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Method of Differentiation
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
KEY CONCEPTS (METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION)
1. DEFINITION :
If x and x + h belong to the domain of a function f defined by y = f(x), then
Limit f (x h) f (x) if it exists , is called the DERIVATIVE of f at x & is denoted by
h 0 h
dy f (x h) f (x)
f (x) or . We have therefore , f (x) = Limit
h 0
dx h
2. The derivative of a given function f at a point x = a of its domain is defined as :
Limit f (a h) f (a ) , provided the limit exists & is denoted by f (a) .
h 0 h
f (x ) f (a )
Note that alternatively, we can define f (a) = Limit
x a , provided the limit exists.
xa
3. DERIVATIVE OF f(x) FROM THE FIRST PRINCIPLE /ab INITIO METHOD:
d u v dudx u dvdx
(iv) where v 0 known as “ QUOTIENT RULE ”
dx v v2
dy dy du
(v) If y = f(u) & u = g(x) then . “ CHAIN RULE ”
dx du dx
5. DERIVATIVE OF STANDARDS FUNCTIONS :
(i) D (xn) = n.xn1 ; x R, n R, x > 0 (ii) D (ex) = ex
1 1
(iii) D (ax) = ax. ln a a > 0 (iv) D (ln x) = (v) D (logax) = logae
x x
(vi) D (sinx) = cosx (vii) D (cosx) = sinx (viii) D = tanx = sec²x
(ix) D (secx) = secx . tanx (x) D (cosecx) = cosecx . cotx
d
(xi) D (cotx) = cosec²x (xii) D (constant) = 0 where D =
dx
6. INVERSE FUNCTIONS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES :
(a) Theorem : If the inverse functions f & g are defined by y = f(x) & x = g(y) & if
1 dy
f (x) exists & f (x) 0 then g (y) = . This result can also be written as, if exists &
f (x) dx
dy dx dy dy dx dy dx dx
0 , then 1 / or . 1 or 1 / [ 0]
dx dy dx dx dy dx dy dy
(b) Results :
1 1
(i) D (sin 1 x) , 1 x 1 (ii) D (cos 1 x) , 1 x 1
1 x2 1 x2
1 1
(iii) D (tan 1 x) 2
, x R (iv) D (sec 1 x ) , x 1
1 x x x2 1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
1 1
(v) D (cos ec 1x ) , x 1 (vi) D (cot 1 x) , x R
x 2
x 1 1 x2
d
where D =
dx
dy du
Note : In general if y = f(u) then = f (u) . .
dx dx
7. LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION : To find the derivative of :
(i) a function which is the product or quotient of a number of functions OR
g(x)
(ii) a function of the form [f(x)] where f & g are both derivable, it will be found convinient to take
the logarithm of the function first & then differentiate. This is called LOGARITHMIC
DIFFERENTIATION .
8. IMPLICIT DIFFERENTIATION : (x , y) = 0
(i) In order to find dy/dx, in the case of implicit functions, we differentiate each term
w.r.t. x regarding y as a functions of x & then collect terms in dy/dx together on one side to
finally find dy/dx.
(ii) In answers of dy/dx in the case of implicit functions, both x & y are present .
9. PARAMETRIC DIFFERENTIATION :
If y = f() & x = g() where is a parameter , then dy d y / d .
dx dx / d
10. DERIVATIVE OF A FUNCTION W.R.T. ANOTHER FUNCTION :
dy dy / dx f ' ( x)
Let y = f(x) ; z = g(x) then d z d z / d x g'(x) .
f ' (x) g' (x) h' (x) f (x) g(x) h(x) f (x) g(x) h(x)
F (x) = l(x) m(x) n(x) + l '(x) m' (x) n'(x) + l (x) m(x) n(x)
u(x) v(x) w(x) u(x) v (x ) w(x) u' (x) v' (x) w'(x)
13. L’ HOSPITAL’S RULE :
If f(x) & g(x) are functions of x such that :
(i) Limit f(x) = 0 = Limit g(x) OR Limit f(x) = = Limit g(x) and
x a x a x a x a
(ii) Both f(x) & g(x) are continuous at x = a &
(iii) Both f(x) & g(x) are differentiable at x = a &
(iv) Both f (x) & g (x) are continuous at x = a , Then
Limit f (x) = Limit f '(x) = Limit f "(x ) & so on till indeterminant form vanishes.
x a g(x) x a x ag' (x) g"(x)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
14. ANALYSIS AND GRAPHS OF SOME USEFUL FUNCTIONS :
2 tan 1 x x 1
2x 1
(i) y = f(x) = sin1 2
= 2 tan x x 1
1 x
2 tan 1 x
x 1
HIGHLIGHTS :
(a) Domain is x R &
range is 2 , 2
(b) f is continuous for
all x but not diff.
