literal /ˈlɪtərəl/ ❶ literal translation ❷ I’m not referring to small people in the

literal sense of word❶ ‫ حقیقی‬،‫ مو به مو ❷ واقعی‬،‫کلمه به کلمه‬

literally there are iterally hundreds of prizes ❶ ‫ مو به مو ❷ به‬،‫کلمه به کلمه‬

‫معنای واقعی کلمه‬

fabricate /ˈfæbrɪkeɪt/ = manufacture ‫[ک اال و‬ ‫ تولی د ک ردن‬، ‫س اختن‬

]‫غیره‬

fabrication ‫ ساخت‬،‫تولید‬

competent /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/ Hospital officials say general surgeons (‫ )جراح‬have to be

competent to do everything - or do nothing ‫ زبردست‬،‫ ماهر‬،‫توانا‬

bombard /bɑːmˈbɑːrd/ we have been bombarded with letters of complaint ❶ ‫به‬

‫ بمباران کردن ❷ سوال پیچ کردن‬،‫توپ بستن‬

reuse V: ‫ استفاده مجدد کردن‬،‫ دوباره استفاده کردن‬N: ‫استفاده مجدد‬

manipulate /məˈnɪpjəleɪt/ ‫ بهره برداری کردن از‬،‫ درست به کار بردن‬،‫خوب به کار بردن‬

identical /aɪˈdent̬əkəl/ the passage on the second floor was identical to the one
below ‫ یکسان‬،‫ عین هم‬،‫مثل هم‬
identical to ،‫مثل‬
ِ
‫ شبی ِه‬،‫عی ِن‬
discard /dɪˈskɑːrd/ To prevent people from discarding garbage on the highway,
the taxi company has begun providing a garbage bag in every car ‫بیرون [لباس و‬
]‫❶ غیره‬
،‫ نقش ه] ❷ان داختن‬،‫[فک ر‬ ‫ کن ار گذاش تن‬،‫چش م پوش ی ک ردن از‬
‫دورانداختن‬

round in round figures, we’ve spent twenty thousands so far ‫گرد‬

precede /prɪˈsiːd/ the years preceding the wars . . . ‫ پیش از‬،‫ جلوتر واقع شدن‬،‫مقدم بودن‬
‫قرار داشتن‬
area‫احت‬ ‫مس‬ vertex‫رأس‬
prism ‫منشور‬

trapezium /trəˈpiːziəm/ = trapezoid /ˈtrapɪzɔɪd/ a flat shape with four sides,

where two of the sides are parallel ‫ذوزنقه‬

pictorial /pɪkˈtɔːrɪəl/ a pictorial record of the expedition(‫ تصویری )سفر‬،‫مصور‬

conform /kənˈfɔːrm/ the building does not conform to to/with safety reguations
‫دادن‬/‫ مطابقت داشتن‬،‫دادن‬/‫وفق داشتن‬
hypotenuse /hʌɪˈpɒtənuːs/ The longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite
the right angle ‫وتر‬
BRE : spanner /ˈspanər/ AME : wrench rhombus /ˈrɒmbəs/‫لوزی‬
correlate /ˈkɒrəleɪt/ a high-fat diet correlate with a greater risk of heart disease
‫ ربط دادن‬،‫ مربوط بودن‬،‫دادن‬/‫ربط داشتن‬
diagnose /ˈdʌɪəɡnəʊz/ the illness was diagnosed as cancer [‫ ]بیماری‬،‫تشخیص دادن‬
‫ پی بردن‬، ‫[مشکل] فهمیدن‬
diagnosis /dʌɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ PL= diagnoses/si:z/
‫تشخیص‬
diagnostic /dʌɪəɡˈnɒstɪk/‫ (مربوط به) تشخیص‬،‫تشخیصی‬
synoptic /sɪˈnɒptɪk/ Anything that deals with 5000 years in one volume has to be
a synoptic work, says John modestly adj: ،‫ خالصه شده‬،‫مختصر‬
‫فشرده‬
synopsis /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/ PL = synopses/si:z/ N: ،‫ مختصر‬،‫خالصه‬
‫چکیده‬
incorporate /ɪnˈkɔːpəreɪt/ the new car design incorporates all the latest safety
features ‫ در بر داشتن‬،‫ در بر گرفتن‬،‫ شدن‬. . . ‫شامل‬
cavity /ˈkavɪti/ ‫ گودال‬،‫ سوراخ‬،‫حفره‬
bump /bʌmp/ be careful not to bump your head on the beam (‫ تیرآهن‬،‫ )تیر‬when
you stand up N: ‫ صدمه‬،‫ خوردن‬،‫زدن‬ ‫ ضربه‬، ‫مشت‬
‫دیدن‬/‫زدن‬
bumper [‫]اتومبیل‬
‫سپر‬
vendor/ˈvɛndər/ALSO VENDER She glanced around quickly, and her eyes caught
a street vender who was selling ice cream ‫ دست فروش‬،‫فروشنده‬
interrogate /ɪnˈtɛrəɡeɪt/ he was interrogated by the police for over 12 hours ‫سوال‬
‫ بازجویی کردن از‬،‫ توضیح خواستن از‬،‫کردن از‬
interrogation ‫ بازجویی‬،‫ پرسش‬،‫سوال‬
embed /ɪmˈbɛd/ an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg
‫ جای دادن‬،‫فروکردن‬

