ss]tem- Im-c-W-h-cpsS G‰hpw Cfb ]p{X-\mb

Ip™-®≥ F∂p hnfn-®n-cp∂ tZhkym amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w

apXp-Im-´n¬ Xma-kn-®p. s]mXp-°m-cy-߃, k`m- Imcy-߃
F∂n-h-bn¬ Hcp am¿K-Z¿inbpw kPo-h-{]-h¿Ø-I-\p-am-bn-cp-
∂p. AI-j-c-⁄m\w ]cn-an-X-am-bn-cp∂ A°meØv kvIqfp-
Iƒ H∂pw Xs∂ C√m-bn-cp-∂p. \ne-sØ-gp-Øm-»m∑m-cn¬
\n∂pw ssIam-d-n-°n-´nb ⁄m\ta Npcp°w Nne¿°p In´n-bn-
cp-∂p-≈q. AXn-\m¬ Chn-SpsØ kl-{]-h¿Ø-Isc kwL-Sn-
∏n®v IS-∏qcv h´p-Ip-fØv C∂v sslkvIq-fn-cn-°p∂ ÿeØv
Hcp ss{]a-dn-kvIqƒ Bcw-`n°p-Ibpw AXns‚ BZy-Ime amt\-
P-cmbn {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu hnZym-ebw Ct∏mƒ
sslkvIqƒ πkv Sq Bbn hf¿∂p.

apXp-Im-´n¬ imJm Imc-W-h¿ tZh-kymbpw `mcy I{Xnbpw

163
 tZhkym IqS-√q¿ Ff-ºm-ti-cn¬ sNdn-bm≥ -˛ A∂
Zº-Xn-I-fpsS Cf-b-a-Iƒ I{Xnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. I{Xn-bpsS
ktlm-Z-c-]p-{X-\mWp IqS-√q¿ ]≈n Akn. hnImcnbmbn-cp∂
Znhw-K-X-\mb ^m. tPmk^v Io∏p-dØv. ktlm-Z-cs‚ as‰mcp
]p{Xs‚ a°-fmWv Znhw-K-X-cmb ^m. entbm Io∏p-dØpw Pe-
¥¿_n-j∏v Bbn-cp∂ tUm. knwt^m-dn≥ Io∏p-d-Øpw. I{Xn
1965 G{]n¬ 26˛mw Xob-Xnbpw tZhkym 1967 BK-Ãp-amkw
26˛mw Xob-Xnbpw aqXp-Im-´n¬ h®p \ncym-X-cm-bn. Ccp-h-scbpw
IqS-√q¿ ]≈n skan-tØ-cn IpSpw-_-I-√-d-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p.
Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 5 BWpw 3 s]Æpw a°ƒ D≠m-bn.

apXp-Im-´n¬ imJm Imc-W-h¿ tZh-kymbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw

^m. sk_m-Ãy≥ aqim-cn-tb-´n-t\msSm∏w (1964)
1. ss]tem 2. Gen 3. ss]tem
4. sNd-n-bm≥ 5. A∂ 6. tPmk^v
7. ¢mc 8. tXmakv
1. ss]tem
ss]tem P\n®v A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX ac-W-a-S™p

164 164
 2. Gen
Ip™p-s]Æv F∂p hnfn-®n-cp∂ Gensb he-hq¿
Ic-bn¬ Ip‰n-bm-¶¬ Ip™uX F∂p hnfn-°p∂ tPmk^v
hnhmlw Ign-®p. Gen 1986 \hw-_¿ 17\pw Ip™uX 2000
G{]n¬ 26\pw \ncym-Xc - mbn. Ccp-hs
- cbpw he-hq¿ sk‚ v tacokv
]≈n-bn¬ I_-d-S-°n. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠p ]p{X-∑mcpw 6
]p{Xn-amcpw a°-fm-bp-≠v. CXn¬ c≠m-asØ ]p{X≥ tZh-kym-
®s‚ ]p{X-\mWv ]mem cq]-X-bn¬ tkh\w sNøp∂ ^m.-tPm-
k^v Ip‰n-bm-¶¬. At±lw D]-cn-]-T-\m¿∞w Ct∏mƒ tdman-
em-Wv.
3 ss]tem
tZh-kym-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X-\mb ss]tem-®≥
F∂p hnfn-°p∂ ss]tem 1912¬ P\n-®p. \ne-sØ-gpØpw
ss{]adn hnZym-`ym-khpw Ign™v Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ]nXm-hns\
klm-bn®p Ign-bsh ]md-ºpg CS-hI ]¥-\m-gn-bn¬ kvIdnb˛
ad-nbw aIƒ adn-bsØ hnhmlw sNbvXp. A∂-h¿°v 14Dw
12Dw hb v {]mbta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. ]n∂oSv Ah¿ thsd
Xma-kn-®p. Irjnbpw I®-h-S-hp-ambn Ign-bp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ I´-
∏\ h≈-°-S-hn¬ ÿew hmßn 1957 ¬ IpSpw-_-k-taXw
Atßm´p Xma-k-am-°n. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°p 3 BWpw 2 s]Æpw
a°-fp-≠v. adnbw 1998 Pq¨ 29\pw ss]tem 2009 s^{_p-hcn
12\pw \ncym-X-cm-bn, Ccp-h-scbpw h≈°Shv sk‚ v B‚-Wokv
]≈n skan-tØcn IpSpw-_-°-√-d-bn¬ kwkv-I-cn-®p.

apXp-Im-´n¬ ss]tembpw `mcy adn-bhpw (h-≈-°-S-hv)