at x = 1 , - 1
22 for x 1
dy 1 x
(c) = non existent for x 1
dx 2 for x 1
1 x 2
(d) I in (- 1 , 1) & D in (- , - 1) (1 , )
1 x2 2 tan 1 x if x 0
(ii) Consider y = f (x) = cos-1 =
1 x2 2 tan x
1
if x 0
HIGHLIGHTS :
(a) Domain is x R &
range is [0, )
(b) Continuous for all x
but not diff. at x = 0
2
for x 0
1 x2
dy
(c) = non existent for x 0
dx 2
2 for x 0
1 x
(d) I in (0 , ) & D in (- , 0)
2 tan 1 x x 1
2x 1
(iii) y = f (x) = tan-1 2 = 2 tan x x 1
1 x
2 tan 1 x
x1
HIGHLIGHTS :
(a) Domain is R - {1 , -1} &
range is ,
2 2
(b) f is neither continuous
nor diff. at x = 1 , - 1
2
dy 2 x 1
(c) = 1 x
dx non existent x 1
(d) I x in its domain (e) It is bound for all x
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
3 sin 1 x if 1 x 12
(IV) y = f (x) = sin1 (3 x 4 x3) = 3 sin 1 x if 12 x 1
2
3 sin 1 x if 1
x1
2
HIGHLIGHTS :
(a) Domain is x [ 1 , 1] &
range is 2 , 2
1
(b) Not derivable at x
2
dy
3
2
if x 12 , 1
2
(c) = 1 x3
dx if x 1 , 1
2
1
2
, 1
1 x2
HIGHLIGHTS :
(a) Domain is x [- 1 , 1] &
range is [0 , ]
1 1
(c) I in , &
2 2
1 1
D in 2 , 1 1 , 2
dy
3
2
if x 12 , 1
2
(d) = 1 x3
dx if x 1 , 1
2
1
2
, 1
1 x2
GENERAL NOTE :
Concavity in each case is decided by the sign of 2nd derivative as :
d2y d2y
d x2
> 0 Concave upwards ; d x2
< 0 Concave downwards
D = DECREASING ; I = INCREASING
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
SOLVED ILLUSTRATIONS
1 Differentiate (log x) log x, x > 1 w.r.t. x
Sol. Let f(x) = (log x) log x
Taking log on both sides
log f(x) = (log x) log (log x)
Differentiating both sides
1 1 1 1
f ' x log (log x) + (log x) log x
f x x log x dx
1 1
f '(x) = (log x) log x log log x
x x
3
2. Differentiate (sin x – cos x)(sin x – cos x) , x w.r.t. x.
4 4
Sol. Let f(x) = (sin x – cos x)(sin x – cos x)
Taking log on both sides
log f(x) = (sin x – cos x) log (sin x – cos x)
Differentiating both sides
1
× f ' (x) = (cos x + sin x) log (sin x – cos x) + (sin x – cos x)
f x
1 d
(sin x – cos x)
sin x cos x dx
f ' (x) = (sin x – cos)(sin x – cos x) (cos x + sin x)(log (sin x – cos x) +1)
dy
3. Find , if yx + xy + xx = ab.
dx
Sol. Given that yx + xy + xx = ab.
Putting u = yx, v = xy and w = xx, we get u + v + w = ab
du dv dw
Therefore 0 ..... (1)
dx dx dx
Now, u = yx. Taking logarithm on both sides, we have log u = x log y
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have
1 du d d 1 dy
. x log y log y x x . log y.1
u dx dx dx y dx
du x dy x dy
So u log y y x log y ..... (2)
dx y dx y dx
y
Also v = x
Taking logarithm on both sides we have log v = y log x
Differentiating both sides w.r.t.x we have
1 dv d dy 1 dy
. y log x log x y. log x.
v dx dx dx x dx
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
dv y dy y dy
So v log x x y log x .....(3)
dx x dx x dx
Again w = xx
Taking logarithm on both sides we have log w = x log x
1 dw d d 1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we have . x (log x) + log x . x x. log x.1
w dx dx dx x
dw
i.e., = w ( 1 + log x) = xx ( 1 + log x) .....(4)
dx
From (1),(2), (3), (4) we have
x dy y dy
yx log y x y log x x x 1 log x 0
y dx x dx
dy
or (x. yx–1 + xy.log x) = –xx (1 + log x) – y. xy–1 – yx log y
dx
x y1 x
dy y log y y.x x 1 log x
Therefore
dx x.y x 1 x y log x
x 3 x 2 4
4. Differentiate w.r.t . x
3x 2 4x 5
x 3 x 2 4
Sol. Let y =
3x 2 4x 5
Taking logarithm on both sides, we have
1
log y = [log (x – 3) + log (x2 + 4) – log (3x2 + 4x + 5)]
2
Now. differentiating both sides w.r.t. x we get
1 dy 1 1 2x 6x 4
. 2 2
y dx 2 x 3 x 4 3x 4x 5
dy y 1 2x 6x 4 1 x 3 x 2 4
1 2x 6x 4
or 2 2 = 2 2 2
dx 2 x 3 x 4 3x 4x 5 2 3x 4x 5 x 3 x 4 3x 4x 5
dy
5. Find , if y = 12 (1 – cos t), x = 10 (t – sin t), t
dx 2 2
dy
dy dt dy dx
Sol. ; = 12 sin t, = 10(1– cos t)
dx dx dt dt
dt
t t
2sin cos
dy 12sin t 6 2 2 6 cot t
dx 10 1 cos t 5 2sin 2
t 5 2
2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
dy 1
6. If x 1 y y 1 x 0 , for –1 < x < 1, prove that .
dx 1 x 2
Sol. x 1 y y 1 x 0 x 1 y y 1 x
x and y must be opposite in sign now squaring both sides
x2 (1 + y) = y2 (1 + x) y2 (1 + x ) – x2y – x2 = 0
x 2 x 4 4x 2 4x 3 x 2 x 2 2x
y y =
2 1 x 2 1 x
x 1
y or y = x y = –1 + or y = x (not possible).
1 x 1 x
1 dy 1
y = – 1 +
1 x dx 1 x 2
3/ 2
dy 2
1
dx
7. If (x – a)2 + (y – b)2 = c2, for some c > 0, prove that is a constant independent of a
d2y
dx 2
and b.
