Gi mu
mu d 2
_CELBE]BQ
GBEBKCGC
GBEBK CGCE
E QBE]BF _BZI@

1?12 _usbt _cemfmf`be mbe _cdbtfhbe _AK

D@__
 

_CEMBHSDSBE

@igpctcesf
@ig pctcesf Mbsbr 
Mbsbr 
Zctcdbh gcelf`utf pcgacdbkbrbe fef _cscrtb mbpbt gcekcdbs`be @iescp ZJG, @ctcr`bftbe _AK
mcelbe ZJG, _cecrbpbe ZJG mbdbg _AK

Femf`btir @cacrhbsfdb
@cacrhbsfdbe
e

Zctcdbh gcelf`utf pcgacdbkbrbe fef pcscrtb mbpbt gcgbhbgf;

b. @iescp
@iescp Mbsbr
Mbsbr Gbebkcgc
Gbebkcgce
e Qbetbf
Qbetbf _bsi`
_bsi`
a. @ctcr`bftbe _celbmbbe Abrbel/Kbsb mcelbe Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`
j. _cecrbpbe Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi` mbdbg
mbdbg _celbmbbe Abrbel/Kbsb

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

1
 

GB]CQF @IEZC_ MBZBQ

_CELBE]BQ GBEBKCGCE
GBEBK CGCE QBE]BF
QBE]BF _BZI@
GBEBKCGCE  
QBE]BF _BZI@

@C]CQ@BF]BE _A K_ MCELBE
_AK_ MCEL BE
 1 GBEBKCGC
GBEBK CGCE
E QBE]BF _BZI@

_CECQB_BE GBEBKCGCE
_CECQB_BE GBEB KCGCE QBE]BF
 : _BZI@ MBDBG _CELBMBBE
ABQBEL/KBZB _CGCQFE]BH

Gimud
Kcefs @igpctcesf _celbetbr
Gcelcdidb Gbebkcgce
_AK_ QbetbfDcvcd
Gcdbduf Zwb`cdidb _bsi`
2
: ::
 

_CELCQ]FBE
_CELCQ]FBE ZS__DV JHBFE
JHB FE

 Zuppdy Jhbfe
mfhuauel`be  bmbdbh
idch sbtu sc`ugpudbe
btbu dcafh bdfrbe irlbefsbsf ybel
primu`, kbsb, scjbrb dbelsuel
`cubelbe, btbu fenirgbsf
mbrf hudu/sugacr `c hfdfr/pcdbellbe

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

=
 

@IG_IECE _CE]FEL
_CE]FEL ZS__DV JHB
JHBFE
FE

Qbetb
etbff _bsi` Hudu Qbe
betbf
tbf _bsi` Fetc
Fetcrebd
rebd Qbetb
etbff _bsi` Hfdfr 
(Spstrcbg Zuppdy Jhbfe) (Fetcrebd Zuppdy Jhbfe)
Jhbfe ) (Miwestr cb
cbg
g Zuppdy Jhbfe)
Jhbfe )

•   Gcdfputf scgub priscs pcecrfgbb

pcecrfgbbe
e •   Gcdfputf scgub b`tfvftbs ybel gcdfabt`be
•   Gcdfputf b`tfvftb
b`tfvftbs
s mbrf
mbrf sub
subtu
tu abrbe
abrbel l `c Lum
Lumbelbel blbr mbpbt priscs trbespirtb
trbespirtbsf
sf mbe mfstrfausf mbrf
irlbefsbsf
irlbefsb sf `irpi
`irpirbs
rbsff bt
btbu
bu festftu
festftusf
sf mflueb`be uetu` `cpcrdube priscs bdi`bsf
bdi`b sf pcrscmfbb
pcrscmfbbe e btbu abrbel ybel
mcelbe
mcelb e pbrb rc`b
rc`bebe
ebe pcgb
pcgbsi`
si` mf rbetbf supdbf fetcrebd, tcrscmfb mbdbg priscs rbetbf supdbf
mbdbg upstrcbg suppdy jhbfe. • NI@SZ; gbebkcgce pceyfgpbebe fetcrebd, `c pbrb pcecrfgb b`hfr, mf mbdbg
• NI@SZ;; pcelbmbbe abrbel btbu kbsb.
NI@SZ mbe pcelcembdfbe pcrscmfbbe, scrtb rbetbf supdbf hfdfr.
gbebkcgce pcelcembdfbe gutu. • NI@SZ; trbespirtbsf, mfstrfausf, scrbh
tcrfgb, mbe dbybebe pureb kubd.

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

3
 

LBGABQBE GBEBKCGCE QBE]BF _BZI@

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

>
 

ZS__DV JHBFE MBQF HSDS @C HFDFQ

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

<
 

^BQFBZF QBE]BF _BZI@ HFDFQ

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

8
 

ZS__DV
ZS__DV JHBFE
JHB FE GBEBKCGC
GBEBK CGCE
E

Zuppdy Jhbfe Gbeblcgcet (ZJG) bmbdbh _DBE

Mcgbem nircjbstfel,
gbebkcgce ybel gcdfputf pcrcejbebbe
pcrcejbebbe mbe
 mbe primujt prfjfel,
fevcetiry gbeblcgcet
pcelcdidbbe scgub `clfbtbe ybel tcrdfabt mbdbg
fmcetfn f`bsf suga cr mbyb mbe
mbe pcelbmbbe
pcelbmbbe
(siurjfel bem prijurcgcet), `ievcrsf