165
 1 I{Xn 2 tZhkym 3 eoe 4 amXyp 5 tPmk^v

1. I{Xn
I{Xn-°p´n F∂p hnfn-°p∂ I{Xnsb kvIqƒ hnZym-
`ym-k-Øn\p tijw aÆm-d-∏m-d-∏≈n CS-hI am™q-cp-I-c-bn¬
heyw-K-eØp eq°m-bpsS aI-≥ Ip™v F∂p hnf-n°p∂ hn.-
F¬.-amXyp hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ah¿ h≈-°-S-hn¬ Xma-kn-°p-
∂p. Ip™v C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-∏n-√. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 2 BWpw 2
s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-≠v. B¨ Ip´n-I-fn¬ aqØ-a-I≥ kÆn Pohn-
®n-cn-∏n-√.
2. tZhkym
ss]tem-®s‚ aqØ-a-I-\mb sIm®v F∂p hnfn-°p∂
tZhkym Ct∏mƒ ssltd-©n¬ B\hnem-k-Øn\v kao]w
imkvXm-\-S, ta∏md F∂ ÿeØv apXp-Im-´n¬ F∂ ho´p-t]-
cn¬ Iyjn-bn¬ hym]y-X-\mbn Ign-bp-∂p. IS-∏qcv sNºw-Ip-f-
Øn¬ \n∂p hmcym-a-‰-Øn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂ tZhkymbpsS c≠m-
asØ aIƒ ad-n-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw Ign-®p. Ch¿°p c≠mWpw
aq∂pw s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-≠v.
1. Pbn-kΩ 2. sj¿en 3. s_∂n 4. an\n 5. _nPp
1. Pbn-kΩ˛ Pbn-kΩ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ adn-bØ
kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw cmPm-°mSv CS-hI A©-\w-
Im-em-bn¬ tPmbn˛t{XkymΩ aI≥ jmP≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.
2. tj¿en˛ sIm®ns‚ c≠m-asØ aI-fmb sj¿ensb
kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-tijw hnhmlw Ign-®-b-®p.
3. s_∂n ˛ s_∂n sIm®ns‚ aqØ-aI- \
- m-W.v kvIqƒhn-
Zym-`ym-k-tijw hnhm-ln-X-\m-Wv. s_∂n°v c≠p s]¨a-°-
fm-Wp-≈Xv s_∂n 2002 HIvtSm-_¿ 27 \v \ncym-X-\m-bn.
1. {]n≥kn ˛ ]vfkv Sq hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw ]\w-
Ip´n CS-hI Aº-g-Øn-\m¬ en≥kv hnhmlw sNbvXp.

166
 2. {]o\p ˛ πkvSp hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw kn°n-
an¬ MHMHC tIm¨sh‚n¬ tN¿∂v ]Tn-°p-∂p.
4. an\n ˛ an\n {]oUn-{Kn-°p-tijw Bkm-an¬ I\ym-
kv{Xn-bmbn tkh\w sNøp∂p.
5. _nPp˛ πkvSp hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw 27-˛04-˛2002
¬ Im©n-bm¿ CS-hI Rh-d-°m-´n¬ Hutk-∏-®≥˛A®mΩ
aIƒ hn≥knsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Iyjn-bn¬ hym]y-
X-\mbn amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-
Iƒ°v aq∂v B¨ a°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
1. _nt\mPv 7˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
2. s_∂‰v 6˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
3. t_m_n≥ F¬.-sI.-Pn. bn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
3. adnbw
eoe F∂p hnfn-°p∂ adnbw ss]tem-®s‚ Cf-b-]p-
{Xn-bmWv. tImtfPp hnZym-`ym-kt- ijw Imcn-Øm-kn-\S- pØp Nqc-
°p-f-Øn¬ h¿°n-bpsS aI≥ sI. hn. Ipcy≥ hnhmlw Ign-®p.
Ipcy≥ kl-Ic - W
- k
- wLw U]yq´n cPn-kv{Sm-dmbn dn´-b¿ sNbvXv
hn{i-a-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 3 B¨a-°-fm-
Wp-≈-Xv.
4. amXyp (t__n)
ss]tem-®s‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X-\mb t__n F∂p
hnfn-°p∂ amXyp 1950 kw]v‰w-_¿ 17˛mw Xo-bXn A©m-a-\mbn
]d-bp∂ tPmk-^n-t\m-sSm∏w Cc-´I
- f
- mbn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-
`ymkØn\p-tijw Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°sf klm-
bn®p Ign-bp-tºmƒ Cc-´bm¿ Ic-bn¬ aÆn-πm-°¬ tXma-kn-
s‚bpw A∂-Ω-bp-sSbpw aIƒ Ip™-Ωsb 1973 sabv 14 \v
hnhmlw Ign-®p. Ct∏m-ƒ kz¥ambn hoSp-sh®p Xma-kn-°p-
∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°p c≠mWpw Hcp s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-≠v.

167
 apXp-Im-´n¬ t__nbpw IpSpw-_hpw (h-≈-°-S-hv)
1. _nt\mbn 2. knt\mbn 3. kn\n
1. _nt\mbn _nt\mbn F∂p hnfn-°p∂ ss]tem
1974 am¿®v amkw 10˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-khpw
Iw]yq-´¿ s{Sbn-\nwKpw Ign™v Ct∏mƒ Zp_m-bn¬ Iº\n
amt\-P-cmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. 2003 \hw-_¿ 27 \v ap≠-°bw
N{μ≥Ip-t∂¬ si¬hw˛ F¬kΩ Zº-Xn-If - psS aI-ƒ \nΩnsb
hnhmlw sNbvXp.-C-cp-hcpw Zp_m-bn-emWv. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 2
s]Æpw Hcm-Wpw a°-fm-bp-≠v.
1.- F-eokm. ˛ 2005 Pq¨amkw 7 \v P\n-®p. Zp_m-bn¬
4˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
2. -B≥{Uq ˛ 2010 Pqsse 29 \v P\n-®p. bp.-sI.-Pn. bn¬
]Tn-°p-∂p.
3.- l∂m ˛ 2012 \hw-_¿ 19 \v P\n-®p.
2. knt\mbn ˛knt\mbn F∂p hnf-n°p∂ tXmakv
t__n-bpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{X-\m-Wv. 1976 Pqembv amkw 25˛mw
XobXn P\n-®p. tImtfPv hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw knt\mbn
Zp_m-bn¬ Hcp Iº-\n-bn¬ tPmen sNøp∂p 2009 s^{_p-hcn
7 \v sXmSp-]pg s\Sn-b-Ime sNdp-]-≈Øv tPm¿÷v ˛ tacn Zº-
Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ tPmkvens\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmkven≥
_n.-F-kv.-kn., _n.-F-Uv. _ncp-Z[m-cn-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ h≠≥taSv
MESHSS ¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bm-Wv. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠v B¨
a°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
168
 1.- B-tcm¨ ˛ 2010 HIvtSm-_¿ 9 \v P\n-®p. \n¿Ωe
]ªn°v kvIqƒ \cn-b-ºm-d-bn¬ F¬.-sI.-Pn. bn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
2. G-Z≥ ˛ 2013 G{]n¬ 22 \v P\n-®p.
3. kn\n ˛ kn\n F∂p hnfn-°p∂ adnbw 1978 Pq¨
amkw 30-˛mw XnbXn P\n-®p. tImtfPv hnZym`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw
kn\nsb sNºI∏md \nc- t ∏¬ Nmt°m˛adnbw aI≥
tPm¨k¨ 27-˛01-˛2001 ¬ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v
2 BWpw Hcp s]Æp-am-Wp-≈Xv.
5. tPmk^v
ss]tem-®s‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X-\mb tPmbn F∂p
hnfn-°p∂ tPmk^v 1950 sk]v‰w-_¿ 17 ˛mw XobXn Cc-´-I-
fn¬ c≠m-a\ - mbn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-kØ
- n-\p-tijw Irjn-
bn¬ ]nXm-hns\ klm-bn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. 27.05.1975 ¬ tXmhmf
Ce-hp-¶¬ tXma-kv˛ t{XkymΩ aIƒ Beo-kns\ hnhmlw
sNbvXp. Ch¿°v c≠m¨a-°ƒ D≠v.
1. ^nen∏v 2. tXmakv
1.- ^n-en∏v ˛ sPbvkv F∂p hnfn-°p∂ ^nen∏v 27.05.1977
¬ P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw sIm®p-tXm-hmf
CS- h I sN∂nØe sXt°Xn¬ tPmkv Ip´n- b Ω aIƒ
tkmPnsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Iyjnbpw _nkn-\-kp-
ambn sIm®p-tXm-hm-f-bn¬ Xma-kn-°p∂p Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 2
s]Æpw 1 BWpw a°-fm-bp-≠v.
1. A\o-‰˛ s]m∂p F∂p hnfn-°p∂ A\o‰ 12.08.2003 ¬
P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ 7˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
2. B≥a-cnb ˛ N°c F∂p hnfn-°p∂ B≥a-cnb 19.03.2008
¬ P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ 2˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
3. B¬hn≥ ˛ A∏p F∂p hnfn-°p∂ B¬hn≥ 21.08.2009
¬ P\n-®p. 1˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
2.- tXm-akv ˛ entPm F∂p hnfn-°p∂ tXmakv 27.11.1981
¬ P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw 14.01.2012 ¬ I´-
∏\ CS-hI h´-°p-t∂¬ amXyp˛ tacn-°p´n aIƒ dmWnsb
hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Iyjn Imcy-ß-fn¬ hym]y-X-\mbn
amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-sSm∏w Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

