/

College of Medical Technology - Misurata\Libya

Department of Dental Technology

Complete Dentures

.
Fathie A.M Kundie

 Prosthodontics

.
()
.1 .Removable prosthodontics
.2 .Fixed prosthodontics
:
:
- .Complete dentures
- .Partial dentures
:

.Crowns and bridges
Complete Denture
.
:
)1 : .Upper complete denture
)2 : .Lower complete denture
)3 : .Full mouth denture

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .

 Biological Considerations in Complete

Denture Construction

.
Basal Seats of Complete Denture
Bones Soft tissues
Mucous membrane .
Fibrous tissue Blood
vessels .Nerves


Glandular tissues .
: Basal Seats of Upper Denture
Maxilla
Palatine .
- ( ) :Maxilla :
)1 :Alveolar process .
)2 :Palatine process Hard palate

.Midpalatine suture

)3 .Frontal process
)4 .Malar process
Palatine Bone

.Transverse palatine suture
.

 Anatomic Landmarks of Upper Jaw

.1 Incisive Papella
Fibrous connective tissue Incisive
foramen ,

.
Alveolar ridge Central
line of the face . Relief
.
.2 Maxillary Tuberosity

.
.3 Labial Frenum

. Impression
Labial notch

.
.4 Buccal Frenum
.
Buccal notch
.
: Anterior
or labial flange Buccal
.flange

 .5 Rugae

.
.
.6 Hamular Notch


.
.7 Foveae Palatine

.Vibrating line
.8 Vibrating Line
.

2 .

.
.9 Labial Vestibule

.
.11 Buccal Vestibule

.Buccal slope of the alveolar ridge

 .11 Midpalatine Suture

Torus palatinus
Undercut .
.12 Alveolar Ridge


.
.13 Peripheries of the Upper Denture


.
: Basal Seats of Lower Denture
Body of the mandible .Ramus of the mandible
:

.
Anatomic Landmarks of Lower jaw
.1 Mental Foramen
Inferior dental nerve

.
.

 .2 Torus Mandibularis

.

.3 Labial Frenum

.
.4 Buccal Frenum
.
.5 Buccal Vestibule
.
.6 Retromolar Pad

.Compressible
.7 Lingual Frenum

.Lingual notch
.8 Alveolingual Vestibule


.

 .9 External Oblique Ridge

Ramus
.
.11 Buccal Shelf Area
.
.
.11 Alveolar Ridge
.


.
Diagnosis

. Impression
Impression

Primary impression
.Secondary impression
Impression Objectives
.1 Preservation of the Basal Seats

.

 .2 Support

.
.3 Stability
.
.4 Esthetic

.Facial contour
.5 Retention

. :
- Atmospheric Pressure
Ah line

.
- Adhesion
.
- Cohesion
.
- Mechanical Lock

.
Classification of Impressions
:
.1 .
9

 .2 .
:
:
- Anatomical Impression
Rest position
.
- Functional Impression
Functional position
.
:
- Primary impression
Stock tray

. Dental
plaster Study cast
.Special tray
- Secondary impression
Shellac Acrylic
Impression compound
Working cast
.Dental stone


Saliva .

11

 -
.1 Rubber
bowl .
.2

.Vibrator
.3 Handle Vibrator
Spatula .
.4
.
.5
Rubber base former
.
.6
.
.7
45 .
.8 .
: 45-31
.
- Beading and Boxing
:Beading Beading wax
2
Modelling wax .
:Boxing Boxing wax .

5 .6

11

 :
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4
.

45
:

: .
: .


.
( ) Special tray
Study cast
:
-

Shellac Base Plate

.
- Heat, Self and Light -
Curing Acrylic

.

12

 - Impression Compound

Final impression
.
: Shellac Base Plate
.1 2
line

Vibrating

.Lingual vestibule
.2 .
.3 .
.4 Handle
.
.5
Sandpaper
.Secondary impression
: Self-cure Acrylic
Roll Out Method
.1 .
.2 Spacer
.
.3 Stoppers

. 6 4
.
.4 Separating medium
.

13

 .5 Vaseline
.
.6 Powder Liquid
.Dough stage
.7 .

