Science, Technology, and Society
experimenting to find the nature of things
SCIENCE IS
 a way in which people can learn and
understand the events in the NATURAL
WORLD
 based on observable events
 study of a NATURAL WORLD
 a method of DISCOVERY ad UNDERSTANDING
by using a PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS called
SCIENTIFIC METHOD.
💡SCIENCE
 from the Latin word “scientia” (knowledge)
 systematic body of knowledge based on
careful observation and experimentation
 the system of knowledge of the natural world
gained through the scientific method
 is a systematic enterprise that builds and
organizes knowledge in the form of testable
explanations and predictions about the
universe
6 STEPS TO THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. MAKE AN OBSERVATION
2. FORM A HYPOTHESIS
3. TEST THE HYPOTHESIS
4. COLLECT, ORGANIZE, AND ANALYZE THE DATA
5. DRAW CONCLUSIONS
6. COMMUNICATE THE RESULTS
Science tries to discover facts and relationships and
then tries to create theories that makes sense of
these facts and relationships
Technology
 Comes from two Greek words tekhne
meaning “art”,“skill” or“craft” and “logos”
meaning “subject” or “interest”
 practical applications of what we know about
nature
 using scientific principles for the betterment
of the human situation
 the human attempt to change the world
RELATIONSHIP OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
 they work together and depend on one
another
 Science: observing, studying, and
 Technology using science to make human
lives more comfortable/easier
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
 SCIENCE explores for the purpose of
KNOWING, while TECHNOLOGY explores for
the purpose of MAKING SOMETHING USEFUL
from that knowledge
 SCIENCE drives TECHNOLOGY possible
through Scientific Breakthroughs
SOCIETY
- Group of people seen as a community within the
confines of the same culture, being socially united and
dependent on each other
- Supports its members to attain their needs that they
alone cannot fulfill
RELATIONSHIP OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND
SOCIETY
Science as a body of knowledge provides the facts,
principles, ideas, etc. to improve an existing
technology or serve as a baseline information for a
new, emerging technology. It also feeds information
to the society which demands more as it utilizes and
benefit from the technology that applies these
scientific concepts. Technology, on the other hand,
depends on science and applies it to be able to raise
the quality of life of the people.
How Science and Technology affect society?
▪ Improved S&T result to industrialization and thus
converting a simple society to a complex one.
▪ People’s life and lifestyle change as a result of
improved S&T.
▪ Urbanization results when S&T improve because
people usually migrate to a place where their basic
needs are met.
▪ People have stronger desire for material goods when
S&T improve in the place.
▪ More discoveries and inventions that benefit the
people due to improved S&T.
HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
In Which Social Considerations Changed The Course
Of Science And Technology
ANCIENT TIMES
TRANSPORTATION AND NAVIGATION
 TRANSPORTATION is significant during that
time because people were trying to go places
and discover new horizons.
 NAVIGATION assisted them in their journeys
to unfamiliar and strange areas in the world.
COMMUNICATION
 COMMUNICATION was also essential in their
endeavors to discover and occupy new places.
 They needed a way to communicate with the
natives of the areas they visited so as to
facilitate trade and prevent possible conflicts.
RECORD-KEEPING
 RECORD-KEEPING was also important since
they needed to remember the places they
had been to and document the trades they
made with each other.
 It was also vital to keep records of their
history and culture so they could establish
their identities as they tried to relate with
other cultures and civilizations.
MASS PRODUCTION
 The increase in size and number of nations
connoted INCREASED DEMAND FOR FOOD
AND OTHER BASIC NECESSITIES.
SAFETY AND PROTECTION
 WEAPONS AND ARMORS were important as
well in the discovery of new places or the
establishment of new alliances with other
tribes.
ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING
 The development in engineering also ushered
in the introduction of ARCHITECTURE. During
ancient times, elaborate architectural designs
were signs of the technological advancement
of a particular civilization.
 In order to integrate their needs- for better
transportation, the establishment of
structures for protection from human attacks
and natural disasters, and the construction of
bigger and stronger infrastructures-people
offered into what is now known as the field of
ENGINEERING.
AESTHETIC
 Humans later on developed people looked
more visually PRESENTABLE AND APPEALING
by adding some features and decorations to
their bodies.
Development of S&T during the PREHISTORIC TIMES
Stone Age: Paleolithic Age (3000-1000 B.C.) to
Neolithic Age (9000– 5000B.C.)
PREHISTORIC TIMES
Stone Tools
- first tools were made of stone, bone and
wood
Discovery of Fire
- How did the discovery of fire help the humans
during this age?
Early Hunting and Gathering Tools
▪ slabs of bark
▪ fishing tackle and arrows tools
Why are these tools developed?
✓SURVIVAL
✓NECESSITY
Early Communication Methods
▪ Cave paintings
▪ fire, smoke, and horns
▪ oral tradition
Domestication and Agriculture
- One of the most important developments in
human cultural behavior occurred when
people began to domesticate (control the
breeding of) plants and animals.
RISE OF CIVILIZATIONS
 ▪ Sumerian BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
▪ Babylonian ▪ derive from bav-il or bav-ilim (Akkadian) meant
'Gate of God' or 'Gate of the Gods'
▪ Egyptian
▪ developed an elaborate irrigation system of canals
Mesopotamia (Cradle of Civilizations)
▪ Great canals, as large as rivers, ran parallel with the
▪ site for some of the world’s earliest Tigris and Euphrates.
settlements
▪Seeder Plow- Assyrian, first millennium B.C.
▪ occupied the area between the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers ▪ Jewelry Making
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION - Jewelry making originated from the
Babylonians. They use metals and precious
▪earliest civilization arose over 7,000 years gems in making jewelry
ago in Sumer (Iraq)
▪ Medicine
▪ the origin of writing
- using logic and recorded medical history, they
▪ city of Uruk - the largest settlement in were able to diagnose and treat illness with
southern Mesopotamia; the first true city in various creams and pills
the world
▪Water pump
Sumerian’s Contributions
- a water pump that transported water from
▪ Cuneiform the Euphrates River up to the Hanging
-first writing system Gardens

-written language, first as pictographs and then EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

evolving into abstract forms called cuneiform ▪ A desert country thriving on an agricultural economy
▪ Uruk City Egyptian’s Contributions
▪ the largest settlement in southern Mesopotamia ▪ Papyrus
▪ the first true city in the world - The Egyptians learned how to make durable
▪ built using mud or clay on the river mixed with sheets of parchment from the papyrus plant.
sunbaked bricks It was used for important documents and
religious texts
▪ The Great Ziggurat of Ur
▪ Wig
▪ Irrigation and Dikes
- wigs were used to protect the shaved heads
▪ created dikes and irrigation canals to bring water to of wealthy Egyptians from harmful rays of the
farmlands and at the same time control the flooding SUN
of the rivers
▪ Watercock
▪ Sailboats
▪ Hieroglyphics
▪ invented the sailboat and brought their goods for
sale along the Persian gulf - drawings that portrayed a story and also used
symbols seen on the walls of pyramids
▪ Wheels
▪ Ink
▪ first were not made for transportation but for farm
work and food process - black ink
- Multi-colored dyes
▪ with the use of wheel and axle, mass production was
made easier. ▪ Cosmetics

▪ Road - Served a practical purpose to protect their

skin from the sun
▪ first roads were developed using sunbaked bricks - dark kohl around their eyes(eyeliner)
▪ Pyramids
- pyramids still stand today as monumental
evidence of the scientific expertise and
technical skills of the ancient Egyptians in
geometry, engineering, architecture, and
labor management