 (90° − θ) u 2 cos 2 θ
s PQ
= = QR 2 + PR 2 And, H1 = = ...(iii)
2g 2g
u 2 sin 2 θu 2 cos 2 θ
\ HH1 = ...(iv)
2g × 2g
From Eq. (i), we get
4u 2 sin 2 θ u 2 cos 2 θ × 4
R2 =
2g × 2g
R = 16HH1 [from Eq. (iv)]
or =s ( a sin ωt )2 + ( a − a cos ωt )2
\ R = 4 HH1
ωt
s = 2a sin 13. (c) Path of the object is as shown in figure
2
10. (c) Let the angle made by the instantaneous velocity with the
horizontal be α. Then,
v y u sin θ − gt
tan α
= =
vx u cos θ
Given, α = 45°, when t = 1 s

(i.e., tan 45° = 1)
This gives u cos θ = u sin θ – g ...(i)
14. (a) We know that centripetal acceleration is given by
α = 0 °, when t = 2 s (i.e. tan θ° = 0)
And u sin θ – 2g = 0 ... (ii) V2
a=
R
a1 V12 1
For constant R. a ∝ V2 or =
v 2 a 2 t 2  4 
( 0.4 )( 2πr )
a 2 V22
a CP
= = =
a1 v2 1 r r r
∴ =2=
a 2 (2v) 4 a CP
= 0.2π
2
a2 = 4 a1 or a2 = 4 a (⸪ a2 = a) a T = 0.5 a Net= a CP + a T2 ≈ 0.8

20. (a) For motion along vertical axis,

1
h1 + gt12
1 2
15. (c) h=
1 u sin θt1 − gt12 (for h1) ⇒ t1 = ...(i)
2 u sin θ
1
1 2 h 2 + gt 22
⇒ h=
2 u sin θt 2 − gt 2 (for h2) ⇒ t 2 = 2 ...(ii)
vx = vy 2 u sin θ
i.e. ϕ = 45° On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
v y u y + a y t u sin θ − gt  1 
h + gt 2 / u sin θ
tan =
φ = = t1  1 2 1  g
vx vx u cos θ = ⇒ h1t 2 − h 2 t1= (t1t 22 − t12 t 2 )
t2  1 2 2
 h 2 + gt 2  / u sin θ
gt 0 gt  2 
tan=
φ tan θ − tan 45= tan α −
u cos θ u cos α The time of flight of the ball
 gt  2u sin θ 2
sin α −   =T = (u sin θ)
 u gt g g
1= cos α
= sin α −
cos α u  1 2
2  h1 2 gt1  2  h1 t12 
+
gt u =  =   +  [from Eq. (i)]
= ( sin α − cos α ) =t ( sin α − cos α ) g t1  t1  g 2 
u g  
16. (b) Change in momentum is 2 mv time taken to go around h1 2 h  t t 2 − t 2t 
= × + t1 = 1 ×  1 2 1 2  + t1
t1 g t1  h1t 2 − h 2 t1 
change in momentum
AB = π d ( 2 )( 1 v ) Force =
time h1t1t 22 − h1t12 t 2 + h1t12 t 2 − h 2 t13 h t 2 − h 2 t12
= = 12
t1 (h1t 2 − h 2 t1 ) (h1t 2 − h 2 t1 )
dx ˆ dy ˆ
17. (b) =
ν i+ j
dt dt
21. (b) The projectile is shown below
3
dx dy dx t 2u sin θ 2u sin θ
= t,= x.= so, ν= 2iˆ + 4ˆj =t ⇒4
= ...(i)
dt dt dt 2 g g
u 2 sin 2 θ
18. (d) There will be no change in the maximum height & time of Also, v2 = u2 + 2as ⇒ 02 = u2 sin2θ – 2gh =h
2g
flight.
From equation (ii)
But, Range will increase by
u 2 sin θ 4g 2
1g 2 1 T
2 =2 ⇒ h
=
g 2g
 T as H = g 
24 2 2
h = 2g ⇒ h = 20 m
So, new range = R + H
5
1 22. (c) Equation of projectile, y 10x −   x 2
=
19. (a)  S = at 2 9
2
Equation of trajectory is give by
2πr g
and S = =y x tan θ − .x 2
10 2u 2 cos 2 θ
1 1 g 5
S
\= ( 2πr=) ( 0.5) t 2 On comparing, tan θ = 10 and =
10 2 2u 2 cos 2 θ 9
4 or 10u2 cos2θ = 9g ∴ u 2 cos 2 θ =9