Sol. Let x = a + c cos and y = b + c sin
dy
dy d dy c cos
cot
dx dx dx csin
d
d2y d d d d 2 y cos ec 2 1
2
cot cot 2 cos ec3
dx dx d dx dx csin c
3/ 2
dy 2
1
dx cos ec3
= c
d2y 1 3
cos ec
dx 2 c
2
dy cos a y
8. If cos y = x cos (a + y), with cos a 1, prove that
dx sin a
cos y
Sol. cosy = xcos (a + y) x
cos a y
dy dy
cos a y sin y cos ysin a y
Differentiating both sides dx dx 1
2
cos a y
2
dy dy cos a y
(cos y sin (a + y) – sin y cos (a + y)) = cos2 (x + y)
dx dx sin a
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
d2y
9. If x = a (cos t + t sin t) and y = a (sin t – t cos t), find .
dx 2
dy
dy dt dy a cos t cos t t sin t dy
Sol. = tan t
dx dx dx a sin t sin t t cos t dx
dt
d2y d d dt
2
tan t tan t
dx dx dt dx
d 2 y sec 2 t sec3 t
dx 2 at cos t at
dy 23 2
3
2
3
10. Find , x y a .
dx
Sol. Let x = a cos3 , y = a sin3
2 2
3 3
Then x y = (a cos3 )2/3 + (a sin3 )2/3 = a2/3 [(cos2 ) + (sin2 )] = a2/3
2 2 2
3 3 3
Hence, x = a cos , y = a sin is parametric equation of x y a
3 3
dx dy
Now = –3a cos2 sin and = 3a sin2 cos
d d
dy
dy d 3a sin 2 cos y
Therefore 2 = – tan= 3
dx dx 3a cos sin x
d
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
–1 d 2 y xdy 2
12. If y = ea cos x, –1 x 1, show that (1 – x2) a y 0.
dx 2 dx
–1x
Sol. y = ea cos
dy 1
ea cos x
a
dx 1 x2
dy 1
1 x 2 ae a cos x
dx
Differentiating both sides
1
1 x
d2y 2
2x dy a 2e a cos x
dx 2 2 1 x 2 dx 1 x2
d2y dy
1 x 2 2
x a 2y 0
dx dx
d 3 d2y
15. If y = P(x) is a polynomial of degree 3,then dx y dx 2 =
2 2
(A) P''' (x) + P'(x) (B) P''(x).P'''(x) (C) P(x)P'''(x) (D) a constant
Sol. It is given that y3 = P (x). In this problem, for comfor sake,we denote dy/dx by y1 and d2y/dx2 by y2.
Differentiating the given equation y2 = P(x) w.r.t. x, we have
2yy1 = P' (x)
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t x we get
2y12 2yy 2 P'' x
Multiplying both sides of eq. with y2, we get
2y 2 y12 2y3 y 2 y 2P '' x = P (x) P''(x)
Therefore
2y3y2 = P (x) P'' (x) – 2y2y12
1
= P (x) P'' (x) – (P'(x))2
2
So
d 3 1
2 (y y2) = P' (x) P'' (x) + P (x) P''' (x) – × 2P' (x) × P'' (x)
dx 2
= P (x) P''' (x)
–1
d2y 2
16. If y = sin (m sin x), then (1 – x ) 2
dx
dy dy dy
(A) xy – m2y2 (B) x m2 y (C) x m2y (D) x my 2
dx dx dx
Sol. We have y = sin (m sin–1x). Differentiating w.r.t.x we get
dy m
= cos (m sin–1x) × –
dx 1 x2
d2y
2 1 dy
1 x 2
2x
dx 2 1 x 2 dx
m
= m [–sin (m sin–1x) ×
1 x2
m 2 y
=
1 x2
Therefore
d2 y dy
(1 – x2) 2
x = –m2y
dx dx
d2y dy
(1 – x2) x –m2y
dx dx
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
17. The domain of the derivative of the function
tan 1 x if | x | 1
is
f x 1
| x | 1 if | x | 1
2
(A) R – {0} (B) R – {1} (C) R – {–1} (D) R – {–1, 1}
Sol. We have
1
2 x 1 if x 1
f x tan 1 x if 1 x 1
1
x 1 if x 1
2
Clearly f is discontinuous at x = –1, 1 and hence at–1, 1 the function f is not differentiable.Also
1
2 x 1 if x 1
1
f ' x 2
if 1 x 1
1 x
1
if x 1
2
Clearly f is discontinous at x = –1, 1 and hence 1, 1 the function f is not differentiable. Also
1
2 x 1 if x 1
1
f ' x 2
if 1 x 1
1 x
1
if x 1
2
Therefore domain of f ' (x) is R – {–1, 1}
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
CONCEPT BUILDING - 1
dy
Q.4 If x 1 y y 1 x 0 , then is equal to
dx
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1 x) 2 (1 x) 2 (1 x 2 ) (1 x 2 )
dy
Q.5 If y = sec(tan–1x), then at x = 1 is equal to
dx
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
2 2
dy
Q.6 If 2x + 2y = 2x+y, then is equal to
dx
2y 1 2 x (1 2 y )
(A) x (B) (C) 1 – 2y (D) y x
2 1 2x 2 (2 1)
dy
Q.7 Find if :
dx
1 2 t
(i) x a cos t n tan and y = a sin t
2 2
1 t 1 1
Q.8 The differential coefficient of sin w.r.t. cos is
1 t2 1 t2
(A) 1 t > 0 (B) –1 t < 0 (C) 1 t R (D) –1 t R
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
CONCEPT BUILDING - 2
d2y
Q.1 If x = at2 and y = 2at, then 2 is equal to
dx
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
t2 2at 2 t3 2at 3
dy 1
Q.2
1
2
If y sin x 1 x x 1 x and
dx 2 x(1 x)
