SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

GENERAL CONCEPTS OF SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

Science

- From the latin “scientia” –

knowledge

 Science as an Idea
- Includes ideas, theories, and all
available systematic explanations Technology
and observation.
- “techne” (skill, craftsmanship, art)
 Science as an intellectual activity
- “logos” (discourse, reason, study)
- It encompasses a systematic and
practical study of the natural and
 The human attempt to change the
physical world.
world
 Science as a Body of Knowledge
 The totality of means employed to
- A body of knowledge that deals with
provide objects necessary for human
the process of learning about the
sustenance and comfort
natural and physical world
 Science as a Personal and Social
Activity
- It is a means to improve life and to
survive in life it is interwoven with
people’s lives.
 Science is a process, not a list of
discoveries.

Advantages of Science and Technology

in Society

- Life became easy and comfortable

- Travelling has become easy and fast
in minutes
- Communication became easy, fast
and cheaper
- Standard of living have increased
with the increase in technology
- Help treat more sick people and
consequently save many lives and
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

fights against harmful viruses and

bacteria

Disadvantages of Science and

Technology in Society

- It can be easily manipulated by

irresponsible persons
- We’ll be too dependent on it
- It affects our health and lifestyles
- Terrorist are using modern
technology for their destructive work
- It destroys our natural world

Relationship between Science and

Technology

- Science explores for the purpose of

knowing
- Technology explores for the purpose
of making something useful from
that knowledge
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HISTORICAL ANTECEDENTS
Ancient Times
 Transportation
- To go places and discover new
horizons.
- Search for food and find better
locations for their settlements.
- Trade their surplus goods in
exchange for things they lacked.
 Navigation
- Assisted in journeys to unfamiliar
and strange areas in the world.
 Communication
- Facilitate trade and prevent possible
conflicts.
- Record-Keeping
 They need to remember the
places they had been to and
document the trades they made
with each other.
 Keep records of their history and
culture.
- Voynich Manuscript
 It was discovered It was
discovered by Wilfried Voynich ,
a Polish book seller, who came
across the document at Jesuit
College in Italy, 1912. It was
carbon dated to 1420.
- Rongorongo Script
 Is a system of glyphs a form of
writing or proto-writing
discovered on Easter Island in
the Pacific during the 19th
century.
 Weapons and Armors
- Establishment of new alliances with
other tribes
- For security and protection
 Conservation of Life
- Different illnesses and diseases
occurred
- Science and Technology played a
major role in the discovery of cures
or if not prevention to it.
 Engineering
- Allowed to build structures that
would address their specific needs
and wants.
 Architecture
- Signs of technological advancement
of a particular civilization
Medieval/Middle Ages
 Hour Glass (9th Century AD)
- One of the few reliable methods of
measuring time at sea
- 15th century onwards
 They were the first dependable,
reusable and reasonably
accurate measure of time.
- Widely used in the voyage of
Ferdinand Magellan around the
world.
 Liquor (12th Century AD)
- The first evidence of true distillation
comes from Babylonia
- Specially shaped clay pots were
used to extract small amounts of
distilled alcohol through natural
cooling for use in perfumes.
 Eyeglasses (13th Century)
- 1268-Roger Bacon
- The earliest glasses had convex
lenses to aid farsightedness. A
concave lens for myopia, or
nearsightedness,
- The magnifying lenses were set into
bone, metal or leather frames, and
connected together to form an
inverted “V” shape that could be
balanced on the nose.
 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

 The Mechanical Clock (13th Century
AD)
- These early devices struck only the
hours and did not have hands or a
dial.
- The first mechanical clocks to which
clear references exist were large,
weight-driven machines fitted into
towers and known today as turret
clocks.
- during ancient times, they use
sundial to determine the time
 Spinning Wheel (13th Century AD)
- Replaced the earlier method of hand
spinning.
- Individual fibres were drawn out of a
mass of wool held on a stick, or
distaff, twisted together to form a
continuous strand, and wound on a
second stick, or spindle.
 Quarantine (14th Century AD)
- 14th century, the growth of maritime
trade and the recognition that plague
was introduced by ships returning.
- Originally the period was 30 days,
trentina, but this was later extended
to 40 days, quarantina.
1. It was decreed/dictated that
ships were to be isolated for a
limited period to allow for the
manifestation of the disease and
to dissipate the infection brought
by persons and goods
2. The choice of this period is said
to be based on the period that
Christ and Moses spent in
isolation in the desert. To allow
for the manifestation of the
disease and to dissipate the
infection brought by persons and
goods.
- In its essentials, the wooden press
reigned supreme for more than 300
years, with a hardly varying rate of
250 sheets per hour printed on one
side.
Modern Times
- Production of more goods in a faster
rate
- Efficient means of transportation
- Machines that require agricultural
means to operate must be upgraded
- Faster and easier means of
communication.
 Petroleum Refinery
- Samuel M. Kier invented kerosene
by refining petroleum
- Used in powering automobiles,
factories, and power plants
 Telephone
- The development of telephone was
one of the most important inventions
that time
 Calculator
- Resulted in the development of more
complex processing machines like
the computer

 The Printing Press of Gutenberg

(15th Century AD)
- Although movable type, as well as
paper, first appeared in China, it was
in Europe that printing first became
mechanized.