⇒
= t ( 2πr )
10 Range of projectile,
27. (c) v =v y + v x or 5g =( u y − gt ) + u x
2 2 2 2 2
2 2 2
2u sin θ cos θ 2u tan θ cos θ
=R = ( sin =
θ tan θ cos θ) =
Since, v y u sin
= 30° 10sin
= 30° 5 3 ms −1
g g
vx = u cos 30° = 10 cos 30° = 5 ms–1
2(u 2 cos 2 θ).tan θ 2 × 9 × 10
= = = 18m
( )
2
g 10 or 50 = 5 3 − 10t + (5) 2
23. (a) The kinetic energy at the highest point would be equal to (
∴ 5 3 − 10t =
±5)
1 1
(K.E)H = m(u=
cos β) 2 mu 2 cos 2 β 5 3 + 15 5 3 −5
2 2 =t1 = and t 2
10 10
∴ t1 − t 2 = 2s
28. (a) Large angular displacement is scalar as the surface gets

plane with increasing angular displacement.
29. (a) Minimum time taken to cross the river is measured using
the component of boat’s velocity along the width of river
1 which is perpendicular to the river’s velocity. Hence,
So,(KE)H = (KE)i cos2β where, (KE)i = mv 2 increasing or decreasing river’s velocity does not affect
2
the minimum time to cross the river.
3
Thus, KE i cos 2 β = (KE)i 30. (a) In both cases, initial velocity in vertical direction is zero
4
and acceleration acting in vertical direction is acceleration
3 due to gravity.
⇒ cos β= ⇒ β= 30°
2 31. (a) Here it is the correct explanation because one time is
24. (a) Given, R = 2H increased and the other is decreased just because the
direction of resistive force has reversed. If the resistive
We know, R = 4H cot θ force were acting on the same direction, both would have
\ 2H = 4H cotθ been same.
1 32. (b) If µs is the coefficient of static friction between the tires
⇒ cot θ =
2 and the road, the magnitude of frictional force F cannot
2 1 exceed μsmg so that F < mg
⇒ sin θ
= and cos θ
= 2
5 5 Thus, for a safe turn mv < µ s mg
∴ Range of projectile is given by, r
v2
or, µ s > or ν < µ s rg .
2v 2 sin θ cos θ 2v 2 2 1 4v 2 rg
R= = × × =
g g 5 5 5g
Therefore, when the speed of car exceeds the value then
25. (c) As initial velocity is zero. Particle will move in a straight the car overturns. Since the inner wheels are moving in
line along anet. a circle of smaller radius, the maximum permissible
velocity for them is less. Hence the inner wheels leave the
a round first and the car will overturn on the outside.
33. (c) In circular motion, the frictional force acting towards
the center of the horizontal circular path provides the
centripetal force and avoid overturning of vehicle. Due
to the change in direction of motion, velocity changes in
g anet circular motion.
34. (c) T ∝ u and R ∝ u2
2h 2 × 49
Further,
= t = = 10 3.16 s
= When velocity of projection of a body is made n times,
g 9.8
then its time of flight becomes n times and range becomes
Clearly distance travelled by the ball is more than 49 m. n2 times.
x 35. (c) In circular motion, the frictional force acting towards
26. (b) x = kt, t =
k the center of the horizontal circular path provides the
centripetal force and avoid overturning of vehicle. Due
 x  x ax 2
Now, y= k   1 − α ⋅  or y= x − to the change in direction of motion, velocity changes in
 k  k k
circular motion.
36. (c) T ∝ u and R ∝ u2 ⇒ v = 0 + (5) (4)