cricket /ˈkrɪkɪt/ ❶ ‫جیرجیرک ❷(ورزش) کریکت‬

acquisition /akwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ Primary education now emphasises skills acquisition
rather than knowledge ‫ حصول‬،‫ اکتساب‬،‫فراگیری‬
discrepancy /dɪsˈkrɛpənsi/ there is a discrepancy between the two explnations
‫ مغایرت‬،‫ تفاوت‬،‫اختالف‬
discrepant ‫ مغایر‬،‫ متفاوت‬،‫مختلف‬
BRE: tap AME : faucet /ˈfɔːsɪt/ ‫شیر آب‬
cyan /ˈsʌɪən/ a greenish-blue color ‫ یشمی‬،‫آبی متمایل به سبز‬
scratch pad a small book of cheap paper for writing notes on ،‫دفترچه چرکنویس‬
‫چرکنویس‬
constrain /kənˈstreɪn/ the evidence was so compelling (‫ قانع کننده‬،‫ )قاطع‬that he felt
constrained to accept it ‫ ملزم کردن‬،‫مجبور کردن‬
constraint /kənˈstreɪnt/ Some of the externally imposed limitations and
constraints on our actions are evident to us ‫ محدودیت‬،‫ اجبار‬،‫الزام‬
scavenge /ˈskavɪndʒ/ ‫ در آشغال کاوش کردن‬،‫ تمیز کردن‬،‫تنظیف کردن‬
sump /sʌmp/ ‫ انبار‬،‫ چاه‬، ‫چاهک‬
redundancy /rɪˈdʌndənsi/ the redundancy of 19-th century heavy plant (‫)دستگاه‬
machinery‫ افزونگی‬،‫ زیادی‬،‫زائد بودن‬
redundant adj:
‫ زائد‬،‫حشو‬
feat /fiːt/ the tunnel is a brilliant feat of engineering N: ،‫ عمل برجسته‬،‫کاربزرگ‬
‫شاهکار‬
fate /feɪt/ Maybe in a strange twist of fate, Mom and Dad would be in bed
sleeping‫ قضاو قدر‬،‫ تقدیر‬،‫سرنوشت‬
fateful Then late in the summer comes the fateful day when you discover your
results ❶ ‫ قطعی ❷سرنوشت ساز‬،‫مقدر‬
warp /wɔːrp/ It is a very stable material, which is unlikely to warp or crack even if
excessive heat is applied ‫خوردن‬/‫ پیچ دادن‬،‫خوردن‬/‫تاب دادن‬
occupant /ˈɒkjʊpənt/ The driver was in her 70s and was the sole occupant of the
car, a spokesman added ‫ین‬ ‫ سرنش‬،‫اکن‬ ‫س‬
]‫ زمین‬،‫[خانه‬
fabric /ˈfabrɪk/ Like most of the others, he wore clothes made from the finest
eastern silks and fabrics ‫ منسوج‬،‫پارچه‬
dent /dent/ For a second I thought the bullet /ˈbʊl.ɪt/ (‫ )گلوله‬had gone right
through, as I felt a pain in the front and back of my head, but I soon realised the
bullet had done little damage other than make a slight dent in my skull /skʌl/ (
‫)جمجمه‬ ‫ فرو‬،‫شدن‬/‫ قر کردن‬-‫ تورفتگی‬،‫فرورفتگی‬
‫رفتن‬/‫بردن‬
substructure ‫ پایه‬،‫ پی‬، ‫زیرساخت‬
flush /flʌʃ/ make sure that the paving stones (‫ )سنگ فرش‬are flush with the lawn
/lɑːn/‫راز‬ ‫ هم ت‬،‫طح‬ ‫هم س‬
‫زمین چمن‬
feather /ˈfeðər/ a feather pillow‫ر‬ ‫پ‬
)‫(بالش‬
in lieu /luː/ of = instead of The Judge added that he was recommending 120
hours in lieu of two months imprisonment‫ در عوض‬،‫به جای‬