169
 4. sNdn-bm≥
tZh-kym-°m-cW
- h- c
- psS aq∂m-asØ aI-\mb sNd-nbm≥
1917 G{]n¬ amkw 18˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. anUn¬ kvIqƒ hnZym-
`ym-k-Øn\p tijw Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ]nXm-hns\ klm-bn-
®p-sIm-≠n-cns° 1933 Pq¨amkw 6˛mw XobXn ASn-®n-d ssIap-
≠≥Im-em-bn¬ sNdn-bm≥ Gen aIƒ ad-n-bsØ hnhmlw Ign-
®p. sNdn-bm≥ Xs‚ hoXw hkvXp-°ƒ hn‰v I´-∏\ h≈-°-S-
hn¬ ÿew hmßn sXßv, Im∏n XpSßn \√ tZl-WvU-߃
sNbvXp. F∂m¬ `mcy adn-b-Øn\v Ahn-SsØ Imem-hÿ
]nSn-°msX tcmKn-bm-b-Xn-\m¬ ÿew hn‰p ho≠pw IS-∏qcp
h∂p ÿew hmßn Irjn XpS-ßn. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv At±lw
ae-_m-dn¬ Xncp-hº- mSn F∂ ÿeØp IqSp-X¬ ÿew hmßn
Ahn-tS°p Xmakw am‰n. Btdgp h¿j-Øn\p tijw `mcy adn-
bmΩ ho≠pw tcmKn-bmbn Xf¿∂v tImgn-t°mSp saUn-°¬
tImtf-Pn¬ \o≠ NnIn-’-Iƒ°p hnt[-b-bm-bn. XpS¿∂p Xncp-
h-ºm-Sn-bnse ÿehpw hn‰v hb-\m-´n¬ hcp-Ibpw Bh-iy-Øn\p
Irjn-ÿew a°n-bm-Sn-bn¬ hmßn _nkn-kn-\ pw sNbvXp
Ign-bsh sNdn-bm≥ 1995 sk]v‰w-_¿ 6 \pw adnbw 1996 Unkw-
_¿ 30 \pw \ncym-X-cm-bn. Ccp-h-scbpw hmfmSv ]≈n skan-
tØ-cn-bn¬ IpSpw-_-°-√-d-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p. Cu Zº-Zn-Iƒ°v
5 s]Æpw HcmWpw a°-fm-bp-≠v.

apXp-Im-´n¬ sNdn-bm\pw `mcy adn-bm-Ωbpw

aIƒ kn. B≥{Un-bmbpw (h-b-\m-Sv)