p , then p is equal to
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) sin 1 x (D)
1 x 1 x2
Q.3 If y is a function of x and n(x + y) – 2xy = 0, then the value of y'(0) is equal to
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) 2 (D) 0
Q.4 Let S denote the set of all polynomials P(x) of degree less than or equal to 2 such that P(1) = 1,
P(0) = 0 and P'(x) > 0 x [0, 1], then
(A) S = (B) S = {(1 – a)x2 + ax ; 0 < a < 2}
2
(C) S = {(1 – a)x + ax ; 0 < a < 1} (D) S = {(1 – a)x2 + ax ; 0 < a < }
2 2
x x
Q.6 If f "(x) = –f(x) and g(x) = f '(x) and F(x) f g and given that F(5), 5, then F(10) is
2 2
equal to :
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 0 (D) 15
Q.7 Let f(x) = x sin x, x > 0. Then for all natural numbers n, f '(x) vanishes at
1
(A) an unique point in the interval n, n
2
1
(B) an unique point in the interval n , n 1
2
(C) an unique point in the interval (n, n + 1)
(D) two points in the interval (n, n + 1)
1 2x 1 x2 1
(i) tan 1 2
w.r.t 1 4x (ii) tan 1 w.r.t tan 1 x
1 2x x
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
CONCEPT BUILDING - 3
x10
Q.1 Let g(x) is the inverse function of f(x) and f '(x) . If g(2) = a, then g'(2) is equal to
1 x2
a 1 a2 1 a10 a10
(A) 10 (B) 10 (C) (D)
2 a a2 1 a2
Q.2 Differentiate the following functions w.r.t. x :
1 1 cos x 1 4x 2 3x
(i) y tan tan , 0 x (ii) y tan 2
tan 1 ,0 x 1
1 cos x 1 5x 3 2x
2
1 1 x 1 1 x
(iii) y sin 2
,0 x 1 (iv) y sin , 1 x 1
1 x 2
2 d2 y dy
Q.3 If y = (sin–1 x)2 + (cos–1 x)2, then (1 x ) 2
x is equal to
dx dx
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 1 (D) 0
d2x
Q.4 If y = x + ex, then 2 is equal to
dy
ex ex 1
(A) ex (B) (C) (D)
(1 e x )3 (1 e x )2 (1 e x )2
d
Q.5 If f n (x) ef n1 (x) for all n N and f0(x) = x, then {f n (x)} is equal to
dx
d
(A) f n (x). {f n 1 (x)} (B) f n (x).f n 1 (x)
dx
(C) fn(x) . fn–1(x) ....... f2(x) . f1(x) (D) None of these
Q.6 If f is a twice differentiable function such that f "(x) = – f(x) and f '(x) = g(x). If h(x) is a twice differentiable
function such that h'(c) = (f(x))2 + (g(x))2. If h(0) = 2, h(1) = 4, then the equation y = h(x) represents
(A) a curve of degree 2 (B) a curve passing through the origin
(C) a straight line with slope 2 (D) a straight line with y intercept 2
d2y dy n
Q.7 If function y = 2e–3x cos(4x + 5) satisfies the equation 2
m ny 0 , then find the value of .
dx dx m
x x x sin x 1 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x
Q.8 If cos .cos 2 .cos 3 ... , then find the value of 2 sec 4 sec 2 6 sec 3 ... .
2 2 2 x 2 2 2 2 2 2
ax 2 bx c
Q.9 If y 1, then prove that
(x a)(x b)(x c) (x b)(x c) x c
y' 1 a b c
y x ax bx cx
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
EXERCISE–I
Q.1 Let f , g and h are differentiable functions. If f (0) = 1 ; g (0) = 2 ; h (0) = 3 and the derivatives of their
pair wise products at x = 0 are
(f g)'(0) = 6 ; (g h)'(0) = 4 and (h f)'(0) = 5
then compute the value of (fgh)'(0).
dy
Q.2(a) If y = (cos x)lnx + (lnx)x find .
dx
ex xe ex dy
(b) If y = e x e x x e . Find .
dx
1 1 1
Q.3 Let f (x) = x + ......... . Compute the value of f (100) · f ' (100).
2x 2 x 2 x
x2 1
Q.4 If y = x x 2 1 ln x x 2 1 prove that 2y = xy' + ln y'. where ' denotes the derivative.
2 2
2
Q.5 If x = cosec sin ; y = cosecn sinn , then show that ( x 2 4) d y n 2 ( y 2 4) 0 .
dx
dy 16 t (1 t 4 )
Q.6 If y = sec 4 x and x = tan–1(t), prove that = .
dt (1 6 t 2 t 4 ) 2
2
1 lnt 3 2lnt dy dy
Q.7 If x = and y = . Show that y 2x 1 .
t2 t dx dx
1 x2 1 x2
Q.8 Differentiate w. r. t. 1 x 4 .
1 x2 1 x2
1 dy 1
Q.11 If y = x + , prove that .
1 dx 2 x
x
x
1 1
x...............
x
1
x
x....................
x1 x2 . x x3 . x 2
Q.12 If y=1+ x x + ( x x )(x x ) + +..... upto (n + 1) terms then prove that
1 1 2 ( x x1 )(x x 2 )(x x 3 )
dy y x1 x2 x3 xn
= ...
dx x x1 x x 2 x x 3 x xn x
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
u 1 1 1 dy
Q.14 If y = tan 1 & x = sec 1 , u 0, ,1 prove that 2 + 1 = 0.