(jievcrsfie),
dilfstf`. " . mbe scgub `clfbtbe gbebkcgce
MCDF^CQ ZISQJC
Irmcr gbeblcgcet, _rijurcgcet jrcmft
mcdfvcry sjhcmudfel bem jiddcjtfie

Zcablbf pcemc`btbe gceycduruh mbrf

ipcrbsf irlbefsbsf, ZJG mflbgabr`be mbdbg
sf`dus gbebkcgce ↑ _dbe, Ziurjc, Gb`c,
mbe Mcdfvcr. GB@C
_rimujt mcsfle,
primujfel sjhcmudfel,
nbjfdfty gbeblcgcet

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

6
 

ZF@DSZ GBEBK
GB EBKCGC
CGCE
E ZS__DV
ZS__DV JHBFE

  _DBE   ZISQJC : GB@C = MCDF^CQ

]rbesnirgbsf
abhbe mbrf abhbe
ab`u gcekbmf
primu` nureftur 
_riscs ybel
gceycfgabel`be _cgacdfbe abhbe ab`u
mcelbe `ubdftbs mbe _riscs uetu`
pcrgfetbbe mbe
pbsi`be uetu` hbrlb tcrabf` gcelfrfg`be mbe

gcecetu`be tfemb`be gcemfstrfausf`be

abrbel/kbsb `c
tcrabf` mbdbg
gcgceuhf `cautuhbe pcellueb b`hfr 
pcelbmbbe, primu`sf,
mbe pcelfrfgbe

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

2?
 

FDSZ]QBZF _QIZCZ GBEBKCGCE

QBE]BF ZS_DBF

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

22
 

GB]CQF @IEZC_ MBZBQ

_CELBE]BQ GBEBKCGCE
GBEBK CGCE QBE]BF
QBE]BF _BZI@
GBEBKCGCE  
QBE]BF _BZI@

@C]CQ@BF]BE _A K_ MCELBE
_AK_ MCEL BE
 1 GBEBK
GBEBKCGC
CGCE
E QBE]BF _BZI@

_CECQB_BE GBEBKCGCE
_CECQB_BE GBEB KCGCE QBE]BF
 : _BZI@ MBDBG _CELBMBBE
ABQBEL/KBZB _CGCQFE]BH

Gimud
Kcefs @igpctcesf _celbetbr
Gcelcdidb Gbebkcgce
_AK_ QbetbfDcvcd
Gcdbduf Zwb`cdidb _bsi`
2
21
 21 21
 

@B ]CLIQF
]CLIQF ZC@]IQ
ZC@]IQ MBE B@
B @ ]F^F]BZ
]F^F]BZ VBEL
GCEKB
GCE KBDB
DB E@BE
E@B E _QIZCZ
_QIZCZ ZJG
ZJG (2/:)
Zcjbrb
Zcjbrb ugug, _crusb
_crusbhbb
hbbe
e tcrablf
tcrablf btbs;
btbs;
Abembe
Abembe Hu`ug Ssbhb
Ssbhb _rimu`sf ;
•  Femustrf Hudu (Femustrf Abhbe
Abhbe Mbsbr,
Femustrf, C`spdirbsf, Femustrf Ztrbtclfs)
•  Femustrf Hfdfr
Hfdfr (Abhbe Gb`bebe mbembe
Gfeugbe, Itigitfn, ]c`eidilf mbe
Fenirgbsf

Mfstrfausf mbe pcrmblbelbe; mfstrfautir,

lrisfr, pbsbr gimcre, pbsbr trbmfsfiebd, mbe
pcmblbel cjcrbe

ZC@]IQ AFZEFZ  B`tf

 B` tf vf tbs @ir
@i r pi rbs f
_c`crkbbe mbe dbybebe ybel acrabsfs
priyc`; pc`crkbbe `iestru`sf, tc`eidilf
Gcdbybef
fenirgbsf,
`iesudtbsf pceycdcellbrbbe `clfbtbe, kbsb
Gcejfptb`be
Gcgprimu`sf Acrablbf sc`tir kbsb; trbespirtbsf,
Mfstrfausf b`igimbsf, bdfhmbyb, mbe kbsb dbfeeyb

Mblbel

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

2:
 

QBE]BF _BZI@ LBQGCE

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 2=

@B ]CLIQF
]CLIQF ZC@]IQ
ZC@]IQ MBE B@]F^F]
B @]F^F]BZ
BZ VBEL
GCEKB
GC EKBDB
DBE@B
E@BE
E _QIZCZ ZJG (1/:)
_QIZCZ ZJG

IQLBEFZBZF
Eie

MS@SELBE

@CAS]SHBE
Zcjbrb ugug sc`tir efrdbab tcrablf btbs;
GCGABE]S 2. Dcgablb pcemfmf`be;
pcemfmf`be; pcemfmf`be
pcemfmf`be nirgbd mbe pcemfmf`be
pcemfmf`be
_CGCQFE]BH fenirgbd
1. Dcgablb sisfbd `cgbeusfbbe;
`cgbeusfbbe; dcgablb sisfbd
sisfbd `cblbgbbe,
`cblbgbbe,
@IE]QFASZF dcgablb sisfbd `cschbtbe, dcgablb abetube sisfbd
`cgbsybrb`btbe,, dcgablb sisfbd `irpirbsf
`cgbsybrb`btbe
:. Dcgablb swbmbyb
swbmbyb gbsybrb`bt; irlbefsbsf `cgbsybrb`btbe,
`cgbsybrb`btbe,
irlbefsbsf princsf, dcgablb `bkfbe gbsybrb`bt
ZC@]IQ EFQDBAB =. Dcgablb abetube fetcrebsfiebd
fetcrebsfiebd;; pbdbel gcrbh fetcrebsfiebd,
fetcrebsfiebd,
dcgablb mbe abmbe _crscrf`btbe Abelsb-Abelsb,
Abelsb-Abelsb, dcgablb
abetube sisfbd fetcrebsfiebd