proliferate /prəˈlɪfəreɪt/ books and articles have proliferated over the last year
‫کردن‬/‫ زیاد شدن‬،‫ کردن‬/‫تکثیر شدن‬
proliferation‫ افزایش‬،‫ انتشار‬،‫تکثیر‬
remote /rɪˈmoʊt/ several families have moved closer to urban(‫ )شهری‬centres
from the remote villages‫ دور افتاده‬،‫ پرت‬،‫دور‬
stroke /stroʊk/ his punishment was six strokes of the cane /keɪn/(‫ خیزران‬،‫)نی‬
‫ ضربه زدن به‬،‫ضربه‬
minimal /ˈmɪnəməl/ While I scanned the place, Ryan asked me some questions
which I answered with the minimal amount of information ‫ حداقل‬،‫کمترین‬
* minima is plural of minimum
ostrich /ˈɑːstrɪtʃ/ But I think I'll try the grilled(‫شدن‬/‫ )کباب کردن‬ostrich steak with
pepper sauce and salad ‫شترمرغ‬
intent /ɪnˈtent/ = intention ‫ قصد قبلی‬،‫ نیت‬،‫قصد‬
bulkhead /ˈbʌlkhed/ ‫ حائل‬،‫ جدار‬،‫ تیغه‬،‫دیواره‬
sustain /səˈsteɪn/ Do you think that there is enough support to sustain the
exploration‫ حفظ کردن‬،‫ استمرار بخشیدن به‬،‫تداوم بخشیدن به‬
substantial/səbˈstænʃəl/= considerable On Thursday evening last, while a
widower attended his wife's funeral, his home was burgled /ˈbərɡəl/ (‫دستبرد زدن‬
‫ )به‬and a substantial amount of cash taken‫ قابل مالحظه‬،‫ کالن‬،‫بسیار زیاد‬
synthetic /sɪnˈθetɪk/ = man-made ‫ مصنوعی‬،‫ تقلبی‬،‫تصنعی‬
inextricable /ɪnɪkˈstrɪkəbəl/ Each nationality is inextricable from its religious
identity ‫ به هم گره خورده‬،‫ تفکیک ناپذیر‬،‫غیر قابل تفکیک‬
inextricably ‫ به طرزی غیر قابل تفکیک‬،‫به طرز تفکیک ناپذیر‬
inevitable /ɪnˈevətəbəl/ Oil price rises would be inevitable, adding to industry's
energy bill ‫ حتمی‬،‫ ناگزیر‬،‫اجتناب ناپذیر‬
realm /relm/ I know that that will not occur; it is beyond the realms of
possibility❶ ‫ عرصه‬،‫ زمینه‬،‫ خطه ❷ حوزه‬،‫قلمرو‬
funnel /ˈfʌnəl/ This device acts as a funnel, guiding a woman's urine /ˈjʊrɪn/ (
‫ )ادرار‬to the relief tube. V : ‫ متمرکز کردن‬،‫ هدایت کردن‬، ‫با قیف ریختن‬
N : ‫قیف‬
urinate /ˈjʊrɪneɪt/ During later pregnancy, many women find that they need to
urinate even more frequently ‫ادرار کردن‬
thereof /ðerˈɑːv/ Their wool (‫ )پشم‬is soft and warm, coming in white, black,
brown, or a combination thereof (‫ از آن )مربوط به‬،‫ متعلق به آن‬،‫آن‬
imminent /ɪmənənt/ The imminent use of biological weapons and the threat of
millions of deaths is not a laughing matter ‫ در شرف وقوع‬،‫ نزدیک‬،‫قریب الوقوع‬
elapse /iˈlæps/ She says this gets more difficult as time elapses [‫ سپری ]زمان‬،‫گذشتن‬
‫شدن‬
balk (at) /bɑːlk/ Parents concerned about allergies may balk at the idea of
keeping pets around children ‫ بازداشتن‬،‫ شدن‬. . . ‫ مانع‬-‫ سد‬،‫مانع‬