Instituto Tecnológico de

Saltillo
Álgebra Lineal
Ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial

Unidad 1:
Números Complejos

Nombre del Alumno:

Judith Guadalupe Ysiwata Ramírez

Nombre del Docente:

Dr. Erwin Rommel Cerda León

Saltillo Coahuila.,
28/Agosto/2023
Sean 𝒛 = 𝟐 − 𝟖𝒊, 𝒘 = 𝟕 + 𝟑𝒊

Suma:

𝑧 + 𝑤 = (2 − 8𝑖) + (7 + 3𝑖)

𝑤(𝑧) = 𝑤(2 − 8𝑖)

= 7 + 3𝑖

= 2 − 8𝑖 + 7 + 3𝑖

= −8𝑖 + 3𝑖 + 2 + 7

= −5𝑖 + 2 + 7

= 𝟗 − 𝟓𝒊

Resta:

𝑧 − 𝑤 = (2 − 8𝑖) − (7 + 3𝑖)

𝑤(𝑧) = 𝑤(2 − 8𝑖)

= 7 + 3𝑖

= 2 − 8𝑖 − (7 + 3𝑖)

= −(7 + 3𝑖)

= −(7) − (3𝑖)

= −7 − 3𝑖

2 − 8𝑖 − 7 − 3𝑖

−8𝑖 − 3𝑖 + 2 − 7
 = −11𝑖 + 2 − 7

= −5 − 11𝑖

1) Sean 𝒛 = 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒊 𝒚 𝒘 = 𝟏 + 𝟒𝒊. Para 𝒛 y 𝒘 haga las siguientes

operaciones:

a) −𝒛 + 𝒘

= −(2 − 3𝑖) + 1 + 4𝑖

= −2 + 3𝑖 + 1 + 4𝑖

= 3𝑖 + 4𝑖 − 2 + 1

= 7𝑖 − 2 + 1

= −1 + 7𝑖

b) −𝟐 + 𝟑𝒘

= 3(1 + 4𝑖)

= 3 ⋅ 1 + 3 ⋅ 4𝑖

= 3 + 3 ⋅ 4𝑖

= 3 + 12𝑖

= −2 + 3 + 12𝑖

= 1 + 12𝑖
c) 𝒛 − 𝒘

= 2 − 3𝑖 − ( 1 + 4𝑖)

= −(1 + 4𝑖)

= −(1) − (4𝑖)

= −1 − 4𝑖

= 2 − 3𝑖 − 1 − 4𝑖

= −3𝑖 − 4𝑖 + 2 − 1

= −7𝑖 + 2 − 1

= 1 − 7𝑖

d) 𝒛𝒘

= (2 − 3𝑖)( 1 + 4𝑖)

= (2 × 1 − (−3) × 4) + ( 2 × 4 + (−3) × 1)𝑖

=2×1+3×4 = ( 2 × 4 + (−3) × 1)

=2+3×4 =2×4−3×1

= 2 + 12 =8−3×1

= 14 =8−3

=5

= 14 + 5𝑖
e) 𝒛𝒘 − 𝟏

= (2 − 3𝑖)( 1 + 4𝑖) − 1

= (2 ⋅ 1 − (−3) ⋅ 4) + ( 2 ⋅ 4 + (−3) ⋅ 1)𝑖

= (2 ⋅ 1 − (−3) ⋅ 4) = ( 2 ⋅ 4 + (−3) ⋅ 1)

=2 ⋅ 1+3 ⋅ 4 = 2 ⋅ 4 + (−3) ⋅ 1

=2+3 ⋅ 4 = 2 ⋅ 4−3 ⋅ 1

= 2 + 12 =8−3 ⋅ 1

= 14 =8−3

=5

= 14 + 5𝑖 − 1

= 13 + 5𝑖

f) 𝒛 − 𝟏𝒘

= 2 − 3𝑖 − 1 ⋅ ( 1 + 4𝑖)

= 2 − 3𝑖 − ( 1 + 4𝑖)

= −( 1 + 4𝑖)

= −( 1) − (4𝑖)

= −1 − 4𝑖

= 2 − 3𝑖 − 1 − 4𝑖

= −3𝑖 − 4𝑖 + 2 − 1
= −7𝑖 + 2 − 1

= 1 − 7𝑖

2) Haga las siguientes operaciones con números complejos:

a) (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝟐

2
= 12 + 2 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

2
= 12 + 2 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

= 12 = 1

= 2 ⋅ 1𝑖 = 2𝑖

2
= 𝑖 = −1

= 1 + 2𝑖 − 1

= 2𝑖 + 1 − 1

= 2𝑖

b) (𝟏 + 𝒊)𝟒

3 2 2 3 4
= 14 + 4 ⋅ 1 𝑖 + 6 ⋅ 1 𝑖 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

2 2 3 4
= 1 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 6 ⋅ 1 𝑖 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

2 2 3 4
= 1 + 4𝑖 + 6 ⋅ 1 𝑖 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

2 3 4
= 1 + 4𝑖 + 6 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

2 3 4
= 1 + 4𝑖 + 6𝑖 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖
 3 4
= 1 + 4𝑖 + 6 ⋅ −1 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

