V-L

CHARACTERISTICS OE P.N
JUNCTION DIODE

APPARATUS

-A P-Njwnctiendiodle

MAliaete
- Volkmete
-Rheostat

-MieouAtes
THEDRY when a Ptyp conystal is boMlat in coatact writa N
bype cmystal, the ulting aangenenk is callad PeN
juscian oi junchin diode
In P bypes holes ae mang catieA electaak ahe minoy

Ia Nb pes, eleclacons au

Asaen positiue teainal a the enal battebuy ik coaaecked

olased oa eeng the battans bexnainale, PN juachio

diode woill loecasne erense biased The clhahackehishic oha
t4pical P: janckian i as sham
OBSERVATIONS

1- Least count of nilliaronneter

2 Zevo ervoY ot rmiliannnneler
3- Least Count of voltnekey
A Zexo eror of volHncter

No Vethveker Cenoding (v) itiarnenker Rending (m

Talale- For
fordare oas
5

5 Least count o ni Cyoarnnnaker -

b ZeYD CroY o rnicroamnncker
7 Least count o voltnetey =

Nolrrtker Ceadina (v) MieYo arentler Readina (L)

Talcle or
revErse oias
 de to the baiah poktnlialL
Betnd WhiscAKAENAE stania

The aao chdieck volkage bo disceck

CnthL Che is called static estaOe
caarnk ak apat
Rstatie
[at p]
The ato a peak ba peak alkenabng voltage to Qeak ta
alkeknking cAHLAk is called duaanae TeALaane
I,I3

certaio volkage iee,cnt incoeasek suddenla

PROCEURE
CA) Foxx onakd bias

milianmmete
3 Ruk the pleg in keg K andna tae slding ceatact o the
heostat siglatg and ilianasneteh and
4. Reas he ales oh valbon
note theLse eadngs
 CALCULATIDNS

2- unchibn rtsisbance AV
 diode

4Read Hak alue ch voltmeker andncOauosenake

RESULTE

PRECAVTIONS
Amoaehore and yotaak selackxdns hase SLtalale tanac