bunebrivi katastrofebi

bunebriv katastrofebs mniSvnelovani zianis motana SeuZliaT

adamianisa da garemosaTvis. stiqiuri bunebrivi movlenebi warmoSobis
wyaroebis mixedviT iyofian: geologiur, (magaliTad, miwisZvra, cunami,
vulkanuri amofrqveva, mewyeri, Rvarcofi, klde-zvavebi an zvavebi, zedapiris
CamoSla) hidrometeorologiuri (magaliTad, wyaldidobebi, tropikuli
Stormebi, gvalva, setyva, Zlieri qari da wvima, gaudabnoeba, eqstremaluri
temperaturebi) an biologiuri (magaliTad, epidemiebi). stiqiuri movlenebi
SesaZloa gansxvavdebodnen siZlieris, sixSiris, xangrZlivobis, moculi
farTobis, siCqaris, ganviTarebis masStabis da droSi cvalebadobis
mixedviT.
stiqiuri movlenebi rogoric aris magaliTad miwisZvra, qariSxali,
wyaldidoba da a.S katastrofebTan asocirdeba. Tumca, saWiroa aRiniSnos,
rom stiqiuri movlena katastrofad ganixileba maSin, rodesac is
adamianisaTvis masStaburi uaryofiTi SedegebiT xasiaTdeba. zemoTqmulis
ufro TvalnaTliv warmoCenisTvis moviyvanT erT magaliTs: miwisZvra
romelic bunebrivi movlenaa, misi siZlieris miuxedavad ar ganixileba
bunebriv katastrofad Tu is dausaxlebel adgilas moxda da Sesabamisad,
adamianisa da infrastruqturisTvis arasaziano iyo. ufro zusti
ganmartebiT, katastrofa gulisxmobs Temis an sazogadoebis funqcionirebis
seriozuli ngrevas/ryevas, romelic iwvevs farTomasStabian adamianur,
materialur, ekonomikur da ekologiur danakargebs da romelic aWarbebs
zegavlenis qveS moqceuli Temis an sazogadoebis am movlenis sakuTari
resursebiT daZlevis unars.
stiqiuri movlenebi dedamiwis ganviTarebis Tanmdevi procesebia,
Tumca bunebriv procesebSi adamianis uxeSi Carevis gamo klimatis
cvlilebis fonze mniSvnelovnad izrdeba maTi masStabi, sixSire da
damangreveli efeqti. magaliTad, dRes ufro xSirad xdeba
hidrometeorologiuri stiqiuri movlenebi, rogoricaa tropikuli
Stormebi, qariSxali, wyaldidobebi Tu gvalva. erT-erTi avtoritetuli
saerTaSoriso organizaciis (WorldWatch Institute) monacemebis mixedviT 1980-ian
wlebSi saSualod bunebrivi katastrofebis wliuri maCvenebeli 300 iyo.
1990-ian wlebSi es maCvenebeli 480-mde gaizarda, xolo bolo aTwleulSi
620-s miaRwia. aRsaniSnavia, rom degradirebuli garemo kidev ufro
aZlierebs stiqiuri movlenebis efeqts. ase magaliTad, 1998 wels Zlierma
qariSxalma centraluri amerikis napirebTan miaxloebisas mniSvnelovnad
dakarga damangreveli Zala da sanapiros, Zlieri tropikuli wvimebis saxiT
daatyda Tavs. miuxedavad amisa, gamowveuli zarali katastrofuli iyo,
risi mizezic, mTis ferdobebze mwvane safaris gaCexvis gamo gadauRebeli
wvimebiT gamowveuli mewyeri gaxda, ramac 10 000 adamianis sicocxle
Seiwira. analogiurad, 2008 wels karibiis sanapiroze damtydarma
qariSxalma da tropikulma Storma gacilebiT didi wyaldidoba gamoiwvia
haitize sadac, bunebrivi tyis mxolod 2%-ia warmodgenili, mosazRvre
dominikis respublikasTan SedarebiT, sadac arsebuli tyis safaris 30%-ia
SenarCunebuli. 2004 wels indoeTis okeanis sanapiroze damangreveli