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 23

@B]CLIQF ZC@]IQ MBE B@]F^F]BZ VBEL

 
 

GCEKB
GCEKBDB
DB E@BE
E@B E _QIZC
_QIZCZ
Z ZJG (:/:)
@cgcetcrfbe
@cgcetcrfbe Dbfe;

]fmb` gcgfdf`f
gcgfdf`f fenrbstr
fenrbstru`tur
u`tur lumbel
lumbel mbe bssct
mbdbg kugdbh ybel sflefnf`be, `brceb scgubeyb
mfpbsi` mbe mfscmfb`be idch pbrb pceycmfb
tcrpfdfh scsubf gc`befsgc pcelcdidbbe `ietrb`.
@clfbtbe afri`rbsf sfstcg
`ctbtbeclbrbbe mbdbg subtu eclbrb mcelbe

tukube
sc`b gcekbd
gce
sc`bdflus
dflus kbdbe`
be`be
gcdb be rimb
gcdbybef
ybef gbsybpcg
pcgcrf
gbsybrb`bcrfetb
rb`bt etbhbe
t  mf hbe mbe
eclbrb
tcrscaut.
@cgcetcrfbe @cschb
@cgcetcrfbe @cschbtbe,
tbe, Gfdftcr,
Gfdftcr, Absbreb
Absbrebs,
s,
AE_A, _GF;
•  Bmbeyb priscs ZJG ybel acrkbdbe scjbrb
scjbrb
ZC@]IQ acr`cdbekutbe, priyc`, mbe sc`bdflus kulb

_CGCQFE]BH •
`iemfsf mbrurbt,
  @chbmfrbe
@chbmfrbe lumbel scjbrb nfsf` ybel
@cgcetcrfbe gceyfgpbe pcrscmfbbe mbe bssct 
mbe  bssct ,
Dcgablb
•   Seft trbespirtbsf mbe mfstrfausf ybel
stbemay  sctfbp
 sctfbp sbbt.

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 2>

 
_crbe
_crbe Zuppdy
Zup pdy Jhbfe
Jhbfe Gbeblcgcet
Gbeblcgcet

ZJ
ZJGGllud
gcru
gc rupb
pb`b
`be
`e
igpbd
bdbt
bt
ftffn gcej
gcejbp
bpbf
bf
?2 ZC@]IQ AFZEFZ `c
`cue
uell udbe
be igp ct
ctft mb
mbddbg
pcrsbfelbe

  ZJG
ZJG susumb
mbhh c`sf
c`sfs
s eb
ebgu
guee acacdu
dug
g
?1 ZC@]IQ EFQDBAB
ZJG gcekbmf tidi` u`ur `cacrhbsfdbe

_ris
_riscs
cs ZJG
ZJG sc
scac
aceb
ebre
reyb
yb sc
scjb
jbrb
rb
nuelsfiebd sumbh acrkbdbe sbbt priscs
ZC@]IQ _CDBVBEBE _celbmbbe
_celb mbbe Abrbel/Kb
Abrbel/Kbsb
sb _cgcrfetb
_cgcrfetbhh
?: _SADF@  mfdb`sbeb`be. Kf`b tfmb` `ftb rbsb`be
`chbmfrbe priscs ZJG tcrscaut, dcafh
`brceb acdug bmbeyb rcludbsf ZJG mf
sc`tir puadf`

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 2<

  _CELBMBBE MF IQLBEFZBZF AFZEFZ MBE

_CGCQFE]BHBE

Irlbefsbsf _CQACMBBE Irlbefsb

Irlbefsbsf
sf Afsefs
_cgcrfetbh
_celbmbbe pbmb irlbefsbsf  Bellbrbe pcelbmbbe
pcelbmbbe bmbdbh
bmbdbh gfdf`
gfdf`
pcgcrfetbh mf _usbt mbe Mbcrbh pcrusbhbbe schfellb bmb ndc`sfafdf
ndc`sfafdftbs
tbs
2 tcrlbetuel pbmb `ctcrscmfbbe mbdbg pcelluebbeeyb mbrf sumut 2
bellbrbe pbmb pcrfimb wb`tu tcrtcetu  kugdbh, `ubdftbs,
`ubdftbs, mbe wb`tu
wb`tu

Irlbefsbsf pcgcrfetbh hbrus acrirfcetbsf pbmb dbab mbe tcrutbgb

gcyb`fe`be wbrlb abhwb ubel acrni`us pbmb pcefel`btbe
1 puadf` mfhbafs`be mcelbe afkb` mbe pcelcgabdfbe ablf pcgfdf` btbu 1
trbespbrbe pcgclbel sbhbg pcrusbhbbe