1 u2 2u 12
2 2 dx
1 sin x 1 sin x dy
Q.15 I f y = cot 1 , find if x 0, , .
1 sin x 1 sin x dx 2 2
x 1 x dy
Q.16 If y = tan–1 2 + sin 2 tan 1 , then find
for x (–1, 1).
1 1 x 1 x dx
Q.17 Let f (x) = x2 4x 3, x > 2 and let g be the inverse of f. Find the value of g where f (x) = 2.
11 1 1 1
Q.18 If y = tan tan 1 2
2
tan 1 2 tan 1 2 +...... to n terms.
x x 1 x 3x 3 x 5x 7 x 7 x 13
Find dy/dx , expressing your answer in 2 terms.
x yx dy
Q.19 If y = ln x e a y find .
dx
2
y
1 tan
y 2 dy 1
Q.20 If x = tan ln . Show that = sin y(1 + sin y + cos y).
2 y dx 2
tan
2
y
arc sin
2 2 x 2 y2 d2 y 2( x 2 y 2 )
Q.21 If x y e . Prove that , x > 0.
dx 2 ( x y) 3
Q.22 If x = 2cost cos2t & y = 2sint sin2t , find the value of (d2y/dx2) when t = (/2).
d2y 3
Q.23 Find the value of the expression y on the ellipse 3x2 + 4y2 = 12.
dx 2
Q.24 If f : R R is a function such that f (x) = x3 + x2 f (1) + xf (2) + f (3) for all x R , then prove that
f (2) = f (1) f (0).
g( x ), x0
Q.25 Let g(x) be a polynomial, of degree one & f(x) be defined by f(x) = 1/ x .
1 x , x 0
Find the continuous function f(x) satisfying f (1) = f(1) 2x
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
EXERCISE–II
dy sin a
Q.1 If sin y = x sin (a + y) , show that = .
dx 1 2 x cos a x 2
Q.2 Find a polynomial function f (x) such that f (2x) = f ' (x) f " (x).
cos 3x dy 6
Q.3 If y = arc cos then show that = , sinx > 0.
cos3 x dx cos2x cos4x
d2 y
Q.4 Let y = x sin kx. Find the possible value of k for which the differential equation 2 + y = 2k cos kx
holds true for all x R. dx
Q.5 Prove that if | a1 sin x + a2sin 2x + .......+ ansin nx | | sin x | for x R, then
| a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 + ...... + nan | 1
Q.6 The function f : R R satisfies f (x2) · f ''(x) = f '(x) · f '(x2) for all real x. Given that f (1) = 1 and
f '''(1) = 8, compute the value of f '(1) + f ''(1).
x d2 y dy
Q.7(a) Show that the substitution z = ln tan changes the equation 2 cot x 4 y cos ec 2 x 0 to
2 dx dx
(d2y/dz2) + 4 y = 0.
(b) If the dependent variable y is changed to 'z' by the substitution y = tan z then the differential equation
2 2
d2 y 2(1 y) dy d 2z 2 dz
2
1 2 is changed to 2 = cos z k , then find the value of k.
dx 1 y dx dx dx
Also show that, if x=a sin2(1+cos2) & y=acos2 (1– cos2) then the value of R equals to 4a cos3.
sin x
Q.9 Let f (x) = if x 0 and f (0) = 1. Define the function f ' (x) for all x and find f '' (0) if it exist.
x
Q.10 Suppose f and g are two functions such that f, g : R R,
3 1
x (1 x ) sin x 2 if 0 x 1
Q.12 f : [0, 1] R is defined as f (x) = , then prove that
0 if x 0
(a) f is differentiable in [0, 1] (b) f is bounded in [0, 1] (c) f ' is bounded in [0, 1]
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
x y f (x) f (y)
Q.13 Let f(x) be a derivable function at x = 0 & f = (k R , k 0, 2). Show that
k k
f (x) is either a zero or an odd linear function.
f ( x y) f ( x ) f ( y) a
Q.14 Let = + xy for all real x and y. If f (x) is differentiable and f (0) exists
2 2
for all real permissible values of 'a' and is equal to 5a 1 a 2 . Prove that f (x) is positive for all real x.
Q.15 Column-I Column-II
3 1
ln (1 x ) ·sin x , if x 0 continuous everywhere but not
(A) f (x) = (P)
0, if x 0 differentiable at x 0
2 1
ln (1 x ) ·sin x , if x 0 differentiable at x 0 but
(B) g (x) = (Q)
0, if x 0 derivative is discontinuous at x 0
sin x
ln 1 2 , if x 0 differentiable and has
(C) u (x) = (R)
0, if x 0 continuous derivative
2x 2
(D) v (x) = Lim tan 1 2 (S) continuous and differentiable
t 0 t at x 0
X Y Z s t1
X1 Y1 Z1 = X3 1
s2 t2
X2 Y2 Z2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
EXERCISE–III
Evalute the following limits using L’Hospital’s Rule or otherwise :
1 1 x2 x ln x 2 1 x
Q.1 Lim Q.2 Lim
1
x 0
x sin x x2 x 0 x 3
Lim x x
x
Q.3 Lim 1 1 Q.4
1
x 0 2
x sin 2 x x 0
f (x) =
x 2 2 cos x 2
for x < 0; f (0) =
1
& f (x) =
sin x ln e x cos x
for x > 0. Test the
x4 12 6x 2
continuity and differentiability of f (x) at x = 0.