170
 1. I{Xn 2. eoemΩ 3. tacn
4. A∂Ω 5. tamfn 6. tPmk^v
1. I{Xn
I{Xn-°p´n F∂p hnfn-°p∂ I{Xn 1942 s^{_p-hcn
amkw 2˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym`ymk tijw 1967
am¿®v 26˛mw XobXn hb-\m-´n¬ a°n-bmSv F∂ ÿeØp sIm®p-
I-tcm-´p-ho-´n¬ Nmt°m-®≥ F∂p hnf-n°
- p∂ tPmk^v hnhmlw
sNbvXp. I{Xn°v 2 ]p{X-∑mcpw 1 ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v.
2. eoemΩ
sNdn- b ms‚ c≠m- a sØ ]p{Xn- b mb eoem- Ω 1946
BKÃv 7 ˛mw XobXn P\n®p kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-k-tijw 1972
s^{_p-hcn amkw 27 ˛mw XobXn KqU-√q¿ \nc-∏p-sXm-´n-bn¬
tZh-kym®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp.eoem-Ωbv°v 3]p-{X-∑mcpw Hcp
]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v.
3 tacn
1952 am¿®p-amkw 6˛mw XobXn tacn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ
hnZym-`ymkw Ig-n™v 1978- Pq-em-bv amkw 16˛mw XobXn hb-\m-
´n¬ Xhn-™m¬ ssIX-bv°¬ tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp.
tacn°v 3 ]p{X∑mcpw 1 ]p{Xn-bp-ap-≠v.
4 kn. B≥{Unb
sNdn-bms‚ \mem-asØ aI-fmb A∂Ω F∂p hnfn-
°p∂ B≥{Unb 1955 Pq¨amkw 7˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. kvIqƒhn-
Zym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-bm°n 1985 s]{_p-hcn 2˛mw XobXn \nXy-
{hXhmKvZm\w sNbvXp Zo\-Z-bm¬k`bn¬ AwK-am-bn. Ct∏mƒ
Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv tPmen sNøp∂p.
5 tamfn
tamfn sNdn-bms‚ A©m-asØ aI-fm-Wv. 1959 BK-
Ãp- a mkw ]Ømw XobXn P\n- ® p. kv I qƒhn- Z ym`ymkw
]q¿Ønbm-°nb tijw hb-\m-´n¬ sh≈-ap≠ F∂ ÿeØp
Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv _n n-\ vImc-\mb Xøn¬ho-´n¬ tPmk^v
hnhmlw sNbvXp. tamfn°v 1 ]p{X\pw 2 ]p{Xn-am-cp-ap-≠v.
171
 6. tPmk^v
sNdn-bms‚ GI-a-I-\mb X¶-®≥ F∂p-hn-fn-°p∂
tPmk^v 1961 BK-Ãp-amkw 22˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-
`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw 1981 Pq¨amkw 7˛mw XobXn am\-¥-hm-Sn-
bn¬ tXm≠n-®m¬ F∂ ÿeØp Ipgn-th-en¬ tPm¿Pv˛A∂-
°p´n Zº-Xn-I-fpsS ]p{Xn ]qjv]-Ωsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. X¶-
®≥ \√ Hcp hym]m-cn-bpw Irjn-°m-c-\pam-Wv. Ct∏mƒ am\-¥-
hmSn 4˛mw ssaen¬ Iyjnbpw _nkn-\-kp-ambn Ign-bp-∂p.
Ch¿°v 3 B¨a-°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
1 {]n≥kv 2 tPm¿Pp-Ip´n 3 Inc¨
1. {]n≥kv : {]n≥kv 1982 G{]n¬amkw 22˛mw XobnXn
P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-kØ - n\p tijw am\-¥h
- m-Sn°p kao]w
sImbvtecn aÆ-d-bv°¬ ho´n¬ dk¬ ˛ tacn Zº-Xn-I-fpsS
aIƒ Pn\o-‰sb 2012 \hw-_¿ 26 \v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ
Aep-an-\nbw ^m{_n-t°-j≥ tPmen-bn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
2. tPm¿÷p-Ip´n : hcp¨ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ tPm¿Pp-
Ip´n 1985 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ kuØv
B- { ^n- ° - b n¬ Ce- I v { Sn- ° ¬ kq∏¿ssh- k - d mbn tPmen
sNøp∂p.
3. Inc¨ : Inc¨ X¶-®s‚ aq∂m-asØ aI-\m-Wv.
1988 Pqembv amkw 27˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. _n.-kn.-F. ]T-\-
Øn\p tijw A_p- Z m- _ n- b n¬ A°u- ≠ ‚mbn tPmen
sNøp∂p.
5. A∂
tZh-kym-bpsS c≠m-asØ aI-fmb A∂Ω F∂p hnfn-
°p∂ A∂ 1919 ¬ P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ymktijw 1935¬
a‰-°c aÆ-\m¬°p-∂pw-]p-dØv hn≥k-¥n-tbm-kns‚ aqØ-a-
I\pw aÆ-\m¬ IpSpw-_t- bm-KØ - ns‚ BZy-Im-e{- ]-kn-U‚p-amb
At¥m\n hnhmlw Ign-®p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 4 ]p{X-∑mcpw 2
]p{Xn-am-cp-ap-≠v. CSp°n Pn√-bn¬ Xl-io¬Zmcpw ]n∂oSp
U]yq´n Ie-IvS-dp-ambn dn´-b¿ sNbvX Fw.-F. hn≥k‚ v Ch-
cpsS koa-¥-]p-{X-\m-Wv. At¥mWn 03.12.1998 ¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn.
6. tPmk^v
tZh-kym-bpsS \mem-asØ aI-\mb sImt®∏v F∂p
hnfn-®p-h-cp∂ Fw.Un tPmk^v 1921 sk]v‰w-_¿ amkw 11˛mw

172
XobXn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw sIm√sØ
sSen-{Km^n C≥Ãn-‰yq-´-n¬ ]Tn®p sSen-{Km^n ]m m-bn. c≠mw
temI alm-bp≤w i‡n-{]m-]n-®n-cp∂ Ime-am-b-Xn-\m¬ 1942
HIvtSm-_¿ amkw 15˛mw XobXn ssk\y-Øn¬ tdmb¬ C¥y≥
B¿an k¿Δn-kn¬ tN¿∂p. BZy s{Sbn-\nwKv ]©m_v ^ntdm-
kv]q-cn-em-bn-cp-∂p. ]n-∂oSv D]-cn-]-T-\-Øn\pw ]cn-io-e-\-Øn-
\p-ambn DØ¿{]-tZiv _tden-bn¬ PqWn-b¿I-Ωo-j≥Uv Hm^o-
tkgvkv s{Sbn-\nwKv kvIqfn¬ ske-£≥ In´n. Ahn-SsØ
]co£ ^Ãv ¢m n¬ ]m m-bn. CXn¬ Bbp[ ]cn-io-e-\hpw
Cw•o-jv, lnμn, tdma≥, D¿Zp, F∂o `mj-Ifpw ssS∏v ssd‰nwKpw
Dƒs∏- ´ n- c p- ∂ p. ]n∂oSp {_n´njv B¿an- b psS kv s ]jy¬
t^mgvkn¬ kssπ hn`m-K-Øn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®p. CXn-\n-S-
bn¬ ]m°n-ÿms‚ Xe-ÿm-\-amb C…m-am-_m-Zn-\-SpØp N°-
eme F∂ {]tZ-iØp ]mc-Nyq´v s{Sbn-\nwKpw \S-Øn. bp≤m-
\-¥cw B{K, Pm≥kn, sUdm-Uq¨, _mw•q¿, ]Øm≥tIm-Sv,
Du´n, sh√nw-KvS¨ XpS-ßnb hnhn[ tI{μ-ß-fn¬ kssπ
Unt∏m-I-fn¬ lhn¬Zm¿ ¢m¿°v (tÃm¿), Izm¿´¿ amÿ,
lhn¬Zm¿ taP¿ F∂o XkvXn-I-I-fn¬ tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-®p dn´-
b¿ sNbvXp. kvXpXy¿l-amb tkh-\-Øn-\p≈ sacn‰v k¿´n-
^n-°‰ - p-Ifpw hm¿sa-U¬, C≥Un-s]≥U‚ v saU¬ F∂n-hbpw
e`n-®n-´p-≠v. k¿Δo-kn-en-cns° 1948 BK-Ãp-amkw 26˛mw XobXn
AXn-cºpg sIm√-∏-≈n¬ sI.-F- v. tZhkym (Ip-´n) Gen-bmΩ
(am-Ωn) Zº-Xn-I-fpsS c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn Gen-bm-Ωsb hnhmlw
sNbvXp.