When velocity of projection of a body is made n times, ⇒ v = 20 m/s
then its time of flight becomes n times and range becomes
At t = 6 sec
n2 times.
For stone
37. (a) This can be easily proved mathematically taking a resistive acceleration due to gravity, a = g = 10 m/s2
force both in x and y direction. The variables are the same
As car is having, v = 20 m/s. So, stone also does. Horizonal
but the height and range decrease due to resistive force.
velocity component, Vx = 20 m/s
38. (a) The body is able to move in a circular path due to centripetal
Vertical downward velocity component, Vy
force. The centripetal force in case of vehicle is provided
by frictional force. Thus, if the value of frictional force Vx
μmg is less than centripetal force, then it is not possible
for a vehicle to take a turn and the body would overturn.
mν 2 Vnet
Thus, condition for safe turning of vehicle is, µmg ≥ .
r
Vy
39. (b) In uniform circular motion, the magnitude of velocity and
Vy = u + at
acceleration remains same, but due to change in direction of
Vy = 0 + g (6 – 4)
motion, the direction of velocity and acceleration changes.
Also, the centripetal acceleration is given by a = ω2r. Vy = 10 × 2 = 20 m/s
V
=net Vx2 + Vy2
( 20 ) + ( 20 ) = 400 + 400
2 2
=
1. (c) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 77-78
= 800
According to the question, the time period is given by,
2πR Vnet = 20 2 m/s
T=
V
3. (c) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 78
2πR
⇒ V = ...(i) 20m/s
T
 2πR 
2
h
sin 2 θ
V sin θ  T 
2 2
H max − m
= = 80m/s
2g 2g
4π2 R 2 sin 2 θ v2 = u2 + 2gh
⇒ 4R = 2
2T g 802 = 202 + 2 × 10h
⇒ 2T2g = p2R sin2 q h = 300m
2T g2
4. (a) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 77
⇒ sin 2 θ =
π2 R From equation of motion
1
 2gT 2  2
1
⇒ sin 2 θ = 2  S= ut + at 2
 πR  2
1
here S = 1.5 m t = 0.1s
 2gT 2  2
−1
⇒ θ =sin  2 
 πR  1.5 u ( 0.1) +
=
1
(10 )( 0.1)( 0.1)
2. (c) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 77-78 2
Given, ⇒ u = 14.5 m/s

For car,
5. (a) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 72
Initial velocity, u = 0
Final velocity, v VSG = 20m/s
acceleration, a = 5 m/s2 VRG = 10m/s
time, t = 4 sec For shortest path
  
Now, using equation of motion, VSG + V RG =
VSR
v = u + at
u2
(Stopping distance) x 2 =
2gsin 30°
x1 sin 30° 1 × 2
⇒ = = = 1: 3
x 2 sin 60° 2 × 3
8. (b) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 68

 
A − B will give us a new vector whose direction will be in the
plane of A and B.
 
From vector triangle :- A × B will give us a new vector whose direction will be
perpendicular to A and B.
V    
sin θ = RG
VSG Then the angle between A − B and A × B will be 90°
9. (c) NCERT (XI) Ch - 3, Pg. 78
10 T1 = T2
sin θ =
20
Vy = Same for both cases
1
sin θ = = θ = 30°west Vy2
2 H=
2g
6. (d) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 80
H1 = H2 since all are same for both cases
10. (b) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 82

   
A+B = A−B
A2 + B2 + 2AB cos θ = A2 + B2 – 2AB cos θ

4AB cos θ = 0
cos θ = 0
θ = 90°

11. (c) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 74
TA = TB = T 
r = cos ωtxˆ + sin ωtyˆ
2π
ωA = vˆ = −ω sin ωtxˆ + ω cos ωtyˆ
TA 
a = −ω2 cos ωtxˆ + ω2 ( − sin ωt ) yˆ
2π 
ωB = = −ω2 r
TB   
=r.v 0 hence r ⊥ v
ωA TB T
= = = 1
ωB TA T
12. (a) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 67
Particle at periphery will have both radial and tangential
7. (c) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 77 acceleration
a p = Rα = 0.5 × 2 = 1 ms −2
ω = ω0 + αt
ω = 0 + 2 × 2 = 4 rad/sec
( 4 ) × 0.5 =×
2
ω2 R =
ac = 8 ms −2
16 0.5 =
a total = a p2 + a c2 = 12 + 82 ≈ 8 ms −2
13. (a) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 71, 72
u2
(Stopping distance) x1 =
2gsin 60°
 17. (d) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 77-78

v BA = 102 + 102 = 10 2 kmph
In a projectile vertical component of velocity keeps on changing
Distance
= OB 100=
cos 45° 50 2 km with time.
Time taken to reach the shortest distance between While horizontal velocity component remains constant
50 2 50 2
A=
&B =
 = 5h
v BA 10 2
14. (d) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 73


=R 4sin ( 2πt ) î + 4cos ( 2πt ) ˆj

 dR
v= = 8π cos 2πtiˆ − 8π sin 2πtjˆ
dt

v = 8 m / s 2 2
∴Velocity is 2iˆ − 3jˆ
v= 8π cos ( 2πt )  +  −8π sin ( 2πt ) 
= 64π2 18. (b) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 76