Q.13 Let a1 > a2 > a3 ............ an > 1; p1 > p2 > p3......... > pn > 0 ; such that p1 + p2 + p3 + ...... + pn = 1
Also F (x) = p1a1x p 2 a 2x ....... p n a xn
1x
. Compute
(a) Lim F(x ) (b) Lim F(x ) (c) Lim F(x )
x 0 x x
n
1 cos 3x ·cos 9 x ·cos 27 x.........cos 3 x
Q.14 If Lim = 310, find the value of n.
x 0 1 1 1 1
1 cos x ·cos x ·cos x.........cos n x
3 9 27 3
Q.15 Column-I contains function defined on R and Column-II contains their properties. Match them.
Column-I Column-II
n
1 tan
Lim 2n
(A) n equal (P) e
1 sin
3n
1
(B) Lim 1
equals (Q) e2
x 0
(1 cosec x ) ln (sin x )
1x
2
(C) Lim cos 1 x equals (R) e–2/
x 0
(S) e/6
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
EXERCISE–IV
n d2y dy
Q.1
If y x 1 x 2 2
, then (1 x )
dx 2
x
dx
is [AIEEE 2002]
Q.3 Let f(x) be a polynomial function of second degree. If f(1) = f(–1) and a, b, c are in A.P, then
f `(a), f `(b), f `(c) are in [AIEEE 2003]
(A) Arithmetic – Geometric progression (B) A.P.
(C) G.P. (D) H.P.
y
e y......
dy
Q.4 If x e y e , x 0 then dx is [AIEEE 2004]
1 x 1 1 x x
(A) (B) (C) (D)
x x x 1 x
dy
Q.5 If xm . yn = (x + y)m+n, then is [AIEEE 2006]
dx
y xy x
(A) (B) (C) xy (D)
x xy y
Q.6 Let y be an implicit function of x defined by x2x – 2xx cot y – 1 = 0. Then y'(1) equals
(A) 1 (B) log 2 (C) – log 2 (D) – 1 [AIEEE 2009]
Q.7 Let f : (–1, 1) R be a differentiable function with f(0) = – 1 and f `(0) = 1. Let g(x) = [f(2fx) + 2]2.
Then g'(0) = [AIEEE 2010]
(A) –4 (B) 0 (C) –2 (D) 4
d2x
Q.8 equals : [AIEEE 2011]
dy 2
1
d 2 y dy 3 d 2 y dy 2
(A) 2 (B) 2
dx dx dx dx
1
d 2 y dy 3 d2 y
(C) 2 (D) 2
dx dx dx
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
dy
Q.9 If y = sec(tan–1x), then at x = 1 is equal to : [JEE Main 2013]
dx
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) 2
2 2
1
Q.10 If g is the inverse of a function f and f '(x) = , then g'(x) is equal to [IIT Main 2014]
1 x5
1
(A) 1 + {g(x)}5 (B) 1 + x5 (C) 5x4 (D) 1 {g(x)}5
1 6x x
Q.11 If for x 0, , the derivative of tan 1 is
3 x . g(x), then g(x) equals [JEE Mains 2017]
4 1 9x
9 3x x 3x 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1 9x 3 1 9x 3 1 9x 3 1 9x 3
d2y
Q.12 If x = 3 tan t and y = 3 sec t, the the value of 2 at t , is :
dx 4
[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-2)]
1 3 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 2 2 3 2 6 2
Q.13 Let f : R R be a function such that f(x) = x3 + x2f '(1) + xf "(2) + f "'(3), x R. Then f(2) equals :
[JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) 30 (B) 8 (C) –2 (D) –4
dy
Q.14 If x loge(logex) – x2 + y2 = 4(y > 0 ), then at x = e is equal to :
dx
[JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-1)]
e 1 2e 1 2e 2e 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 e2 4 e2 2 4 e2 2 4 e2
dy
Q.15 For x > 1, If (2x)2y = 4e2x – 2y, then (1 + loge2x)2 is equal to :
dx
[JEE Main 2019 (12-01-2019-Shift-1)]
x log e 2x log e 2 x log e 2x log e 2
(A) (B) (C) loge2x (D) x loge2x
x x
2
3 cos x sin x dy
Q.16 If 2y cot 1 x 0, then is equal to :
2 dx
cos x 3 sin x
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-1)]
(A) 2x, (B) x (C) x (D) x
3 6 6 3
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
Q.17 If f(1) = 1, f '(1) = 3, then the derivative of f(f(f(x))) + (f(x))2 at x = 1 is:
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 33 (B) 9 (C) 15 (D) 12
sin x cos x , x
Q.18 The derivative of tan 1 , with respect to , where x 0, is:
sin x cos x 2 2
[JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-2)]
1 2
(A) (B) 1 (C) 2 (D)
2 3
tan cot 1 3 dy 5
Q.19 If y() 2 2 2 , , , then at is:
1 tan sin 4 d 6
4 1
(A) (B) 4 (C) 4 (D)
3 4
Q.20 Let y = y(x) be a function of x satisfying y 1 x 2 k x 1 y 2 where k is a constant and
1 1 dy 1
y . Then at x , is equal to:
2 4 dx 2
5 2 5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 5 2 4
2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 6 6 3
Q.22 Let f and g be differentiable function on R such that fog is the identity function.