.8
Roller .
.9
.
.11
.
.11 L
.
.12 .
.13
. .
Record Blocks

Record Bases .Occlusion Rims
: Record Bases
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4
.

14

 Shellac baseplate .Self cure

acrylic
.I

Shellac Baseplate

:
)1 .
)2 .
:
.
.II

Self curing Acrylic

:
-

Sprinkle - on Method

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
)5
- Compression Molded Dough Method

Clamp Press .
- Non-compression Dough Method
.Roll Out method

15

 : Occlusion Rims

Modelling wax
.

.1
.
.2 .
.3 .
.4
.
.5

.
.6
.
.7 22 18
8
1/2
8-6 11-8.
Jaw Relations
: Vertical Jaw Relation
Vertical dimension
. :
- Rest Vertical Dimension
.

16

 - Occlusal Vertical Dimension

.
: Horizontal Jaw Relation
:
-

Centric Relation

Condyle
.
- Eccentric Relation
.
Occlusion

.
- Centric Occlusion
.
- Eccentric Occlusion
.
- Balanced Occlusion

.
- Nonbalanced Occlusion
.
Mandibular Movements
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .TMJ
17

 Anatomic Considerations
Temporomandibular joint
Fossa .Temporal bone
Disc
.
:
.i

.ii

: Masticatory and Nonmasticatory

Movements
- Masticatory Movements
Grinding .
- Nonmasticatory Movements

Bruxism .Tapping

.
: Basic Mandibular Movements

Function .Parafunction

Habitual intercuspal position
Protusive Retrusive .Laterally
-

Opening and Closing

Reverse movement
18

 Contraction Masseter muscle

.Internal pterygoid muscles Hinge
movement
Hinge axis .
- Forward Movement Protrusion of the mandible


Articular eminence
Horizontal plane
( )Osslusal plane 31 .41
- Backward Movement

Retrusion of the

Mandible
.Inclination
- )Lateral( Sideways Movement

(
)Working side
( )Balancing side .
Dental Articulator
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
19


.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6

:
.i

.

One dimensional articulator Simple
articulator .Hinge articulator
.ii

. Two dimensional
articulator Semi adjustable
Hanau articulator .Dentatus articulator
.iii

.
.Three dimensional articulator
Simple Articulator
:
)1 .Upper arm
21

 )2 .Lower arm
)3 .
)4 .
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6
.
.
.7
Free plane Articulator
:
)1 .Upper part
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
)5 .Incisal pin
)6 .
)7 .Incisal indicator
)8 .Lower part or Base
)9 .
)11

.Condylar guide

)11

.Incisal table

)12

)13

.Sitting table

21


.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.11 .
.11 .
.12 ( )
.
.13 .
.14 .
.15
.
.16 .
Bite Registration
:
-

.
-

.
22


.1 .
.2 .
.3 Rest
.position
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .Centric relation
.7
4 3 .
.8
.
.9
3 4
.

.1 Occlusion rim
V .
.2
.
.3 Centric occlusion
.
.4 :
-

Middle Line
.Incisive papilla

- Canine line
.

23

 - High Lip line

.
- Low Lip line
.
.5 .
.6 .
Artificial Teeth
Porcelain
.
: Acrylic Teeth
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
)5 .
)6 .
)7 .
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .

24

 : Porcelain Teeth
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
)5 .
)6 .
)7 .
Teeth selection

:
-

-
.
-
.

.

25

 Anterior Teeth Selection

.
: Maxillary Anterior Teeth
.I

Size

.
- Width
:
)1 .
)2
.
)3
16:1 .16
)4 .
)5 ( )
.
- Length
3 2
3 2 1.5
.
.II

Form

:
-

Shape of the Arch

Square Tapered .Ovoid

26

 - Shape of the Face

.
.III

(Shade )Color

:
-

Patient's Age

.
- Patient' Complexion

.
: Mandibular Anterior Teeth

.
Posterior Teeth Selection
:
.

.
.
.
.
.

27

 Posterior Teeth Forms

.
: Anatomic Teeth

31 33 45
plane

( Occlusal

.)Horizontal plane
.
: Non anatomic Teeth
( )
.Zero degree teeth


.
: Semi anatomic Teeth

.21
Arrangement of Teeth



.