apXp-Im-´n¬ Fw. Un. tPmk^pw (sImt®-∏v) `mcy Gen-bm-Ωbpw

173
 tPmk^v dn´-b¿ sNbvXp ho´n¬ h∂ DSs\ Irjn-Im-
cy-ß-fn¬ {i≤m-ep-hm-bn. AtXm-sSm∏w \mSns‚ \m\m-hn-[-
amb ]ptcm- K - X n- ° p- t h≠n s]mXp- P - \ - ß sf kwL- S n- ∏ n®p
t\XrXzw sImSp-Øp. bm{Xm-ku-Icyw Xo¿Øpw C√m-Xn-cp∂
IS-∏q-cp-{Km-a-Øn¬ ]pXnb tdmUp-Iƒ D≠m-°n. D≠m-bn-cp-∂h
hoXn Iq´n Sm¿sNøn®p _ v k¿-Δokpw XpS-ßn. IS-∏qcv Kh.-
bp-]n. kvIqƒ sslkvIq-fmbn Db¿Øp-∂-Xn\p ap≥]n¬ \n∂p.
{Kmaw sshZyq-Xo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p 3 t^kv sse\n\v A\p-hmZw
hmßn {ia-Zm\w hgn ]q¿Øn-bm-°n. IS-∏q-cp≈ {InkvXob
IpSpw-_-ßsf kl-I-cn-∏n®p amXm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ ]≈n
ÿm]n-®p. 1967 BK-Ãp-amkw 15˛mw XobXn A`n-h-μy-]n-Xmhv
sk_m-Ãy≥ hb-en¬Øn-cp-ta\n Bio¿h-Zn®v BZy-_en
A¿∏n-®p.
\m´n≥]p-dß - f- nse F√m s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-\ß - f- p-sSbpw
hnPbw AXn\p t\XrXzw sImSp-°p-∂-h-cpsS ]n∂n-ep≈
kz¥w IpSpw_mwKß-fpsS kl-\hpw kl-I-c-Whpw t{]m’m-
l-\-hp-am-sW∂p \n w-ibw ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Chn-sSbpw
tPmk-^ns‚ F√m {]h¿Ø-\-߃°p ]n∂nepw {]h¿Øn-
®Xp Xs‚ kl-[¿ΩnWn Gen-bm-Ωbm-bn-cp-∂p. {ia-Zm-\-
߃°v F{X-t]-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂mepw kt¥m-j-tØmsS Blmcw
sImSp-Øn-cp-∂p. hr≤-cmb amXm-]n-Xm-°sf Ah-cpsS A¥yw-
hsc £a-tbmsS Hcp Ipd-hp-an-√msX cm]-I¬ ]cn-N-cn-®p Xs‚
ISa \n¿h-ln-®-p.
25 h¿j-tØmfw XpS¿®-bmbn tPmk^v IqS-√q¿]-≈n-
bpsS tbmK-{]-Xn-\n[n, BUn-‰¿, F√m Btem-N-\m-°-Ωn-‰n-I-
fnepw \n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw kPo-hmwKw, IqS-√q¿
sl¬Øp sk‚- d ns‚ ÿm]- I - ° - Ω n- ‰ n- b wKw F∂n- ß s\
hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬ tkh\w sNbvXp. tPmk^v ˛ Gen-bmΩ
Zº-Xn-Iƒ°p 4 BWpw 4 s]Æpw a°-fp-≠m-bn. tPmk^v 2007
Pqsse 5 \v \ncym-X-\m-bn. ayX-tZlw 06.07.2007 ¬ IqS-√q¿
sk‚ v tPmk^v ]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bnse IpSpw-_-°-√-d-bn¬
_nj∏v dh.- tUm.- kow-t^m-dn-b≥ Io∏p-d-Øns‚ Im¿ao-I-Xz-
Øn¬ kwkvIc - n-®p. tPmk^v aqim-cn-tb´v IpSpw-_t- bm-KØ- ns‚
ÿm]I {]kn-U‚m-bn-cp-∂p.

174
 apXp-Im-´n¬ Fw. Un. tPmk^pw IpSpw-_hpw
1) ImX-ssd≥ 2) h’Ω 3) {]kmZv
4) joeΩ 5) dq_n 6) tSmWn
7) sU∂n 8) cmP≥

1. ImX-ssd≥

1951 P\p-hcn amkw 18˛mw XobXn _mw•q¿ sk‚ v

^ntem-an-\mkv tlmkv]n-‰-en¬ P\n-®p. s]s´-∂p-≠mb Akp-
J-Øm¬ 26.1.1951 ¬ ac-W-a-S-™p. Ahn-sS-Øs∂ sk.-ta-cokv
IØo-{U¬ ]≈n skan-tØ-cn-bn¬ kwkvI-cn-®p.

2. h’Ω

tPmk-^ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{Xn h’Ω F∂p hnfn-

®n-cp∂ I{Xn 1952 P\p-hcn 14˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ
ss^\¬ ]m mb DSs\ 1970 sk]v‰w-_¿ 14˛mw XobXn
]mZphm ]≈n CS-hI ap≠p-hm-e-bn¬ aØmbn˛adnbw Zº-Xn-
I-fpsS Cf-ba
- I
- ≥ F.-Fw. tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. tPmk^v
FSXzm sk‚ v. Atem-jykv tImfPv sIankv{Sn hn`mKw s{]m^-
k-dm-bncp∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Hcm-Wpw 3 s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-
≠v. tPmk^v 2006 G{]n¬ 17 \v \ncym-X-\m-bn.