_CQZBGBBE
Irlbefsbsf afsefs mbe pcgcrfetbh gcgfdf`f tukube ybel sbgb mbdbg
gcembpbt`be efdbf ubel (vbduc nir giecy) mbdbg scgub `clfbtbe pcelbmbbe

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 28

_CELB
_CELB MBB E MF ZC@]IQ
ZC@]IQ _CGCQFE]BH
_CGCQFE]BH

_AK_ MBDBG _AK_ MBDBG _AK_ @CLFB]

@CLFB]BE
BE
@CLFB]BE
@CLFB]BE QS]FE @CLFB]BE _QIVC@ ]BELLB_ MBQSQB]

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 26

@ctc
@ctcr`b
r`bftb
ftbe
e _AK_ mc
mcelb
elbe
e ZJG

_AK_ MBDBG ]BHB_

uetu` pdbeefel, siurjfel,
@cautuhbe uetu` pdbeefel, ?2 _CQCEJBEBBE (_DBE)
gb`fel, mbe  mcdfvcrfel sc`tir
mbe mcdfvcrfel  sc`tir afsefs
 kulb hbmfr mf acrablbf festbesf puadf`.
Gceycsubf`be tbhbpbe priscs
_AK_ MBDBG ]BHB_
tcrscaut uetu` b`tfvftbs
tbhbpbepcgcrfetbh,
_CDB@ZBEBBE (ZISQJC)
gudbf sc`brbel tcrscaut   ?1
mfscaut scablbf scablbf tbhbpbe
gbebkcgce pcrcejbebbe, pcelbmbbe,
primu`sf, mbe _AK_ MBDBG ]BHB_ _QIMS@ZF, &
pcelfrfgbe/mfstrfausf/pceycabrdubsbe. ?: _CELCEMBDFBE GS]S MBE
_CQLSMBELBE

_AK_ MBDBG ]BHB_

_CELFQFGBE/MFZ]QFASZF MBE
ZCQBH ]CQFGB
?=

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 1?

_AK_ mb
mbdbg
dbg Qb
Qbetbf _bsi`
 

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 12
 

GB]CQF @IEZC_ MBZBQ

_CELBE]BQ
GBEBKCGCE   GBEBKCGCE
GBEBK CGCE QBE]BF
QBE]BF _BZI@

QBE]BF _BZI@

@C]CQ@BF]BE _A K_ MCELBE
_AK_ MCEL BE
 1 GBEBKCGC
GBEBK CGCE
E QBE]BF _BZI@

_CECQB_BE GBEB
_CECQB_BE GBEBKCGCE
KCGCE QBE]BF
 : _BZI@ MBDBG _CELBMBBE
ABQBEL/KBZB _CGCQFE]BH

Gimud
Kcefs @igpctcesf _celbetbr
Gcelcdidb Gbebkcgce
_AK_ QbetbfDcvcd
Gcdbduf Zwb`cdidb _bsi`
2
 11 11
11

_crcejbebb
rcejbebbe
e ZJG
 

•   Qcejbeb`be urut-urutbe `clfbtbe

`clfbtbe mbdbg
mbdbg tfbp •
  Iptfgbsf`b
Iptfgbsf`be e pfdfhbe `clfbtbe swb`cdidb   (fe-
`clfbtbe swb`cdidb
sclgce rbetbf supdbf hiusc) btbu gcdbduf pceycmfb (iutsiurjc)
•   ]ctbp`be tfel`bt mbe sbsbrbe pcdbybebe •   Kbmwb
Kbmwbd`b
d`be
e scduru
scduruhh `clfb
`clfbtbe
tbe mbdbg
mbdbg nuelsf
nuelsf
•   ]ctbp`be `ubdftbs pcdbybebe wb`tu
•   Ac
Acrb
rbpb
pb abey
abeyb`
b` mbe
mbe dubs
dubseyeybb kbel
kbel`b
`bub
ube e •   @bd`
@bd`ud
udbs
bsff af
afby
bybb `clf
`clfbt
btbe
be sisiur
urjf
jfel
el mbe
mbe
pcdbybebe prijurcgcet
•   Acr
Acrbpb
bpb abeyb`
abeyb` pb`ct
pb`ct pcelbm
pcelbmbbe bbe/`c
/`clfb
lfbtbe
tbe •   Hftuel kugdbh
kugdbh pcrsiefd
pcrsiefd fetcrebd
fetcrebd mbe c`stcrebd
ybel hbrus mfdb`sbeb`be ybel mfautuh`be
•   Ac
Acrb
rbpb
pb db dbgb
gb pcdb
pcdb`s
`sbe
bebb
bbee mfsc
mfsctf
tfbp
bp tftf
tftf`
` •   @bd`udbsf titbd bellbrbe ybel mfautuh`be
`clfbtbe •   Ablbfgbeb jbrf gcembpbt`be belbrbe
•   Iptfgbsf`be afbyb mfsctfbp tftf` `clfbtbe •
  Ablbfgbeb
Ablbfgbeb gceliptfgbdfsbs
gceliptfgbdfsbsf`be
f`be `cautuhbe
`cautuhbe
afbyb mbrf acrablbf sugacr 
•   Zf
Zfbp
bp`b
`bee mi`u
mi`ugc
gcee rcej
rcejbe
beb
b ZJG
ZJG uetu
uetu`
`
pcejbpbfbe tukube mbe sbsbrbe utbgb

