‫أداة طب األسنان‬

‫أدوات طب األسنان هي أدوات يستخدمها أخصائيو‬

‫طب األسنان لتقديم عالج األسنان‪ .‬وهي تشمل أدوات‬
‫لفحص ومعالجة وعالج وترميم وإزالة األسنان‬
‫]‪ . [1‬والتراكيب الفموية المحيطة‬

‫مرآة الفم ‪ ،‬أداة طب األسنان‬

‫شائعة االستخدام‬
‫أدوات الفحص‬
These tools allow dental professionals to
manipulate tissues for better visual
access during treatment or during dental
examination.

Dental mirror

The dentist or dental auxiliary use dental

mirrors to view a mirror image of the
teeth in locations of the mouth where
visibility is difficult or impossible. They
also are used for reflecting light onto
desired surfaces, and for retraction of
soft tissues to improve access or vision.
 Pig tail dental explorer

Probes

Dental explorer (sickle probe)

Periodontal probe

‫مبيدات‬

Cheek retractor

Cheek retractor
Dental mirror
Lip retractor
 Mouth prop
Tongue retractor

‫تخدير موضعي‬
Dental anesthesia and dental syringe

Anesthesia is classified into three types:

local, regional, and general, each of
which affects the nervous system in
some way and can be provided via a
variety of methods and medications.

Local anaesthesia is a type of

anaesthetic medicine that numbs just a
small, specific area of the body (it can be
administered as a shot, spray, or
ointment). (for example, a foot, hand, or
patch of skin). A person is awake while
being drugged with local anaesthesia.
Local anaesthesia has a short duration
and is frequently utilised for simple
outpatient operations. (when patients
come in for surgery and can go home
that same day). For someone having
outpatient surgery in a clinic or doctor's
office (such as the dentist or
dermatologist), this anesthetic is likely
used. The medicine can numb the area
during the procedure and for a short time
afterwards to help control post-surgery
discomfort.

The function of this instrument involves

successfully piercing the surface of the
periodontal ligament so the patient can
be distributed the anesthesia.[2] Past
devices have proven to be insufficient
because it instilled fear in patients and
made it exhaustingly uncomfortable for
dentists to use because of the bulky
size.[2] With how simple it is to hide it in
the hand due to the smaller size of
modern day anesthetic syringes, dentists
are successfully able to maneuver in a
patient's mouth without causing harm to
the patient being treated, allowing for a
quick insert of the anesthesia followed
by the dentist being able move on swiftly
to the next task of the dental visit.[2]
Another aspect of the syringe is the
capability of use, which means dentists
are able to easily insert fluid in the device
and follow the color coded instructions
that allow for efficient use of the dental
instrument.[3] The device is so intricately
sized that doctors are able to grip it well
enough to get the job done.[3] Some
anesthetic syringes also include a power
handle that gives the doctor less of a
responsibility over the amount of
pressure needed to push in the medicine
because the power handle has settings
that let the dentist set an amount for how
much anesthetic they want to be
produced.[3]
‫القبضات السنية‬

A high-speed dental handpiece

Dental handpieces are classified into

several varieties, including high-speed air
driven (also known as an airotor), slow-
speed, friction grip, and surgical
handpiece.

‫ليزر األسنان‬
A dental laser is a type of laser designed
specifically for use in oral surgery or
dentistry.
The use of a laser can decrease
morbidity after surgery, and reduces the
need for anesthetics. Because of the
cauterization of tissue there will be little
bleeding following soft tissue
procedures, and some risks of alternative
electrosurgery procedures are avoided.

‫وجع عزم الدوران األسنان‬

A dental torque wrench or restorative
torque wrench is a torque wrench used to
precisely apply a specific torque to a
fastener screw for fixation of an
abutment, dentures, or prosthetics on a
dental implant.[4]
‫األزيز‬
The cutting surfaces of dental burs are
made of a multi-fluted tungsten carbide,
a diamond-coated tip, or a stainless steel
multi-fluted rosehead. There are many
types and classifications of burs. Some
of the most common are the round bur
(sizes ¼ to 10) or inverted cone (sizes
33½ to 90L).