28


.1
.
.2 Labial Contour of the Occlusal Wax
Rim

.


.
.3
: Anterior Teeth
.
: Posterior Teeth
-

Upper Posterior Teeth

.
- Lower Posterior Teeth

.
.4


.

29

 :
2 Overbite

Overjet 2.
:
-

- Buccal slopes
.
- Cusps tips Central
grooves.
- .
.5 Occlusal Plane
.
.6 Compensating Curves

.
-

Curve of Spee Anteroposterior

Curve

.Ramus

.
- Curve of Monson Lateral Curve

.
.
31


)1 .
)2

.
)3
.
)4
.
)5

Neutral muscular force
( .)Neutral zone

. Extraction

.
.1
.
.2 .

-1 .
-2 Wax knife
.
-3 .
-4 . Wax knife

31

 : Upper Teeth
.I Anterior Teeth
- Central Incisor
.1 Long axis Vertical
axis .
.2 .
.3 .Occlusal plane
-

Lateral Incisor

.1 .
.2 .
.3
.
.4 1.5 1 .
- Canine
.1 Long axis Vertical
axis .
.2 .
.3 Cusp tip . Occlusal plane
.4 Cervical
.
.II Posterior Teeth
- First Premolar Second Premolar
.1 .
.2 1.5 .
.3 .Occlusal plane

32

 - First Molar
.1 Inclined .
.2 Mesiopalatal cusp .
.3 .
- Second Molar
.1 .
.2 .
: Lower Teeth
.I Anterior Teeth
Central Incisor
.1 .
.2 .
.3 2
. Overbite
- lateral Incisor
.1
.
.2 .
.3 2.
- Canine
.1 .
.2 .
.3
2.

33

 .II Posterior Teeth

.

:
.
.i

.

.
.ii

Overjet

.
:
.
.i

Crossbite
.
.
.ii

.Edge to edge
Gum fitted Anterior Teeth
( )

.
34

 Waxing
.

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .

:
.1 .
.2

.i

- .
-
.
.ii
-

Baseplate wax
.

- .
.3
.45
.4

.5

.6

2.

.7

3 - 2.5.

.8

2.5 .

.9

.11 .
35

 .11 Wax solvent .

:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 3.
.4 2.
.5 3.
.6 3.
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
Try - in


.
Relief

Hard areas .Sensitive areas
: Hard areas
- Maxilla
)1 .Midpalatine suture
)2 .Torus palatinus
- Mandible
)1 .Torus mandibularis
)2 .

36

 : Sensitive areas
- Maxilla
)1 .Incisive papilla
)2 .Bony nodules
- Mandible
)1 .Mental foramen
)2 .
Methods of Relief
.i

Automatic Relief

.
.ii

Direct Relief

:
-

( )Plaster Impression
.

- Tin foils
.
Shape of the Relief
.
Depth of the Relief

.
Value of Relief
.1 .
.2 .

37

 ( Posterior Palatal Seal ( Post-dam

.

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .

2 .

:
Class I

.Butterfly
Class II
.

Class III

.

:
.1 1.5 .
.2 .
38

 .3 1.5 1 1.5
.Hamular Notch
2
:
.1 1 1 .
.2
.


Pharyngeal
.
() Flasking
Sectional
.mold
.

Complete denture flasks

Maxillary denture flask . Mandibular denture flask

)1 :Upper part .
)2 :Lower part
.
)3 :Cover .
)4 :Ejecting disk .

39


)1
.
)2
.

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6
.
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.11
.
.11 .
.12 .
.13 .
.14 .
)Wax Elimination (Dewaxing
Wax eliminator
:
.1 Wax eliminator 5
.
41

 .2 Plaster knife .
.3 .
.4
.
.5 .
.6 Wax solvent .

)1
.
)2
.
Application of Separating Medium
Flask
.

)1 .Tinfoil
)2 .Sodium Alginate
)3 .Vaseline

.

.1 .
.2 .
41

 Mixing the Acrylic Resin

11 31
.