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 1:

ZJG _BMB DC^CD Z]QB]CLFZ, ]B@]FZ MBE

I_CQBZFIEBD

Z]QB]CLFZ ]B@]FZ I_CQBZFIEBD

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 1=

ZJG _BMB DC^CD Z]QB]CLFZ

_CELBGAFDBE _CEVCDBQBZBE _CQCEJBEBBE @IIQMFEBZF _CECQB_BE _CEVFB_BE

@C_S]SZBE MBE
@CAFKB@BE _AK_ Z]QB]CLF ]CQ_BMS MBE
]CQFE]CLQBZF MBE
@IGSEF@BZF ]C@EIDILF
FENIQGBZF QCLSDBZF
IQLBEFZBZF

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 13

ZJG _BMB DC^C

D C^CD
D ]B@]FZ
]B@ ]FZ

2
_cgctbbe Zuppdy
_isftfiefel Gimcd mbe
 Zuppdfcr _crjcptfie
_crjcptfie Gimcd
  =  Z`bdb _rfirftbs
_rfirftbs @cautuhbe

Gbebkcgce @ietrb`
1 3 Iptfgbdfsbsf Kbrfelbe

^cemir Gbeblcgcet
: > Gbebkcgce _crscmfbbe

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 1>

ZJG _BMB DC^CD I_CQBZFIEBD

2   1   :   =   3   >   <

 ZCDC@ZF _CECQFGBBE _QIZCZ _CEBELBEBE _CEBELBEBE _QIZCZ  _QIZCZ 

_CEVCMFB _CQGFE]BBE  ZCQBH _CQZCMFBBE  ]QBEZ_IQ]BZF  FEZ_C@ZF _CEBLFHBE
_AK  ]CQFGB MBE MBE ACQ@BDB MBE
ABQBEL/  _CQLSMBELBE  MFZ]QFASZF  _CGABVBQBE 
 KBZB

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 1<

_QIZCZ ZJG MBDBG _CEMC@B]BE

Z]QB]CLFZ,, ]B@]FZ
Z]QB]CLFZ ]B@ ]FZ MBE I_CQB
I_CQB ZFIEBD
ZFIEBD

Ztrbtclfs ]b`tfs Ipcrbsfiebd

 Bdi`bsf mbe pcelluebbe _cd

_cdb`s
b`sbeb
beb tul
tulbs
bs tcrt
tcrtcet
cetu
u
@cscduruhbe
tukube irlbefsbsf sugacrmbyb scjbrb cnc`tfn  mbdbg pcdb`sbebbe
mbe cnfsfce b`tfvftbs

Kbel`b pbekbel Kbel`b gcecelbh Kbel`b pcemc`

]belluelkbwba ]belluel kbwba ]belluel gbebkcg

kcgce
gbebkcgce gbebkcgce tfel`bt tfel`bt abwbh btbu
puejb` gcecelbh pceycdfb

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`
18

_CECQB_BE
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBDBG
MBD BG _AK_
_AK _

2   1 : =  3  > <

_CQCEJBEBBE   ZISQJFEL _QIMS@ZF  _CELFQFGBE  GBEBKCGCE  ZCQBH _CQ]S@BQBE 

MBE (GB@C) MBE _CQLSMBELBE  ]CQFGB  / _CQLBE]FBE
_CELBMBBE 
MFZ]QFASZF ABQBEL / ABQBEL
 KBZB
 Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`
16

_CECQB_BE
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBDBG
MBD BG _AK_
_AK _
_crbe pbdfel pcetfel mbrf ZJG uetu` pcdb`sbeb`be
`clfbtbe mbdbg rbetbf supdbf bmbdbh pcrcejbebbe.

2 2. Qcejbeb
Qcejbeb`be
`be urut
rbetbf supdbf0
urut-uru
-urutbe
tbe `clf
`clfbtbe  
btbe mbdbg tfbp sclgce 2?. Iptfgbsf
Iptfgbsf`be
`be pfd
pfdfhbe >
fhbe `clfbtbe  
`clfbtbe swb`cdi
swb`cdidb
btbu gcdbduf pceycmfb (iutsiurjc)0
<
db (fe-hiusc
(fe-hiusc))