3 4
= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 + 4 ⋅ 1𝑖 + 𝑖

3 4
= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 + 4𝑖 + 𝑖

2 4
= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 + 4 (𝑖 ⋅ 𝑖) + 𝑖

4
= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 + 4(−1 ⋅ 𝑖) + 𝑖

4
= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 + 4(−𝑖) + 𝑖

4
= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 − 4𝑖 + 𝑖

2 2
= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 − 4𝑖 + (𝑖 )

= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 − 4𝑖 + (−1)2

= 1 + 4𝑖 − 6 − 4𝑖 + 1

= −5 + 4𝑖 − 4𝑖 + 1

= −4 + 4𝑖 − 4𝑖

= −4 + 0

= −4

c) (𝟐 + 𝒊)(𝟒 + 𝟑𝒊)

= (2 ⋅ 4 − 1 ⋅ 3) + (2 ⋅ 3 + 1 ⋅ 4)𝑖

=2 ⋅4=8 =1⋅3=3

=8−3=5
 =2 ⋅3=6 =1⋅4=4

= 6 + 4 = 10

= 5 − 10𝑖

d) (𝟕 − 𝒊)(𝟒𝒊) − 𝟏

= 4𝑖 (7 − 𝑖) − 1

= (4𝑖) (7 − 𝑖)

= 4𝑖7 − 4𝑖𝑖

= 4 ⋅ 7 = 28𝑖 = −4𝑖𝑖 = −4𝑖 2 = −4(−1) = 4

= 28𝑖 + 4

= 28𝑖 + 4 − 1

= 3 + 28𝑖

3) Para 𝒛 = −𝟓 + 𝟕𝒊 verifique que 𝒛𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒛 + 𝟕𝟒 = 𝟎

𝑧 = −5 + 7𝑖
[ 2 ]
𝑧 + 10𝑧 + +74 = 0

[(−5 + 7𝑖)2 + 10(−5 + 7𝑖) + 74 = 0]

(−5 + 7𝑖)2 + 10(−5 + 7𝑖) + 74 = 0

= (−5 + 7𝑖)2 + 10(−5 + 7𝑖) + 74

= (−5 + 7𝑖)2

= (−5)2 + 2 (−5 ) ⋅ 7𝑖 + (7𝑖)2

 = (−5)2 + 2 (−5) ⋅ 7𝑖 + (7𝑖)2

= (−5)2 − 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7𝑖 + (7𝑖)2

= (−5)2 = 25 = 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7𝑖 = 70𝑖 = (7𝑖)2 = −49

= 25 − 70𝑖 − 49
= −24 − 70𝑖

= (−24 − 70𝑖) + 10(−5 + 7𝑖) + 74

= 10(−5 + 7𝑖)

= 10(−5 ) + 10 ⋅ 7𝑖

= −10 ⋅ 5 + 10 ⋅ 7𝑖

= −50 + 10 ⋅ 7𝑖

= −50 + 70𝑖

= (−24 − 70𝑖) − 50 + 70 𝑖 + 74

= −24 − 70𝑖 − 50 + 70 𝑖 + 74

= − 70 𝑖 + 70 𝑖 − 24 − 50 + 74

= −24 − 50 + 74

=0

0=0

[0 = 0]

𝑧 = −5 + 7𝑖
4) Para 𝒛̅ = −𝟓 − 𝟕𝒊 verifique que (𝒛̅)𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎 𝒛̅ + 𝟕𝟒 = 𝟎

𝑧̅ = −5 − 7𝑖
[ ]
(𝑧̅)2 + 10𝑧 + +74 = 0

[(−5 − 7𝑖)2 + 10(−5 + 7𝑖) + 74 = 0]

(−5 − 7𝑖)2 + 10(−5 − 7𝑖) + 74 = 0

= (−5 − 7𝑖)2 + 10(−5 − 7𝑖) + 74

= (−5 + 7𝑖)2

= (−5)2 − 2 (−5 ) ⋅ 7𝑖 + (7𝑖)2

= (−5)2 − 2 (−5) ⋅ 7𝑖 + (7𝑖)2

= (−5)2 + 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7𝑖 + (7𝑖)2

= (−5)2 = 25 = 2 ⋅ 5 ⋅ 7𝑖 = 70𝑖 = (7𝑖)2 = −49

= 25 + 70𝑖 − 49
= −24 + 70𝑖

= (−24 + 70𝑖) + 10(−5 − 7𝑖) + 74

= 10(−5 − 7𝑖)

= 10(−5 ) − 10 ⋅ 7𝑖

= −10 ⋅ 5 − 10 ⋅ 7𝑖

= −50 − 70𝑖

= (−24 + 70𝑖) − 50 − 70 𝑖 + 74
 = (−24 + 70𝑖) − 50 − 70 𝑖 + 74

= −24 + 70𝑖 − 50 − 70 + 74

= − 70 𝑖 − 70 𝑖 − 24 − 50 + 74

= −24 − 50 + 74

=0

0=0

[0 = 0]

𝑧̅ = −5 − 7𝑖