= 8π m/s   
( ) ( )
v =u + at = 2iˆ + 3jˆ + 0.3iˆ + 0.2ˆj (10 ) =5iˆ + 5jˆ
∴ statement in option (d) is wrong 
Hence v = 5 2 units
15. (d) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 73-74
19. (b) NCERT (XI) Ch – 4, Pg. 77-79

∆ r (13 − 2 ) î + (14 − 3) ˆj 11 ˆ ˆ

v=av =
∆t 5−0
=
5
i+j ( ) R=
H max ⇒
2u 2 sin θ cos θ u 2 sin 2 θ
=
g 2g
16. (a) NCERT (XI) Ch - 4, Pg. 78 ⇒ tan θ= 4 ⇒ θ= tan −1 ( 4 )
u 2 sin 2 θ
As Range
= so, g ∝ u 2
g
2
3
 ( 9.8 ms ) 3.5 ms
−2 −2
Therefore
= g planet =
5
 
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Motion in A Plane

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3 Motion in a Plane

Past Year Trend Analysis NEET (Year 2012-2021)

Past Year Weightage Percentage

6. Unit vector : A vector divided by its magnitude is defined as

Let us find the resultant of four vectors (1) Magnitude

But sin (180º – q) = sin q and cos(180º – q) = – cos q

But sin (180º – q) = sin q and cos(180º – q) = – cos q

Rain Umbrella Concept

(Relative velocity VM − VRx

The magnitude of velocity of rain relative to man is

If b is the angle made by the umbrella with vertical, then,

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u2 1 u 2 sin 2 θ Where A and B are constants

ONLINE CLASSES LINK

(a) The angle between velocity and acceleration

 Change in momentum of the projectile along horizontal 2u 2 sin 2θ

Projectile As Seen From Another Projectile

(ii) If u1 cos q1 = u2 cos q2 ( initial horizontal components)

 For a projectile, ‘y’ component of velocity at half the maximum K = Ki – mgy

Key Note It is a st. line

Where, T is time of flight.

(iv) K – p2 graph (iii) The angle at which it strikes the ground

17.3 (d) The distance between them when their

(c) Projectile thrown down from the top of a town making an

Key Note Important Points To Be Memorized

Practice Relation Between Linear and Angular Variables

Q. What is the magnitude of average velocity after half ds = rdq

CENTRIPETAL ACCELERATION (Ar OR Ac)

Uniform Circular Motion at

5. If the resultant of n forces of different magnitudes acting at a

Where, T is time of flight.

(iv) K – p2 graph (iii) The angle at which it strikes the ground

Formulas a. 10 km/s b. 20 km/h

52. A ball is thrown from a point A with velocity u 2 at an

3. For shortest time

17.3 (d) The distance between them when their

(c) Projectile thrown down from the top of a town making an

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P   

a. 0.5 b. 1 a. 6.12 m/s2 b. 4 × 102 m/s2

a. 4.5 min b. 9 min a. 10 3ms −1 b.

11. A boy playing on the roof of a 10 m high building throws

a = 0.50 m/s2. Find the total acceleration of the particle when

2. A car starts from rest and accelerates at 5 m/s2. At t = 4 s, a a. 60° b. 90°

Practice Relation Between Linear and Angular Variables

Q. What is the magnitude of average velocity after half ds = rdq

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Morale Booster Questions

NEET Past 10 Year Questions

Topic-wise Questions ⇒ cos θ =

\ q = cos–1 (0°) ⇒ q = 90° 

The direction cosines are 

2 1 −2 24. (b) For three vectors to be coplanar,

= (12 − 2)iˆ + (4 + 6)ˆj + (3 + 12)kˆ 2 −1 1

17. (d) Dot product of two perpendicular vectors is equal to zero  

u12 sin 2 45° u 22 sin 60° vy

u1 sin 60° 3/2

Time taken by the kit to reach the ground

2 km 54. (d) If instantaneous speed is constant that means motion is

So, relative velocity would be, Vrelative = v – v = 0 F C

63. (d) Net acceleration = a c2 + a t 2 u 2 sin 2θ

Morale Booster Questions For projectile B

Change in momentum of the projectile along horizontal 2u 2 sin 2θ

For a projectile, ‘y’ component of velocity at half the maximum K = Ki – mgy