175
 3. {]kmZv
tPmk-^ns‚ BZy-]p-{X-\mb {]kmZv F∂v hnfn®p
hcp∂ sk_m-Ãy≥ 1955 P\p-hcn 20˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. tImfPv
hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw ssltd-©n¬ h≠≥ta-´n¬ _n n-
\ pw Irjn-bp-ambn Ign-bsh 1983 sk]v‰w-_¿ 2˛mw XobXn
h≠≥ta-Sv hb-en¬ sIm√m´v hn. F.-kvI-dn-bm-bp-sSbpw Gen-
bm-Ω-bp-tSbpw ]p{Xn ‰n‰n F∂p hnfn-°p∂ t{Kkn-°p-´nsb
hnhmlw sNbv X p. t{Kkn- ° p´n BSc, BEd. Imcnbpw ]p‰Sn
sslkvIq-fn¬ amØ-am-‰nIvkv So®-dp-am-Wv. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°p
c≠v B¨a-°-fp-≠v.

apXp-Im-´n¬ {]kmZpw IpSpw-_hpw (h-≠≥ta-Sv)

1. tPmk^v 2. sk_m-Ãy≥
1. tPmk^v . t{]w {]kmZv F∂p hnfn®p hcp∂
tPmk^v, {]km-Zns‚ aqØ-a-I-\m-Wv. 1984 Pq¨ amkw 11 ˛mw
XobXn P\n-®p . tImtfPv hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw hnhm-ln-X-
\m-bn.
2. sk_m-Ãy≥. iymw {]kmZv F∂p hnfn- ° p∂
sk_m-Ãy≥ 10.05.1986¬ P\n-®p. tImtfPv hnZym`ym-k-Øn-\p-
tijw hnhm-ln-X-\m-bn.
4) joeΩ
joeΩ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Gen tPmk-^ns‚ aq∂m-
asØ ]p{Xn-bm-Wv. 1956 Pqembv amkw 30˛mw XobXn P\n-®p.
176
kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-
fm¬ Ct∏mƒ Cfb ktlm-Zc-≥ cmP-t\m-sSm∏w Ign-bp-∂p.
5) dq_n
dq_n F∂p hnfn-°p∂ ^ntem-an-\ 1958 BK-Ãp-amkw
10˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. Fw. F. ]m mb tijw 1985 sabvamkw
9˛mw XobXn Xot°mbn CS-hI Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ h¿°n-˛Gen-
bmΩ aI≥ ‰n. hn tPm¿÷v hnhmlw sN-bvXp. tPm¿÷v
Xot°mbn sk‚ v tacokv F®v.-F-kv.-F-kv. ¬ \n∂pw {]n≥kn-
∏m-fmbn dn´-b¿ sNbvXv hn{i-a-Po-hnXw \bn-°p-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-
Iƒ°v 2 B¨a-°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
6) tSm-Wn
tPmk-^ns‚ c≠m-asØ ]p{X-\mb tSmWn F∂p hnfn-
°p∂ tXmakv 1960 Unkw-_¿ amkw 3˛mw XobXn P\n-®p.
tImf-Pp-hn-Zym-`ym-kØ
- n\p tijw ssltd-©n¬ h≠≥taSv, cmP-
∏md F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ _n n-\- nepw Gew Irjn-bnepw tPjvT-
k-tlm-Z-c-t\m-sSm∏w Ign-bsh 1987 P\p-hcn amkw 19˛mw XobXn
Ipdn-®n-Øm\w CS-hI Xpcp-Øn-bn¬ Ipcy≥-˛-tacn aIƒ tacnsb
(tj¿en) hnhmlw sNbvXp. tj¿en°v tImtfPv hnZym-`ym-k-
ap-≠v. tSmWn 1995 apX¬ InS-ßq-cn¬ amXm t{StUgvkv F∂
t]cn¬ km\n-´dn shb¿ hym]mcÿm]\w \SØn hcp-∂p.
1998 \hw-_¿ 1 apX¬ Xd-hm-´n¬ \n∂pw amdn hoSp-sh®v Xma-
kn-°p-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Hcp s]Æpw Hcm-Wpw a°-fm-bp≠v.

apXp-Im-´n¬ tSmWnbpw IpSpw-_hpw

177
 1. {InÃn≥ 2. PÃn≥

1 {InÃn≥ : {InÃn≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Fen-k-_Øv

1989 HIvtSm-_¿ 3˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. {InÃn≥ ]q™m¿ Kh.-F-
©n-\obdnwKv tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v _n.sSIv _ncpZw t\SnbXn\p
tijw 2012 BKÃv 11 \v FSXzm CS-hI NpSp-Im-´n¬ tPmk^v
^ntem-an\ aI≥ _n]ns\ hnhmlw sNbvXp. _n]n≥ Zp_m-
bn¬ knhn¬ F©n-\n-b-dm-Wv. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Hcp s]¨Ip-
´n-bp-≠v.

2. PÃn≥ : PÃn≥ F∂p-hn-fn-°p∂ tPmk^v 1991

HIvtSm-_¿amkw 23˛mw XobXn P\n-®p. PÃn≥ Ipd-hn-e-ßmSv
tZh-amXm tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂pw _ncpZw t\Sn-b-Xn-\p-tijw
Ct∏mƒ D]-cn]T\m¿∞w \yqkn-e≥-Un-emW.v

7) sU∂n

sU∂n F∂p hnfn-°p-∂ tPmk^v apXp-Im-´n¬ tPmk-

^ns‚ aq∂m-asØ ]p{X-\m-Wv. 1963 s^{_p-hcn amkw 11˛mw
XobXn P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw Cfb ktlm-
Z-c≥ cmP-t\m-sSm∏w Xma-kn-°p-∂p.

8) cmP≥

cmP≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ t]mƒ (tPmkv ]n. cmP≥)

tPmk-^ns‚ Cf-b-]p-{X-\m-Wv. 1973 Pqem-bvamkw 30˛mw XobXn
P\n-®p. tImtfPp hnZy`ym-k-Øn\p tijw G‰p-am-\q¿ Kh.- sF-
‰n.sF bn¬ tamt´m¿ shln-°nƒ sa°m-\n-°n\p ]Tn-®p. cmP≥
1999 sabv 24\v Icn-ºm\n CS-hI ]pØ≥]p-c-bv°¬ F{_mlw˛
tacn Zº-Xn-IfpsS aIƒ s_‰n-sb∂p hnfn-°p∂ tdmksb
hnhmlw sNbvXp.- cm-P≥ Iyjn-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ hym]rX-\mbn Ign-
bp-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 3 s]¨a-°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.

