LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE OF DAET

COLLEGE OF NURSING
Activity Sheet

Name of the Student/Program: Mariah Jamby A. Vivas – BSN I Date: March 3, 2021
Name of Instructor: Joseph Totanes Course: Health
Education

Seatwork # 1
1. What are the seven stages of development?
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT General Characteristics

Infancy – Toddlerhood
Approximate age: Birth – 3y/o
Cognitive stage: Sensorimotor
Psychosocial stage: Trust vs. Mistrust
(Birth – 12mos.); Autonomy vs.
Shame and Doubt (1 – 3 y/o)

 Children at
this stage still tend to be dependent on their
environment making them vulnerable and in need
of security provided by their primary caregivers
like their parents.
 They explore themselves and their environment
because of their natural curiosity.
 Early Childhood
Approximate age: 3 – 5 y/o
Cognitive stage: Preoperational
Psychosocial stage: Initiative vs. Guilt

 At this stage, children become egocentric.

 They are now able to understand that people can
make things happen due to precausal thinking.
 They have a limited sense of time.
 Have fear of bodily injury and separation anxiety
 They possess animistic thinking wherein there is a
tendency for them to endow inanimate objects
with life and consciousness.
 They tend to focus on just one characteristic of an
object due to centration

Middle and Late Childhood

Approximate age:6 – 11 y/o
Cognitive stage: Concrete Operations
Psychosocial stage: Industry vs.
Inferiority

 This is a stage or period of great change.

Children’s motor abilities are more coordinated
and their physical growth is highly variable.
 Their minds are open and they are motivated to
learn.
 They are more realistic and objective.
 Can understand cause and effect
 They now have deductive or inductive reasoning.
 They are able to compare objects and events.
 They possess syllogistic reasoning where they can
consider two premises and draw logical
conclusion from them.
 Understand the seriousness and consequences of
their actions.
 Adolescence
Approximate age: 12 – 19 y/o
Cognitive stage: Formal Operations
Psychosocial stage: Identity vs. Role
Confusion

 Known as the period of transition

 They now possess abstract and hypothetical
thinking.
 They can build on their past learnings.
 Reason by logic and can understand scientific
principles
 They are now motivated by the desire for social
acceptance because for them, peer group is
important.
 There is an intense personal preoccupation and
appearance is now extremely important.
 Feelings of invulnerable, invincible or immune to
natural laws now arise.
 Many healthcare issues tend to surface

Young Adulthood
Approximate age: 20 – 40 y/o
Cognitive stage: Formal Operations
Psychosocial stage: Intimacy vs.
Isolation

 At this stage they are autonomous and self-

directed
 They use personal experiences to enhance or
interfere with learning.
 Have an intrinsic motivation
 They are able to analyze critically and make
decisions about personal, occupational, and social
roles.
 Become competency-based learner
 Middle-Aged Adulthood
Approximate age: 41 – 64 y/o
Cognitive stage: Formal Operations
Psychosocial stage: Generativity vs.
Self-absorption and Stagnation

 A sense of self is well-developed; Has confidence

in abilities
 They are more concerned with their physical
changes making them explore alternative
lifestyles.
 Usually by this stage they are already at the peak
of their career.
 They tend to reflect on their contributions to their
families and the society, and reexamine their goals
and values. Questioning achievements and
successes may occur.

Older Adulthood
Approximate age: 65 y/o and over
Cognitive stage: Formal Operations
Psychosocial stage: Ego integrity vs.
Despair

 There is a decrease in the ability to think

abstractly and to process information. There is
also a decrease in short-term memory.
 Reaction time is increased and so is their test
anxiety.
 Tend to focus on past life experiences

2. Define pedagogy, andragogy, and gerogogy.

 Pedagogy is the art and science of helping children to learn.

 Andragogy is the art and science of teaching adults. Education in this framework is
more
learner centered and less teacher centered.
  Gerogogy is the teaching of older persons. This includes normal physical, cognitive,
and
psychosocial changes that occur at this phase of growth and development.