)1 Porcelain jar .
)2 Spatula .
)3 .Dough stage
Packing the Acrylic Resin
.1 .
.2 .First closure
.3 Cellophane paper .
.4 .
.5 Press .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 Press
.
.9 Clamp 31
.
Curing of the Acrylic
.Polymerization unit
( )
81 - 61 111

71 :
. i
.1 Clamp .
42

 .2 3 -1 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
. ii
.1 Clamp 71 .
.2 31.
.3 .
. iii
.1 Clamp 71 9.
.2 .
Deflasking

31.

Plaster knife
.Flask ejector
.

.

)1 Saw .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
43


.1 .
.2 .
Correcting Occlusion
(
1) :
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .



:
.1 .Laboratory Remounting
.2 .Patient Remounting
: Laboratory Remounting
.1 .
.2
.
.3
.
.4
.
.5
.

44

 .6 Vertical dimension

Centric position Fossa .
.7 .
.8 Plaster index
.

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 2 1.
.5 .
: Patient Remounting

Denture insertion :
.1 .
.2 .
.3
.
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8
.

45

 Selective Grinding
.
:
7 - 1 .
:
.1 .
.2 ( )Working side
.
.3 .
:
.
.4

.
.5

.Balancing Side
.6 .
.7 .
:
.1 ( )
( ) :
-

.Edge to edge

-
( ) .

46

 .2
.

.
Finishing and Polishing
Finishing
:
.1 .Stone disc
.2 .
.3 Nodules Bur.
.4 .
.5 .
Polishing
Contour
( )
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .

.1 Burs .
.2 Brush ( Pumice paste ).
.3 Wheel Tripoli .
.

47

 Denture Insertion
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
: Evaluating Tissue Side
)1 .Undercut areas
)2 .
)3
.
: Evaluating Borders
:
)1 Contour .
)2 .
)3 .
: Correcting Occlusion
:
- Errors in Registering Jaw Relation
:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4

.

48

 - Errors in Mounting Casts

:
)1 .
)2 .
- .
:
.
Correcting Occlusal Disharmony
:
Articulating Paper

.I

.
.
.II

Occlusal Wax

.
.

.III

Abrasive Paste
.

.
.IV

Patient

Remounting

:
49

 .1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
Denture Repair
.

.

.

:
.1 :
.
.2 .
.3 .

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
)5 .
)6 .
)7 5 - 4 .
)8 .
51

 )9
.
)11

Pressure pot 31 38

31 ( 15).
)11

Flask Method
8 :
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
Replacing Fractured Teeth
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 31 .

51

 Reline and Rebase

:
)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
:
.

.I

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .Flasking
.4 .Deflasking
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .

.II

Hooper Duplicator

3
:
.1 .
.2 .
.3 :

52

 -
.
- .
- .
-
.
- .
.4
.
.5 .
.6
.
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.11 .
.III

.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.11 .
.11 .
53

 .12 .
.13 .

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .
)4 .
)5
.
)6 :
-

- .
- .
)7 .
)8 .
:

.

)1 .
)2 .
)3 .

.I

Hooper Duplicator

4 - 1 :
54

 .1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .
.7 .
.8 .
.9 .
.II

8 - 1 :
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
.4 .
.5 .
.6 .

)1
.
)2 :
-

-
.
- .

55

 Retention and Stability of Complete Dentures

:Retention .
:Stability .
:Support .
Factors of Complete Denture Retention
.
: Physical Factors
-1 Adhesion
.

Fluidity.
-2 Cohesion
.
.
-3 Interfacial Surface Tension

.
-4 Capillary Attraction

Capillary tube
.

. .

56

 -5 Atmospheric Pressure
.


.



.
: Anatomic Factors
-1 Ridge Form


. :
- U-Shaped U


.
- V-Shaped V

.

.
.U

57

 - Flat-Shaped

.
- Bolbous-Shaped


.
.
-2 Vault Form
U
V
.
-3 Arch Form

.
-4 Arch Relationship
Class II Class
III . .
-5 Interarch Distance

.

58

 -6 Tongue

.
-7 Mucosa

.
-8 Saliva


.
: Mechanical Factors
-1 Shape of the Polished Denture Surface
.
-2 Wide Coverage
.
-3 Placing the Teeth in the Neutral Zone
.
-4 Engagement of Undercuts

.
-5 Denture Borders
.
59