Burs are also classified by:

- The type of material the bur is made of

- The shank type and total length of the

bur
- The shape of the head

- The size of the grit

- The maximum diameter of the head

For instance, a latch type, or right angle

bur, is only used in the slow-speed
handpiece with contra-angle attachment.
A long shank or shaft is only used in slow
speed when the contra-angle is not in
use, and finally, a friction grip bur, which
is a small bur, is used only in the high-
speed handpiece.

There are many bur shapes that are

utilized in various specific procedures.
Operative burs

Flat fissure, pear-shaped, football, round,

tapered, flame, chamfer, bevel, end cut,
bud bur, steel, inverted cone, diamond,
brown stone, and green-stone

‫األدوات التصالحية‬

Excavators

Spoon excavator: Used to remove soft

carious decay
Half hollenbach: Used to test for
overhangs or flash
Dental hatchers: Used to widen the
entrance of the tooth cavity and slice
away the thin carious enamel[5]
 Chisels:
Straight - bevels the cavosurface
margin and used in 3, 4, and 5
classifications of cavities on the
maxillary
Wedelstaedt - only used in the
anterior for classes 3, 4, and 5
Bin Angle - this is held in a pen
grasp and used for class 2
maxillary only

‫الملمعات‬
Burnishers are used for polishing and
contouring amalgam fillings and to polish
composite fillings. They include:

Ball burnisher
 Beavertail burnisher
Cone burnisher
Flat plastic
Pear shaped burnisher

‫مقابس‬
Pluggers are also known as amalgam
condensers. They are used to achieve a
well-condensed filling by compressing
the filling material into the cavity and
applying pressure.[6]

Amalgam plugger
49 plugger
‫أدوات اللثة‬

Fine scalers

Fine scalers are used in the removal of

soft deposits. They include:

Drury scalers
Fine excavators
MF 4/5

Heavy scalers

These are seen as the scalers used in the

removal for heavy tartar and stains which
are not removed by the fine scalers. They
include:

American pattern B
 Cushion scaler
Excavator
Hoe scaler
Jacquette 1
Jacquette 2
Jacquette 3
Scaler 152

Curettes

Types include:

Gracey curettes - semicircle tipped, but

one edge lower than the other. It is
used at 70° to the tooth root surface.
Universal curettes - these have a
semicircular tip used at 90° to the
 tooth root surface.

‫أدوات التعويضات السنية‬

Removable prosthodontics

Articulators
Blow torch
Bunsen burner
Calipers
Face bow
Fox plane
Glass mixing slab
Lecrons carver
Mixing bowls
Spatulas for mixing dental plaster
 Spatulas for mixing impression
materials
Wax carver
Wax knife
Wax spatula
Willis gauge

‫االستخراج واألدوات الجراحية‬

Dental forceps

Ancient Greek and Roman dentists

extracted teeth with lead pliers. In 1840,
Sir John Tomes and his friend Evrard
made the first pair of dental forceps.[7] In
1841, Tomes posted an article to tell the
whole world about his discovery of new
forceps that had never been seen before,
successfully becoming the creator of the
forceps and the concept of forceps.[7] In
earlier times, or during the eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries, elevators and
pelicans were used as extraction devices
because the idea of dental forceps did
not exist, but the thought of extracting in
the first place with some form of a tool
was there.[8] With pelicans, their sharp
talons were used to be placed down on
the inside of the mouth near the gums
while the elevator helped pull the tooth
out of its socket. Then, a pair of pincers
would do the rest of the job, wiggling the
tooth out of the gum until the extraction
was complete.[8] The functionality of
today's dental forceps come from the
need to remove items from the mouth
such as the cotton balls dentists place
next to a patient's teeth or the rubber
bands a patient needs for their braces.[9]
However, most dental forceps are not
designed for comfort, nor do they take
the account of the dental practitioners
hand positions throughout the procedure
to mind.[9] Dental forceps have been
designed to the point where dentists
experience medical complications of
their own on the carpal scale considering
their hands are always placed in an
awkward angle while they remove items
from the patient's mouth.[9]
List of dental forceps