3. Who is the expert in cognitive development? What are the terms or labels used by this
expert to identify the key cognitive milestones?

 Jean Piaget is the expert in the cognitive development of children.

 The labels he used to identify the key cognitive milestones are demonstrated in the
table below.

COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
STAGE
Sensorimotor Stage
Preoperational Stage
Concrete Operational Stage
Formal Operational Stage
SIGNIFICANT
APPROXIMATE AGE
CHARACTERISTICS
0-2 years Thoughts of children are
demonstrated by physical
manipulation of
objects/stimuli.
2 – 7 years Increase in the ability to make
mental representation for
something not immediately
present using language as a
major tool.
Children are able to give
reasons for beliefs and
rationales for action, but they
are still biased and immature.
Magical thought predominates.
7 – 11 years They begin to think and reason
logically about objects in their
environment. They can
mentally perform actions that
are previously had to be
carried out in actuality. Their
reasoning is limited to
concrete objects and events.
Inductive reasoning has also
begun in this stage.
11- 15+ years They develop ability to
problem solve both real-world
and theoretical situations.
They can logically and flexibly
 think about the past, present,
and future. They also possess
the ability to think about
symbols that represent other
symbols. They are also able to
envision and systematically
test possible combinations in
order to reach a conclusion.

4. Who is the expert in psychosocial development? What are the terms or labels used by
this expert to identify the key psychosocial milestones?
 Erik Erikson is the expert in psychosocial development.
 The labels he used to identify the key psychosocial milestones are demonstrated in the
table below.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
PSYCHOSOCIAL
STRENGTHS
STAGE CRISES/CENTRAL WHAT HAPPENS?
DEVELOPED
TASK
Infants are highly
dependent to their
caregivers and their needs
Trust vs. Mistrust must be met in order to
Infancy Hope
develop a sense of trust.
Cold, indifferent and
rejecting parents would
lead to mistrust.
They should be allowed
to do things for
themselves so that they
Autonomy vs. Shame
would gain the know
Toddlerhood and Doubt Will
how’s. Overprotective
and ridiculing parents
may cause children to
doubt their self-abilities.
Parents must reinforce via
giving children freedom
to play and use their
Initiative vs. Guilt
Preschooler Purpose imagination. Criticizing
them and preventing them
to play would lead to
guilt in the future.
School-aged Industry vs. Inferiority Children must be praised
Competence
childhood for their productive act.
Adolescence Identity vs. Role Fidelity They should be able to
 answer the question,
“Who am I” if not they
Confusion will be unsure of where
they are going and who
they are.
They should be able to
care for others and share
their experiences with
Young adulthood Intimacy vs. Isolation Love
others as well to prevent
isolation and feeling of
being uncared.
Should show interest in
Generativity vs. Self-
guiding the next
Middle-aged absorption and
Care generation and not
adulthood Stagnation
concerning on one’s own
need and comforts only.
Self-respect is developed
when they are able to live
Ego integrity vs. their lives richly and
Older adulthood Wisdom
Despair responsibly. Regrets on
past would lead to despair
and bitterness.

5. What is the role of the family in the teaching and learning process in each stage of
development?
 The family’s involvement in both teaching and learning process is where the
development of the children would widely depend since, they are considered the
primary caregiver. This makes their role very important in terms of growth and
development. Family structure and changing relationships in the society could either
promote or hinder the teaching and learning of clients in different healthcare settings.

6. How does the role of the nurse vary when teaching individuals at different stages of
development?
 The nurse’s role varies in terms of teaching individuals at different stages of
development depending on the kind of learners to be taught, on the learners needs, on
the time to teach which is determined when learners show readiness to learn as in
exhibiting interest in learning, and on available effective teaching strategies and tools
to use that are appropriate to the current stage of development of the learners. Their
role can vary from educators to leadership role, facilitators of learning process.

References
Bastable, S. B., & Dart, M. A. (n.d.). Developmental Stages of the Learner.
Weber, J. R., & Kelley, J. H. (2018). Health Assessment in Nursing.