178
 apXp-Im-´n¬ cmP\pw IpSpw-_hpw amXmhv Gen-bm-Ω-tbmSpw
ktlm-Z-c-ß-tfm-Sp-sam∏w
1.- F-sse≥ (Fen-k-_Øv)˛ Fsse≥ F∂p hnfn-
°p∂ Fen-k-_Øv 2000 Unkw-_¿ 28 \v P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ
sh´n-ap-Iƒ sk‚ v t]mƒkv sslkvIq-fn¬ 8˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-
°p-∂p.
2.- a-cnb (tacn) ˛ acnb F∂p hnfn-°p∂ tacn 2002
\hw-_¿ 28 \v P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ sh´n-ap-Iƒ sk‚ v t]mƒkv
sslkvIq-fn¬ 6˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
3. doØ (ImX-ssd≥) ˛ doØ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ ImX-
ssd≥ 2004 sk]v‰w-_¿ 28 \v P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ sh´n-ap-Iƒ sk‚ v
t]mƒkv sslkvIq-fn¬ 5˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
7) ¢mc
¢mcΩ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ ¢mc apXp-Im-´n¬ tZh-kym-
°m-c-W-hpsS G‰hpw Cf-b-]p-{Xn-bm-Wv. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-
Øn\p tijw Ipd-hn-eß - mSv sk‚ vta-cnkv sslkvIqƒ slUvam-
Ã-dm-bn-cp∂ ]p∂mw-XS- Ø- n¬ ^nen-∏ns‚ aqØ-aI- ≥ Ip™q™v
F∂p hnfn-°p∂ tPm¨ hnhmlw sNbvXp. tImgm amfn-tb-

179
 °¬ ho´n¬ Xma-kn-°p-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 3 BWpw 5
s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-≠v. Ip™q™v F∂p hnfn-°p∂ tPm¨ 2011
BKÃv 4 \v \ncym-X-\m-bn. t\∏m-fn¬ I\ym-kv{Xo-bmbn tkh-
\-a\- p-jvTn-°p∂ Ip™-∂, _mw•q-cnep≈ knÿ CØ-Ω, Ime-
Sn-bn-ep≈ knÿ h’Ω F∂n-h¿ a°-fm-Wv.

8) tXmakv
apXp-Im-´n¬ tZh-kym- Im-c-W-h-cpsS G‰hpw Cf-b-a-I-
\mWp tXmΩm-®≥ F∂p hnfn°p∂ tXma-kv. 1930 ¬ P\n-®p.
kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw Irjn-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ amXm-]n-
Xm-°sf klm-bn®p sIm≠n-cp-∂p. I´-®nd s]cp-a-\-°p-t∂¬
Hutk-∏ns‚ c≠m-asØ aIƒ Ip´n-bΩ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂
A∂sb hnhmlw sNbvXp. 1957 Pqem-bvamkw 31˛mw XobXn
Imcpa‰w ]pcbn-S-Øn¬ ]Wn-Xn-cp∂ ]pXn-b-ho-´n-te°p Xmakw
am‰n. Hcp amXr-Im-I¿j-I-\m-bn-cp∂ tXmakv tbmK-{]-Xn-\n[n,
ssI°m-c≥ F∂o \ne-I-fn¬ am{X-a√ a‰p k`m-Im-cy-ß-fnepw
Bflm¿∞-ambn tkh\w sNbvXn-´p-≠v. F√m s]mXp-{]-h¿Ø-
\-ß-fnepw kPo-h-]-¶m-fnØw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IS-∏q-cp-]-≈n-ÿm-
]-\-Ønepw Ce-Iv{Sn-Iv sse≥ \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn\pw, tdmUp-Iƒ
sh´p-∂-Xn\pw hoXn-Iq´n ]pXp-°p-∂-Xn\pw F√m-h-tcm-Sp-sam∏w
ap≥\n-c-bn¬Øs∂ {]h¿Øn-®p. Xs‚ BtcmKyw ]cn-K-Wn-
°msX Xs∂ ITn-\m-≤zm\w hgn {ia-Zm-\-Øn-eq-sSbpw [\-k-
lm-b-Øn-eq-sSbpw s]mXp-°m-cy-ß-fn¬ kl-I-cn®p {]h¿Øn-
®n-´p-≠v. BcpsSbpw GXv AXym-ln-X-Ønepw ap≥t] HmSn-sb-
Øp-Ibpw Bh-iy-am-bsX¥pw t\m°n-°≠p sNøp-∂-Xn\pw
Xøm-dm-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. tXmakv 2014 G{]n¬ 11\v \ncym-
X-\m-bn. kwkvImcw 2014 G{]n¬ 13 \v IqS-√q¿ sk‚ v tPmk^v
]≈n-bnse IpSpw-_-°-√-d-bn¬ \S-Øn. A∂Ω 2014 Pqssebv
23 \v \ncym-X-bm-bn.- kw-kvImcw 2014 Pqssebv 25 \v IqS-√q¿
sk‚ v tPmk^v ]≈n-bnse IpSpw-_° - √
- d
- b
- n¬ \S-Øn. tXmΩm-
®≥˛Ip´n-bΩ Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠mWpw A©p-s]Æpw a°-fp-
≠v.

180
 apXp-Im-´n¬ Fw.-Un. tXmakpw `mcy A∂-Ωbpw
1. t{Kkn 2. tPmkv 3. tacn 4. h’Ω
5. Ip™p-tamƒ 6. Ip´-∏≥ 7. sPkn-tamƒ
1.- t{Kkn (I{Xn) ˛ t{Kkn F∂p hnfn-°p∂ I{Xn
23.03.1953 ¬ P\n-®p.- kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw 24.06.1971
¬ Im™n-c-Øm\w CS-hI ]pfn-°-∏-d-ºn¬ Ip™v-˛-a-dn-bmΩ
Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aI≥ ]m∏-®≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ amXyp hnhmlw
sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v HcmWpw Hcp s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-≠v.
amXyp k¿tΔ Un∏m¿´psa‚n¬ \n∂pw dn´-b¿ sNbvXv hn{i-a-
Po-hnXw \bn-°p-∂p.
2. tPmkv (tPmk^v) ˛ tPmkv F∂ hnfn-°p∂
tPmk^v 6.11.1955 ¬ P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw
1976 HIvtSm-_¿ 18 \v sNdp-hm-≠q¿ CS-hI s\Sn-bm\nbn¬
]m∏-®≥˛tdmkΩ Zº-Xn-I-fpsS aIƒ enknsb hnhmlw
sNbvXp. t- Pmkv 2009 Pq¨ 3 \v \ncym-X\
- m-bn. ayX-tZlw 04.06.2009
¬ I´-®nd sk‚ v tkthygvkv ]≈n-bnse IpSpw-_-°-√-d-bn¬
kwkvI-cn-®p. tPmkv-˛-enkn Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v HcmWpw 3 s]Æpw
a°-fm-bp-≠v.
1.-tPm-bn≥kv ˛ tPmbn≥kv 1977 Pqsse 27 \v P\n-
®p.-tIm-tfPv hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p tijw 2005 P\p-hcn 2 \v ]qh-
cWn CS-hI ]p√m´v tXma-kv-˛-en√n aIƒ Pqensb(sken≥)