1. ]ctbp`be tfel`bt mbe sbsb

sbsbrbe
rbe pcd
pcdbybebe0
bybebe0 22. Kbmwbd`be scduruh `clfbtbe mbdbg nuelsf
n uelsf wb`tu0
:. ]ctbp`be `ubdftbs pcdbybebe0
pcdbybebe0 21. @bd`udbsf afbyb `clfbtbe siurjfel mbe prijurcgcet0
_CQCEJBEBBE  =. Acrbpb a
abeyb`
beyb` mbe dubseyb kbel`bube pcdbybeb
pcdbybebe0
e0 2:. Hftuel
Hftuel kugdbh
kugdbh pcrsiefd
pcrsiefd fetcrebd
fetcrebd mbe c`stcreb
c`stcrebdd ybel
ybel
3. Acrbpb
Acrbpb abey
abeyb`
b` pb`ct
pb`ct pcel
pcelbmbb
bmbbe/`c
e/`clfbtb
lfbtbe
e ybel
ybel hbru
hbrus
s mfautuh`be0
mfdb`sbeb`be @Z 2=. @bd`udbsf titbd bellbrbe ybel mfautuh`be0
>. Ablbf
Ablbfgbe
gbeb b gcd
gcdb`u
b`u`be
`be primu
primu`sf
`sf mbe mbe ab
ablbf
lbfgbe
gbeb
b 23. Ablbfgbeb jbrb gcembpbt`be bellbrbe 0
`bpbsftbs nbsfdftbse
n bsfdftbseyb0
yb0
2>. Ablbfgbe
Ablbfgbeb b gceliptf
gceliptfgbdf
gbdfsbsf
sbsf`be
`be `cau
`cautuhbe
tuhbe afb
afbyb
yb
<. Ablb
Ablbfgb
fgbeb
eb gcdb`u
gcdb`u`be
`be pcelf
pcelfrfg
rfgbe
be,, mfstr
mfstrfa
fausf
usf,, btb
btbu
u mbrf acrablbf sugacr0
pceycabrdubsbe0
2<. Zfbp`be mi`ugce rcejbeb ZJG uetu` pcejbpbfbe
8. FAcrbpb dbgb pcdb`sbebbe mfsctfbp tftf` `clfbtbe0 tukube mbe sbsbrbe utbgbB
6. Iptfgbsf`be afbyb mfsctfbp tftf` `clf
`clfbtbe0
btbe0

(GB@C)
 Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`
:?
 

 
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_
_AK _  ‚
_CQCEJBEBBE (2/=)
Mi`ugce
Mi`ugce pcrcejbeb
pcrcejbebbe
be ZJG
ZJG mbdbg
mbdbg rbel`b _AK_  Blbr pr is cs pcrce
p crce jbe bbe fm cbd, g b`b mf pcr du
du`be
`be ;

gcekb
gcekbmf
mf rc
rcnc
ncrc
rcesf
esf uetu`
uetu` ;
2) Bmbe
Bmbeyb
yb pcrbe
pcrbe mbe
mbe nuels
nuelsff tulbs pcdb`sbeb
pcdb`sbeb ZJG0
ZJG0
2 2) Gce
Gcejbrf
jbrf pitce
pitcesf
sf jbdie
jbdie pceycmfb
pceycmfb00   1) Bm
Bmbey
beyb b `ct
`ctcr
crdf
dfabt >
abtbe  
be tcbg S@_AK/
S@_AK/__
__@@ mb <
mbdbg
dbg
1) Gceyusue kbmwbd rcejbeb pcelbmbbe blbr abrbel/kbs
abrbel/kbsb
b priscs
prisc s pcrc
pcrcejbe
ejbebbe
bbe mbe pceyusue
pceyusuebe
be prilrbg
prilrbg
hbsfd
hbsfd pce
pcelbm
lbmbbe
bbe mbp
mbpbt
bt mfl
mflue
ueb`b
b`be
e scs
scsubf
ubf mcelb
mcelbe
e `crkb mf tfel`bt festftusf0
 kbmwbd iptfgbd
iptfgbd scduruh `clfbtbe mbd
mbdbg
bg rbetbf sup
supdbf0
dbf0
:) ]cbg
]cbg S@_
S@_AK
AK/__
/__@
@ acr
acrsbg
sbgb
b pbrb p
pfhb
fhb`
` tcr`bft
tcr`bft
_CQCEJBEBBE  :) Gcg
Gcgfetb
fetb pceb
pcebwbr
wbrbe
be `c
`cpbm
pbmb
b mb
mbntbr
ntbr pcey
pceycmf
cmfb
b tctbp
tctbp btbu
btbu acrpcrbe scrtb scjbrb b`tfn
acrpcrbe b`tfn mbdbg
mbdbg pceyusue
pceyusuebe
be
gcdb`u`be priscs tcemcr0 pcrbg
pcrbgbdb
bdbe
e `cautu
`cautuhbe
hbe,, `crbe
`crbel`b
l`b bjube
bjube `crkb
`crkb
(@B@) priyc`, mbe tfemb`be tbellbp mbrurbt0
=) Gce
Gcelurbe
lurbelf
lf rcsf
rcsf`i
`i `c`
`c`cdfr
cdfrube
ube gc
gcgbhb
gbhbgf
gf pcrgfe
pcrgfetbbe
tbbe
mbrf pbrb pcellueb0 =) Gc
Gcey
eyus
usue
ue bl
blce
cemb
mb `crkb
`crkb mbmbe
e tbtbhb
hbpb
pbe
e kb
kbmw
mwbd
bd
pcdb`sbebbe
pcdb`sbebbe scjbrb mctbfd mbe tcrpcrfejf0
t crpcrfejf0
3) Gc
Gcel
elur
urbe
belf
lf rcsf
rcsf`i
`i `c
`c`c
`cdf
dfru
rube
be mb
mbdb
dbg
g hbd
hbd cv
cvbd
bdub
ubsf
sf
pcrgfetbbe ybel tcrabtbs wb`tueyb0 3) Mf
Mfac
acrf
rf`b
`be
e tb
tbrl
rlct
ct mbe abtbs
abtbs wb`tu
wb`tu mbr
mbrff sc
sctf
tfbp
bp
>) Gc
Gcgbs
gbstf`
tf`be
be `cwbkf
`cwbkfabe
abe pcey
pceycmf
cmfb
b uet
uetu`
u` gcga
gcgacrf
crf`be
`be tbhbpbe kbmwbd pcdb`sbebbe0
dbybebe pbsj
dbybebe pbsjbb pcek
pcekubdb
ubdbe
e mbe kbgf
kbgfebe
ebe `igp
`igpcesb
cesbsf
sf >) Zcjb
Zcjbrb
rb ac
acr`bd
r`bdb
b mf
mfdb`u
db`u`be
`be bebdfsfs
bebdfsfs bpb`bh
bpb`bh tcrkb
tcrkbmf
mf
pcellbetfbe kf`b bmb ybel tfmb` scsubf pcsbebe0 `ctfmb`scsub
`ctfmb`scsubfbe
fbe (mcvfbsf
(mcvfbsf)) betbrb
betbrb pcrcejbe
pcrcejbebbe
bbe
mb
mbe
e rcbd
rcbdfs
fsbs
bsf,
f, scscrt
rtb
b pri risc
scss mfmfeb
ebgf
gfs
s mb mbrf
rf
<) Gc
Gcgf
gfdf
df`f
`f pi
pisf
sfsf
sf tb
tbwb
wbrr mbdb
mbdbg
g ec
ecli
lisf
sfbs
bsff pc
pcel
elbm
bmbb
bbe
e
pcrgfetbbe mbe rcbdfsbsf `cautuhbe ybel tcrkbmf
abrbel/kbsb gcekbmf `ubt kf`b mfdb`u`be mbdbg wb`tu
ybel tcrabtbs. (GB@C)
 (GB@C) Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`
:2