If for some a, b R g'(a) = 5 and g(a) = b, then f '(b) is equal to :
1 2
(B) 5 (B) (C) (D) 1
5 5
3 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 4 8 4
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
6
3 4 dy
Q.24 If y k cos 1 cos kx sin kx , then at x = 0 is ____
k 1 5 5 dx
Q.25 If y2 + loge(cos2 x) = y, x , , then
2 2
(A) |y ' (0)| + |y " (0)| = 1 (B) y " (0) = 0
(C) |y ' (0)| + |y " (0)| = 3 (D) |y " (0)| = 2
Q.26
If a 2 b cos x a 2 b cos y a 2 b 2 , where a > b > 0,
dx
then at , is:
dy 4 4
ab a 2b a b 2a b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a b a 2b ab 2a b
1 x 2 1 2x 1 x 2 1
Q.27 The derivative of tan 1 with respect to tan 1 at x is:
x 1 2x 2 2
2 3 2 3
(A) (B)
3 5
3 3
(C) (D)
12 10
Q.28 The position of a moving car at time t is given by f(t) = at2 + bt + c, t > 0, where a, b and c are real
numbers greater than 1. Then the average speed of the car over the time interval [t1, t2] is attained at the
point : [JEE Main 2020 (06-09-2020-Shift-1)]
(A) (t1 + t2)/ 2 (B) 2a(t1 + t2) + b (C) (t2– t1)/2 (D) a(t2– t1) + b
xf (a) af (x)
Q.29 Let f(x) be a differentiable function at x = a with f '(a) = 2 and f(a) = 4. Then lim equals:
x a x a
[JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 2a + 4 (B) 4 – 2a (C) 2a – 4 (D) a + 4
Q.30 Let f : S S where S = (0, ) be a twice differentiable function such that f(x + 1) = xf(x). If g : S R
be defined as g(x) = logef(x), then the value of |g '' (5) – g '' (1)| is equal to :
[JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-2)]
205 197 187
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
144 144 144
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
1 1 22x b
Q.31 If f (x) sin cos 2x
and its first derivative with respect to x is log e 2
1 2 a
when x = 1, where a and b are integers, then the minimum value of
|a2 – b2| is _______ .
Q.32 Let f : R R satisfy the equation f(x + y) = f(x).f(y) for all x, y R and f(x) 0 for any x R. If the
1
function f is differentiable at x = 0 and f '(0) = 3, then lim (f (h) 1) is equal to ______.
h 0 h
1
1
d2 y dy
Q.34 If y 4 y 4 2x , and x 2 1 2
x y 0 , then is equal to ______.
dx dx
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-1)]
1 sin x 1 sin x dy 5
Q.35 If y x cot 1 , x , , then at x is:
1 sin x 1 sin x 2 dx 6
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-2)]
1 1
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) (D)
2 2
EXERCISE–V
2
x x
Q.1 If f (x) = , then find the domain and the range of f . Show that f is one-one. Also find the function
x 2 2x
d f 1 (x )
dx
and its domain. [ REE '99, 6 ]
Q.2(a) If x2 + y2 = 1, then :
(A) y y 2 (y)2 + 1 = 0 (B) y y+ (y)2 + 1 = 0
(C) y y (y)2 1 = 0 (D) y y+ 2 (y)2 + 1 = 0
[ JEE 2000, Screening, 1 out of 35 ]
(b) Suppose p (x) = a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + ...... + an xn . If p (x) ex 1 1 for all x 0 prove that
a1 + 2 a2 + ...... + n an 1 . [ JEE 2000 (Mains) 5 out of 100 ]
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
1 x c 1
b sin 2 , x0
2
1
(b) f (x) = at x 0 .
2ax / 2
e 1 1
, 0x
x 2
If f (x) is differentiable at x = 0 and | c | < 1/2 then find the value of 'a' and prove that 64b2 = 4 – c2.
[JEE 2004, 4 out of 60]
Q.4(a) If y = y(x) and it follows the relation x cos y + y cos x = , then y"(0)
(A) 1 (B) – 1 (C) (D) –
(b) If P(x) is a polynomial of degree less than or equal to 2 and S is the set of all such polynomials so that
P(1) = 1, P(0) = 0 and P'(x) > 0 x [0, 1], then
(A) S = (B) S = {(1 – a)x2 + ax, 0 < a < 2
(C) (1 – a)x2 + ax, a (0, ) (D) S = {(1 – a)x2 + ax, 0 < a < 1
(d) If f (x – y) = f (x) · g (y) – f (y) · g (x) and g (x – y) = g (x) · g (y) + f (x) · f (y) for all x, y R. If right
hand derivative at x = 0 exists for f (x). Find derivative of g (x) at x = 0. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4]
Q.5
For x > 0, Lim sin x 1 / x 1 x sin x is
x 0
(A) 0 (B) –1 (C) 1 (D) 2 [JEE 2006, 3]
d2x
Q.6 equals [JEE Adv. 2007]
dy 2
1 1
d2y d2y dy
3 d 2 y dy 2 d 2 y dy 3
(A) 2 (B) – 2 (C) 2 dx (D) – 2 dx
dx dx dx dx dx
Q.7 Let g (x) = ln f (x) where f (x) is a twice differentiable positive function on (0, ) such that
f (x + 1) = x f (x). Then for N = 1, 2, 3 [JEE Adv. 2008]
1 1
g' ' N g ' ' =
2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
(A) 41 9 25 ..... 2 (B) 41 9 25 ..... 2
(2 N 1) (2 N 1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
(C) 41 ..... (D) 41 .....
9 25 (2 N 1) 2 9 25 (2 N 1) 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
Q.8 Let f and g be real valued functions defined on interval (–1, 1) such that g''(x) is continuous, g(0) 0,
g'(0) = 0, g''(0) 0, and f (x) = g (x) sin x.