Bayonet
Cow horns #23
Greyhound
Lower universals
Root
Upper canine
Upper left molar
Upper right molar
Upper straight long
Upper straight short
Upper universal fine
Upper universals
Upper wisdom tooth
Elevators

Cogswell-A & B elevators

Coupland's elevators
Crane root tip elevators
Crossbar apex luxators
Cryer elevators
Flat elevators
Heidbrink root tip elevators
Miller's apex luxators
Molts elevators
Narrow and wide, straight and curved
luxators
Periosteal elevators
Potts elevators
 Root-tip pick elevator
Warwick James elevators
Winter elevators

Chisels

Osteotome

‫أدوات تقويم األسنان‬

Band pusher
Band setter
Bird beak pliers
Bracket holder
Bracket tweezer
Cinch back
Distal end cutters
Elastics
 Hemostat/Mathieu pliers
Tucker

‫أدوات عالج جذور األسنان‬

Apex locator
Endodontic explorer
Finger pluggers
Finger spreader
Gates glidden burs
Guttapercha retrieval files
Endodontic files and reamers
Broken instrument retrieval files
Controlled memory flexible files
Hedstrom or H-files
K-files
 Manual tapered files
McSpadden files
NiTi flex files
Pathfinder files
Rotary tapered files
Lentulo spiral
Masserans kit
Microscope
Peeso reamer burs
Post and core kit

‫أنظر أيضا‬
Dentist
Dental auxiliary
Dentistry
‫مراجع‬
1. Adaire, Diana. "Classification of Dental
Instruments" (https://faculty.atu.edu/cbru
cker/Engl2053/Samples/DGA03.htm) .
Arkansas Tech University. Retrieved
2017-01-12.
2. US patent 4444560 (https://patents.googl
e.com/patent/US4444560A/en) , "Dental
instrument-PDL syringe", issued 1983-05-
20
3. US patent 4472141 (https://patents.googl
e.com/patent/US4472141A/en) , "All
purpose dental syringe", issued 1981-10-
26
4. Mahmood Kazemi; Ahmad Rohanian;
Abbas Monzavi; Mohammad Sadegh
Nazari (March 2013). "Evaluation of the
 accuracy and related factors of the
mechanical torque-limiting device for
dental implants" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666070) .
Journal of Dentistry. 10 (2): 112–118.
PMC 3666070 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.
gov/pmc/articles/PMC3666070) .
PMID 23724209 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/23724209) .
5. "Types of Dental Excavators" (https://ww
w.drchetan.com/different-types-of-dental-
excavators.html) . drchetan.com.
Retrieved 2017-01-12.
6. "Common Instruments Used in Dental
Examination" (http://www.nhsdentistlurga
n.com/resouces/Ns%20Instruments-final.
pdf) (PDF).
7. Cope, Z. (1957). "Sir John Tomes—A Great
Dental Pioneer" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.ni
h.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2413440) .
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons
of England. 20 (1): 1–12. PMC 2413440
(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articl
es/PMC2413440) . PMID 13395278 (http
s://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13395278) .
8. Atkinson, H. F. (2002). "Some Early Dental
Extraction Instruments Including the
Pelican, Bird or Axe?" (https://doi.org/10.1
111%2Fj.1834-7819.2002.tb00310.x) .
Australian Dental Journal. 47 (2): 90–93.
doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2002.tb00310.x
(https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1834-7819.2
002.tb00310.x) . ISSN 1834-7819 (http
s://www.worldcat.org/issn/1834-7819) .
 PMID 12139279 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nl
m.nih.gov/12139279) .
9. US application 20020106609 (https://pate
nts.google.com/patent/US20020106609A
1/en) , "Dental forceps", issued 2002-02-
05

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