 
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_
_AK _  ‚
_CQCEJBEBBE(1/=)
_celbmb
_celbmbbe
be @clfbtb
@clfbtbe
e
Ipcrbsfieb
Ipcrbsfiebdd Acr`c
Acr`cdbekutb
dbekutbe
e

1
@ietrb` @crkbsbgb
mcelbe pceycmfb
_cgbsi` gcgfdf`f nijus
pbmb usbhb ybel mfkbdbef
>
@crkbsbgb
mbdbg `urue
  <
tctbp wb`tu
tcrtcetu

_CQCEJBEBBE 
 ZISQJFEL
MBE 2 1 : = 3 > <
_CELBMBBE 

_cgbsi` _cgbsi`
_crbgbdbe gcgfdf`f
_cgbsi` sumbh sfbp
`cautuhbe/ pcelbdbgbe
mfscdc`sf tcrdcafh gcekbmf
Nircjbstfel mfafmbel usbhb
mbhudu gftrb
ybel mfkbdbef

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 :1

 
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_
_AK _  ‚
_CQCEJBEBBE (:/=)
_celb
elbmb
mbb
be Se
Setu`
tu` @c
@clfb
lfbtb
tbe
e
_riyc`
Mfrcejbeb`be mbe

1
mf`crkb`be mbdbg
Gcell
Gcellueb`b
ueb`be
`clfbtbe
`clfbtb
e pripi
pripisbd
e mbe Hbrlb
Hbrlb
sbd
>  
Gcdbduf
<
`urue wb`tu _cr`frbbe scemfrf
tcrtcetu tcemcr

_CQCEJBEBBE 
 ZISQJFEL
MBE 2 1 : = 3 >
_CELBMBBE 

_cgbsi`
Gcgfdf`f dfscesf ]crmbpbt pcracmbbe gcgfdf`f
mbe scrtfnf`bsf sflfefnf`be betbrb 2 pcelbdbgbe
mbrf bsisfbsf priyc` mcelbe ybel mfafmbel usbhb
tcr`bft dbfe ybel mfkbdbef

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 ::

 
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_
_AK _  ‚
_CQCEJBEBBE (=/=)
_celb
elbmb
mbb
be Se
Setu`
tu` @c
@clfb
lfbtb
tbe
e
Abeyb` priscmur ]bellb
]bellbp
p Mb
Mbrurbt
rurbt

1
mf`cjubdf`be mbe
autuh
@ctcrscmfbbe tcrabt
@ctcrscmfbbe tcrabtbs,
schfellb mfdb`u`be
bs,
>_cebelbebe
  hbd <
_cebelbebe
utbgb, afbyb
pcebelbebe pceueku`be dbelsuel btbu
swb`cdidb gceycsubf`be
sclcrb

_CQCEJBEBBE 
 ZISQJFEL
MBE 2 1 : = 3 >
_CELBMBBE 

Bellbrbe
Bellb rbe Afbyb
Gcdfputf pcrabf`be
Hbrlb tfmb` wbkbr, tfmb` mbpbt
fenrbstru`tur,
`brceb
`brceb pbsi`be sudf
sudftt mfrcejbeb`be
prbsbrbeb, dbybebe
mfpcridch scjbrb
mbe cvb`ubsf
gceycduruh

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 :=

_CECQB_BE
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
MBDBG
BG _AK_-
_AK _- _QIMS@ZF
: ]belluel
]belluel Kbwba Gb
Gbeblc
eblcgcet
gcet _rimu`sf
_rimu`sf

_QIMS@ZF 
Gcgfdfh gcsf, _celcdidbbe
(GB@C) priscs bdfrbe (nfsf` _celcembdfbe
nbsfdftbs
nbsfdftbs mbe pcrscmfbbe
mbe fenirgbsf)
pcrbdbtbe

?2 ?1 ?: ?= ?3 ?> ?<

Gcelbtur ZMG Gcrcejbeb`be mbe

Gcrcejbeb`be Gcelhbsfd`be Acrtbelluelkbwba
gcelcembdf`be iutput btbs fevcetbrfs
gctimc/priscmur

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 :3

 
 
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_-
_AK _- _CELFQFGBE
MBE MFZ]QFASZF

=
_QIMS@ZF 
(GB@C) Gbebkcgce mfstrfausf bmbdbh subtu priscs
_CELFQFGBE 
MBE pceybgpbfbe
pceybgpbfbe abrbel btbu kbsb mbrf
MFZ]QFASZF
primusce `c `iesugce mbe pbrb pcgb`bf,
scwb`tu mbe mfgbeb abrbel btbu kbsb
tcrscaut mfpcrdu`be.