STATEMENT-1 : Lim [g(x) cot x – g(0) cosec x] = f ''(0)
x 0
and
STATEMENT-2 : f '(0) = g(0)
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True ; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True [JEE Adv. 2008]
Q.9 If the function f(x) = x3 + ex/2 and g(x) = f–1(x), then the value of g'(1) is [JEE Adv. 2009]
sin d
Q.10 Let f() = sin tan 1 , where . Then the value of (f()) is
cos 2 4 4 d(tan )
Q. 12 Let f, g : [–1, 2] R be continuous functions which are twice differentiable on the interval (–1, 2).
Let us values of f and g at the point –1, 0 and 2 be as given in the following table :
x=– 1 x=0 x=2
f(x) 3 6 0
g(x) 0 1 –1
In each of the intervals (–1, 0) and (0, 2) the function (f – 3g)'' never vanishes. Then the correct statement(s)
is/are [IIT Adv. 2015]
(A) f '(x) – 3g(x) = 0 has exactly three solutions in (–1, 0) (0, 2)
(B) f '(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (–1, 0)
(C) f '(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 has exactly one solution in (0, 2)
(D) f '(x) – 3g'(x) = 0 has exactly two solutions in (–1, 0) and exactly two solutions in (0, 2)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
ANSWER KEY
CONCEPT BUILDING - 1
2 5
Q.1 (i) 1/3
2 7 sec 2 x (ii) 2xlnxex + xex + x2lnxex (iii)(ln(xlnx)+ln(lnx)(1+lnx))(xlnx)ln(lnx)-1
3x x
x2 2
(iv) (v) 2x 4 (vi) 2x – 1
(x sin x cos x) 2 x 2
cos x cos x
Q.2 (i) (nx) sin xn(nx) (ii) xx (1 + nx) – n2.2sin x. cosx
xnx
nnx 1 2
(iii) (nx) . 1 n(nx) 1
x nx
Q.3 (A) Q.4 (B) Q.5 (A)
Q.6 (A,B,C,D) Q.7 (i) tan t (ii) –tan3t Q.8 (A, B)
CONCEPT BUILDING - 2
Q.1 (D) Q.2 (D) Q.3 (A) Q.4 (B)
1 1
Q.5 (A) Q.6 (A) Q.7 (B,C) Q.8 (i) 2 (ii)
2x 1 4x 2
CONCEPT BUILDING - 3
1 x 5 2 1
Q.1 (B) Q.2 (i) sec 2 (ii) (iii) (iv)
2 2 1 25x 2
1 x2 2 1 x2
Q.3 (A) Q.4 (B) Q.5 (A,C) Q.6 (C,D)
25 1
Q.7 Q.8 cos ec2 x
6 x2
EXERCISE–I
1n(cos x) x 1
Q.1 16 Q.2 (a) Dy = (cosx)lnx tan x 1nx 1nx 1n(1nx ) ;
x 1nx
ex x e
x xe ex x 1
dy e
(b) = e x .x e e x1nx e x x e1 x x [1 e1nx ] x e e e e x1nx
dx x x
1 1 x 4 32 8
Q.3 100 Q.8 6
Q.9 2
x 16 1n 2
1 1 2x 16 3 1 1
Q.13 (a) , , (– , ) ; (b) f (x) = ; (c) Q.15 or
2 2 1 4x 2 9 2 2
1 2x 1 1 y x n x x n x . n y 1
Q.16 Q.17 1/6 Q.18 Q.19 .
2 1 x2 1 ( x n ) 2
1 x2 x n x ( 1 x y n a )
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
2 1 3
l n x if x 0
9 3 6 2
Q.22 3 Q.23 – Q.25 f (x) =
4 1/ x
2 1 x
if x 0
2x
EXERCISE–II
4x 3
Q.2 Q.4 k = 1, – 1 or 0 Q.6 6 Q.7 (b) k = 2
9
x cos x sin x
if x 0 1
Q.9 f ' (x) = x2 ; f '' (0) = – Q.10 zero
3
0 if x 0
Q.15 (A) R, S; (B) Q, S; (C) P ; (D) R, S Q.16 3 Q.17 2(1 + 2x) . cos 2(x + x2)
EXERCISE–III
5 1 1 1
Q 1. Q 2. Q 3. Q 4. 1 Q 5. Q.6 2
6 6 3 2
Q.7 f (0) = 1 ; differentiable at x = 0, f(0+) = (1/3) ; f(0) = (1/3) Q.8 6
EXERCISE–IV
Q.1 A Q.2 D Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 A
Q.6 D Q.7 A Q.8 C Q.9 A Q. 10 A
Q.11 A Q.12 D Q.13 C Q.14 D Q.15 B
Q.16 C Q.17 A Q.18 C Q.19 C Q.20 A
Q.21 Bonus Q.22 B Q.23 Bonus Q.24 Bonus Q.25 D
Q.26 A Q.27 D Q.28 A Q.29 B Q.30 A
Q.31 481 Q.32 3 Q.33 40 Q.34 17 Q.35 C
EXERCISE–V
d 1 3
Q.1 Domain of f (x) = R { 2, 0}; Range of f (x)= R { 1/2, 1}; [f ( x )] =
dx (1 x )2
Domain of f 1 (x) = R { 1/2, 1} Q.2 (a) B Q.3 (a) A; (b) a = 1
Q.4 (a) C; (b) B; (c) B, (d) g ' (0) = 0 Q.5 C Q.6 D Q.7 A
Q.8 A Q.9 2 Q. 10 1 Q. 11 8 Q. 12 B, C Q.13 B, C
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Method of Differentiation
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