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Konsep Dasar Ilmu Biokimia Dan Biologi Molekuler Untuk Sistem Saraf
Konsep Dasar Ilmu Biokimia Dan Biologi Molekuler Untuk Sistem Saraf
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Properties of Neurons
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Functional divisions of nervous
system
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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
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Nervous System Organization
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Central Nervous System
¡ Consists of
§ Brain
▪ Located in cranial vault of
skull
§ Spinal cord
▪ Located in vertebral canal
¡ Brain and Spinal cord
§ Continuous with each
other at foramen
magnum
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Structural Classification of
Neurons
¡ Neurons may be: Multipolar, Bipolar or Unipolar
¡ Determined by the number of processes attached to the cell
body
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Structural Classification of
Neurons
¡ Most (99%) neurons in the body are
multipolar.
¡ Bipolar neurons are rare and occur in special
sense organs of ear, nose and eye.
¡ Unipolar neurons begin as bipolar but
processes fuse into one. They are primarily
sensory neurons, example: dorsal root
ganglion.
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Sel Jaringan Saraf
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Cells of Nervous System
¡ Neurons
§ Receive stimuli and transmit
action potentials
§ Organization
▪ Cell body or soma
▪ Dendrites: Input
▪ Axons: Output
¡ Neuroglial or glial cells
§ Support and protect neurons
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Neurons
¡ Nerve cell
proper: Cell
body (soma)
Dendrites –
Axons
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¡ Found in CNS and PNS
¡ Perform a supporting function for neurons
¡ CNS PNS
§ Astrocytes Satellite cells
§ Ependymal cells Schwann cells
§ Oligodendrogliocytes
§ Microglia
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Neuroglial Cells
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Neuroglia of CNS
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Astrocytes and Ependymal Cells
ASTROCYTES: EPENDYMAL CELLS:
¡ Star shaped ¡ Epithelial cells that line ventricles
¡ Most numerous and central cavities of brain and
¡ Blood brain barrier spinal cord-secrete CSF
¡ Ciliated to help circulate CSF
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Microglia and Scwann Cells
MICROGLIA: SCHWANN CELLS:
¡ Thorny bushes in appearance and ¡ Form myelin sheath around
the smallest glia peripheral axons
¡ Phagocytic function in CNS ¡ Look like jelly roll
¡ Originate from monocytes ¡ Node of Ranvier separates each
Schwann cell
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Myelin
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Nerve Anatomy
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Electrical Signals
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Nervous System Physiology: Distribution of
Ions between ECF and ICF
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Nervous System Physiology:
Nerve Conduction Occurs because of Changes in
Membrane Potential
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Nervous System Physiology: Types of
Channel Proteins
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Nervous System Physiology: Mechanism that
creates an Action Potential
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Nervous System Physiology: Two Mechanisms
of Action Potential Conduction along a neuron
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Types of Nerve Fibers
¡ “A” fibers: Largest diameter myelinated fibers with the fastest
saltatory conduction (12-130 m/sec) and a brief absolute refractory
period. Axons of motor neurons and axons of sensory neurons that
conduct touch, pressure, and thermal sensations.
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