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 :>

 
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_-
_AK _- GBEBKCGCE
_CQLSMBELBE
\brchiusc btbu pcrlumbelbe acrnuelsf gceyfgpbe abhbe ab`u, abrbel
\brchiusc btbu
=  kbmf, pcrbdbtbe, mbe pcrscmfbbe
pcrscmfbbe dbfeeyb mbdbg kugdbh mbe rcetbel wb`tu
wb`tu
_QIMS@ZF  tcrtcetu ybel `cgumfbe b`be mfmfstrfausf`be `c di`bsf ybel mftuku
3
(GB@C) acrmbsbr`be pcrgfetbbe
_CELFQFGBE 
MBE
MFZ]QFASZF
GBEBKCGCE
_CQLSMBELBE 

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 :<

 
 
_CECQB_BE ZJG MBD
_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_-
_AK _- ZCQBH
]CQFGB ABQBEL/KBZB

=
>

 ZCQBH
]CQFGB
ABQBEL /
 KBZB Zcrbh ]crfgb Kbsb
Zcrbh ]crfgb Abrbel Zcrbh ]crfgb Kbsb Zcrbh ]crfgb Abrbel
(Feaiem)- (Feaiem)- Mfdb`u`be (Iutaiem) (Iutaiem)
Mfdb`
fdb`u`be
u`be scsubf
scsubf scsub
sc subff mcelb
mcelbe
e wb`tu
wb`tu
mcelb
mcelbe e wb`tu
wb`tu ybel
ybel ybel mfscpb`btf
mfscpb`btf

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 :8

  _CECQB_BE ZJG MBD

_CECQB_BE MBDBG
BG _AK_-
_AK _-
_CQ]S@BQBE/_C
_CQ]S@B QBE/_CQLBE]F
QLBE]FBE
BE A BQB
BQBEL
EL

<   _cellbetfbe primu` (Qcpdbjcgcet) mfdb`u`be bpbafdb

sbbt priscs scrbhtcrfgb abrbel mf`ctcgu`be `iemfsf,
betbrb dbfe spcsfnf`bsf tfmb` scsubf _celcgabdfbe
_CQ]S@BQBE  (Qcture) primu` ybel sumbh mfacdf mbe mfsfgpbe idch
 / _CQLBE]FBE  pcgacdf `cpbmb pfhb` pceycmfb, mcelbe `iemfsf
ABQBEL mf`ctbhuf bmbeyb jbjbt primu` mbe `crusb`be sbbt
mbdbg priscs pceyfgpbebe, mbe dbfe scablbfeyb

Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`

 :6

  @CEMBD B _CECQB_BE
@CEMBDB _CECQB_BE ZJG MF
_CGCQE]BHBE

@csudftbe _crcejbebb
_crcejbebbee&
@iirmfebsf _celbellbrbe acrabsfs @cembdb
Dfetbs Festftusf _riyc` @clfbtbe @igpctcesf

?2 ?1 ?: ?= ?3 ?> ?<

Hfrbr`f _crsctukube ]crscmfbeyb @cembdb

Afri`rbsf Bellbrbe mf ]fel`bt ]iids Fetclrftbs
M_Q/M_QM
 Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`
=?

  @ SEJF ZS@ZCZ
ZS@ZCZ _CECQB_BE
_CECQB_B E ZJG MF
_CGCQFE]BHBE

2   Hfrbr`f
Hfrbr`f Afri
Afri`rbsf
`rbsf ybel ]crscmfbeyb
Cnc`tfn
Cnc`t fn mbe Cnfsfce ]iids 3

  @ii
@iirmfeb
rmfebsf
sf Dfet
Dfetbs
bs Festf
Festftusf
tusf mfmu`
mfmu`uel
uel C- Cmu`bsf
Cmu`bsf mbe

1 Livcregcet _celcgabelbe
@igpctcesf
>
B`uetbafdftbs _crsctukube
Jbrb mbe Aumbyb
: Bellbrbe
Bellb rbe mf ]fel`bt
M_Q/M_QM @crkb <

_crcejbebbe mbe _celbellbrbe

= acrabsfs @clfbtbe Acr`cdbekutbe.
_riyc`
_riyc` mbe ]bellbp
]bellbp Mbrur
Mbrurbt
bt
Zfstcg
Zfstcg Feni
Fenirgbsf
rgbsf 8
 Gimud _celbetbr Gbebkcgce Qbetbf _bsi`
=2

]crfgb @b
@bsfh.
sfh.
https;//ppsmg.d`pp.li.fm

_usmf`dbt.pakOd`pp.li.fm

?822-6281-===

pusmf`dbtpakYd`pp