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 hnhmlw sNbvXp.-Pqen ]mem sk‚ v tXmakv tImtf-Pn¬
IGNOU ÃUn sk‚- d n¬ eIv N - d - d mbn tPmen sNøp∂p.
tPmbn≥kv I´-®n-d-bn¬ apXp-Im-´n¬ GP≥kokv F∂ t]cn¬
km\n-´dn shb¿ hym]mchpw, -U¿_m¿ Im‰-dnwKv F∂ t]cn¬
Im‰-dnwKv k¿Δokpw \S-Øn-h-cp-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v c≠p
s]¨a-°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
1.- A∂m tdmkv (tdmkΩ) ˛ A∂m tdmkv F∂p
hnfn-°p∂ tdmkΩ 2005 Unkw-_¿ 12 \v P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ I´-
®nd taco -au≠v ]ªnIv kvIqfn¬ 4˛mw ¢mkn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
2.- A-anXm acnb (tacn) ˛ AanXm acnb F∂p hnfn-
°p∂ tacn 2009 sabv 27 \v P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ I´-®nd taco- au≠v
]ªnIv kvIqfn¬ bp.-sI.-Pn. bn¬ ]Tn-°p-∂p.
2.- Pm-kvan≥ ˛ Pmkvan≥ 1979 P\p-hcn 8\v P\n-®p.
tImtfPv hnZym-`ym-kØ - n-\p-tijw 1999 \hw-_¿ 20 \v sNΩea‰w
CS-hI IÆm-´p-Ip-t∂¬ amXyp-˛t- dmk Zº-Xn-If - psS aI≥ Szn¶nƒ
hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v 2 s]Æpw HcmWpw a°-
fm-bp-≠v.
3. -tPmkv\ ˛ tPmkv\ 1985 Pqssebv 2 \v P\n-®p.
\gvknwKv ]T-\-Øn-\p-tijw Xot°mbn CS-hI aqe-bn¬ tPmk-
^v-˛-Ip-´n-bΩ aI≥ tPmtam≥ 2011 s^{_p-hcn 28 \v hnhmlw
sNbvXp.-tPm-tam≥ Al-ΩZ- m-_m-Zn¬ \gvkmbn tPmen sNøp∂p.
Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Hcp s]¨Ip-´n-bp-≠v.
4.- tc-hXn (A¬t^m≥k) ˛ tchXn F∂p hnfn-°p∂
A¬t^m≥km 1991 BKÃv 2 \v P\n-®p. Ct∏mƒ ]mem sk‚ v
tXmakv tImtf-Pn¬ Fw.Fkv.-kn. amXvkn\v ]Tn-°p-∂p.
3.- tacn
tacn 22.04.1957 ¬ P\n-®p. 10.07.1983 ¬ _mw•q¿ IΩ-\-
l≈n CS-hI tPmk^v hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v
HcmWpw Hcp s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-≠v.
4.- h-’Ω (t{XkymΩ)
h’Ω F∂p hnfn-°p∂ t{XkymΩ 10.05.1960 ¬ P\n-
®p. kvIqƒ hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw 1980 s^{_p-hcn 17 \v
sIm√- ∏ ≈n sFs¶mºv CS- h I ]qX°pgn- b n¬ tXma- k v - ˛ -

182
t{Xkym aI≥ ama-®≥ hnhmlw sNbvXp. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v
HcmWpw Hcp-s]Æpw a°-fm-bp-≠v. ama-®≥ sI.-‰n.-Un.-kn.bn¬
\n∂pw dn´-b¿ sNbvXv IpSpw-_-k-taXw ae-ºp-g-bn¬ Xma-kn-
°p-∂p.
5.- Ip-™p-tamƒ (knknen)
Ip™p-tamƒ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ knknen 31.03.1964 ¬
P\n-®p. tImtfPv hnZym`ym-k-Øn-\p-tijw 31.08.1984 ¬ Ipd-hn-
e-ßmSv CS-hI Nma-°m-em-bn¬ tZh-kym-˛-a-dn-bmΩ aI≥ tSman
hnhmlw sNbvXp. tSman cmjv{S-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ DtZym-K-ÿ-\m-Wv.
Cu Zº- X n- I ƒ°v aq∂v B¨ a°- f m- W p- ≈ - X v . Ch- c n¬
aqØ]p{X-\mb {_Z¿ icXv Nma-°me sshZoI hnZym¿∞n-
bm-Wv.
6.- Ip-´∏
- ≥ (sk_m-Ãy≥)
Ip´-∏≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ sk_m-Ãy≥ 16.07.1966 ¬
P\n-®p. tImtfPv hnZym`ym-k-Øn\p tijw 1990 P\p-hcn 8 \v
Ipdp-∏-¥d CS-hI ]md-∏pdw sk_m-Ãy≥˛sk-en≥ Zº-Xn-I-
fpsS aI-ƒ \njsb hnhmlw sNbvXp. Ct∏mƒ Iyjn-Im-cy-ß-
fn¬ hym]y-X-\mbn Ign-bp-∂p. Cu Zº-Xn-Iƒ°v Hcp ]p{X-\p-
≠v.
1.-tXm-a-kp-Ip´n (tSmwkv )˛ tXma-kp-Ip´n F∂p hnfn-
°p∂ tSmwkv 1992 Pqsse 1 \v P\n-®p. kvIqƒ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn-
\p-tijw ]mem sk‚ v tXmakv tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂v _ncp-Zw Ic-
ÿ-am-°n. Ct∏mƒ s^U-d¬ _m¶v -A-Øn-°bw imJ-bn¬
tPmen sNøp∂p.
7.- sP-kntamƒ (Geoizm)
sP-kntamƒ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ Geoizm 18.03.1970 ¬
P\n-®p. sPkn-tamsf 1990 Pq¨ 28 \v If-Øq¿ CS-hI ]d-Øm-
\Øv tXma-kv-˛-A-∂Ω aI≥ aØ-®≥ F∂p hnfn-°p∂ amXyp
hnhmlw sNbvXp. sPkn-tamƒ sNss∂ sk‚ v tXmakv au≠v
]mcojv kvIqfn¬ A≤ym-]n-I-bmbn tPmen sNøp∂p. Cu Zº-
Xn-Iƒ°v c≠v s]¨a-°-fm-Wp-≈-Xv.
amØ-®≥ sNss∂-bn¬ H.I.E.T (Hindusthan Institute of
Engineering Technology) bn¬ Bt´m samss_¬ F≥Pn-\o-b-dmbn
tPmen sNøp-∂p.
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