‫أﻧواع اﻷوﺳﺎط اﻟﻐذاﺋﯾﺔ ‪ Media‬وﺧﺻﺎﺋﺻﮭﺎ‬

‫‪(Chocolate Agar (CA‬‬

‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﻏﻨﯿﺔ ‪ Enriched Media‬ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬
‫• ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ‪ X‬و ‪ V‬اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺠﺮ ﻛﺮﯾﺎت اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء‬
‫‪ RBCs‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﻤﻮ ‪Heamophilus spp‬‬
‫و ‪ Neisseriae‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ھﺬه اﻷﻧﻮاع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ﺻﻌﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ‪Fastidious‬‬
 (Blood Agar Blood (BA

‫ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ‬Enriched Media ‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﻏﻨﯿﺔ‬

‫ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺪم‬Differential ‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬Beta hemolytic ‫ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﺪم‬
‫ أو‬Sterpt. Agalactiae ‫ و‬Sterpt. Pyogenes
: ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬Alpha hemolytic ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ اﻟﺠﺰﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺪم ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ أو ﻋﺪم‬Sterpt .Viridans ‫ و‬Sterpt. Pneumonia
Sterpt. Faecalis :‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬Non hemolytic ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﻞ ﻟﻠﺪم‬
Sterpt. Bovis ‫و‬
‫‪(MC) MacConkey Agar‬‬

‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﻤﺮة ﻟﻼﻛﺘﻮز ‪Lactose‬‬

‫‪ fermenting‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ E.coli‬و‬
‫‪ Klebsiella‬و‪ ، Enterobacter‬وﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺨﻤﺮة ﻟﻼﻛﺘﻮز ‪ Non-lactose fermenting‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﯿﺲ‬
‫ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻮن )ﺷﻔﺎف( ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ Proteus‬و ‪ Salmonella‬و‬
‫‪. Shigella‬‬
‫• ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Crystal violet‬أو ‪ Bile Salts‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺟﺮام ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻤﻮ وﺗﺜﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺟﺮام‪.‬‬
‫‪stine Lactose electrolyte deficient‬‬
‫‪((CLED‬‬
‫• وﺳﻂ ﻟﺰراﻋﺔ ﻋﯿﻨﺎت اﻟﺠﮭﺎز اﻟﺒﻮﻟﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﻤﺮة ﻟﻼﻛﺘﻮز ‪Lactose‬‬
‫‪ fermenting‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ ، E.coli‬وﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﺨﻤﺮة ﻟﻼﻛﺘﻮز ‪Non-lactose‬‬
‫‪ fermenting‬واﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻟﻮن )ﺷﻔﺎف(‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ Acnitobacter‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ وﺟﻮد اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ‪Bromo-‬‬
‫‪thymol blue‬‬
‫• ﻟﮭﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ وظﯿﻔﺔ اﻟـ ‪MacConkey Agar‬‬
‫‪(Xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD‬‬

‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﻟـ ‪ Salmonella‬و ‪Shigella‬‬

‫ﺣﯿﺚ أن اﻟـ ‪ Salmonella‬ﺗﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻮردي ﻟﻮﺟﻮد‬
‫‪ Phenol Red‬ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻟﻮن أﺳﻮد ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻮاد‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻏﺎز ‪ H2S‬واﻟـ ‪ Shigella‬ﺗﺄﺧﺬ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮاﺗﮭﺎ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﻮردي ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Salmonella Agar (S.S Agar) Shigella‬‬
‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺟﺮام وﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺟﺮام ﻣﺎﻋﺪا ‪Salmonella‬‬
‫‪ & Shigella‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ وﺟﻮد ‪Na-citrate & bile salts‬‬
‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﻟـ ‪ Salmonella‬و ‪ Shigella‬ﺣﯿﺚ أن اﻟـ‬
‫‪ Salmonella‬ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻟﻮن اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ )ﺷﻔﺎف( ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﻟﻮن أﺳﻮد‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻞ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﯾﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﮭﺎ ﻏﺎز‬
‫‪ H2S‬واﻟـ ‪Shigella‬ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮاﺗﮭﺎ ﻟﻮن اﻟﻮﺳﻂ )ﺷﻔﺎف( ‪.‬‬
‫‪(Mannitol salt Agar (MSA‬‬
‫•ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻦ ‪ Staphylococcus species‬و‬
‫‪ Staphylococcus aureus‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺨﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿﺘﻮل ﺑﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮھﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻟﻮن اﻟﻜﺎﺷﻒ ‪ Phenol Red‬وﺗﻌﻄﻲ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ اﻟـ‬
‫‪ .Staph‬اﻷﺧﺮى ﻻ ﺗﺨﻤﺮ اﻟﻤﺎﻧﯿﺘﻮل ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﺔ ﻷن ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺰ اﻷﻣﻼح اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻲ ))‪Nacl 7.5%‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻓﯿﮫ ﯾﺜﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﻤﯿﻜﺮوﺑﺎت اﻷﺧﺮى ‪.‬‬
‫‪Thiosulphate citrate bile salt Agar‬‬
‫‪((TCBS‬‬

‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﻌﺰل اﻟﻜﻮﻟﯿﺮا ‪Vibrio Cholerae‬‬

‫• ﺗﺜﺒﻂ ﻧﻤﻮ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻟـ ‪ Enterbacteria‬واﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ ﺟﺮام ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﺣﺘﻮاﺋﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺜﺒﻄﺔ وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻠﻮﯾﺔ ‪PH‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪Mueller Hinton Agar‬‬

‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺿﻌﯿﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫• ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ أﯾﺔ ﻧﺴﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﻀﺎدات اﻟﺤﯿﻮﯾﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Bile Esculine‬‬
‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﯾﻘﯿﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ ‪ Streptococcus‬و‬
‫اﻟـ ‪ (Enterococcus (Strept. Faecalis‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺮز‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮھﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ إﻧﺰﯾﻤﺎ ً ﯾﻔﻜﻚ ﻣﺎدة اﻷﺳﻜﻮﻟﯿﻦ ﻓﯿﺘﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺐ أﺳﻜﻮﻟﺘﯿﻦ واﻟﺬي ﯾﺘﺤﺪ ﻣﻊ أﯾﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ ﺳﺘﺮات اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ وﯾﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﺮﻛﺐ اﺳﻮد ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ وﺟﻮد‬
‫‪Enterococcus‬‬
‫• أﯾﻀﺎ ً وﺟﻮد )‪ %4‬أﻣﻼح اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء( ﯾﺜﺒﻂ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ دون‬
‫أن ﯾﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻤﻮ ‪. Enterococcus‬‬
‫‪(Sabouroud Dextrose Agar (SDA‬‬

‫• ﺑﯿﺌﺔ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرﯾﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻔﻄﺮﯾﺎت و اﻟﺨﻤﺎﺋﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫• اﻟـ ‪ PH‬ﺣﺎﻣﻀﻲ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﺒﻜﺘﯿﺮﯾﺎ ‪.‬‬