cunamiT gamowveuli msxverpli umniSvnelo aRmoCnda im qveynebSi, sadac
bunebrivi damcavi barieri, rogoric aris marjnis ekosistema da mangros
tyeebi, xeluxlebel mdgomareobaSi iyo SenarCunebuli. magaliTad, kunZul
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surinze cunamiT gamowveuli msxverpli gacilebiT naklebi iyo
axlomdebare kunZulebTan SedarebiT, radgan kunZuli dauzinebeli marjnis
rifebiT aris garSemortymuli: rifebma erTis mxriv mniSvnelovnad
Seamcires talRis Zala, meores mxriv, ki Seasrules adreuli Setyobinebis
funqcia radgan xalxma SeamCnia ra rifze damtydari giganturi talRa,
maSinve Seafara Tavi usafrTxo adgilebs. Srilankis erT-erT sofelSi ki,
sadac jer kidev SemorCenilia xeluxlebeli mangros ekosistema cunamis
Sedegad mxolod 2 adamini daiRupa, maSin rodesac axlomdebare sofelSi am
stiqiuri movlenis msxverpli 6000 adamini gaxda.
asociacia “mwvane alternativas” erT-erT naSromSi moyvanili
magaliTis mixedviT, ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi msoflio
katastrofebis sagangaSod mzardi raodenobisa da sul ufro mZime
Sedegebis winaSe aRmoCnda. saSualod, 2000-2005 wlebSi yovelwliurad 240
milioni adamiani moeqca bunebrivi katastrofis zegavlenis qveS. am eqvsi
wlis ganmavlobaSi yovel wels bunebrivi katastrofis msxverpli gaxda
saSualod 80 aTasi adamiani da katastrofebma gamoiwvia 80 miliardi
dolaris Rirebulebis zarali.
katastrofebiT gamowveuli danakargebi msoflioSi izrdeba
sxvadasxva faqtorTa gamo, maT Sorisaa:
➢ klimatis cvlilebasTan dakavSirebuli amindis eqstremaluri
SemTxvevebis raodenobis zrda;
➢ sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis aramdgradi praqtika, romlebic
zrdian risks (magaliTad, aramdgradi mesaqonleoba, an bio-sawvavis
warmoeba miwebze, romlebic uwin tyeebs ekavaT);
➢ mosaxleobis raodenobis zrda da daugegmavi urbanizacia, rac
iwvevs sakvebze, saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze moTxovnis zrdas; da
➢ bunebriv resursebze mzardi zewola da maTi gadaWarbebuli
eqspluatacia.

stiqiuri movlenebi saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelo rTuli mTiani reliefisa da klimatur TaviseburebaTa

gamo bunebrivi stiqiuri movlenebis masStaburobiT da maTi xSiri
ganmeorebadobiT xasiaTdeba. xolo, gamowveuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis
masStabebiT, msoflios mTian qveynebs Soris erT-erTi gamorCeulia.
gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi,
saqarTveloSi stiqiuri hidrometeorologiuri da geologiuri movlenebis
intensivobisa da sixSiris mniSvnelovani zrda, rac garemoze admianis
uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis gaaqtiurebis pirdapiri Sedegia. tyeebis
masStaburi gaCexva, gadaZoveba, samTamadno mrewveloba, daugegmavi
urbanizacia, mdinareTa auzebSi unebarTvo sameurneo saqmianobis warmoeba,
klimaturi da hidrologiuri TvalsazrisiT samSeneblo normebisa da
wesebis ugulvebelyofa, saTanado winaswari Sefasebis gareSe miwebis
sainJinro aTviseba aseTi zemoqmedebis magaliTebia. Tu me-20 saukunis bolo
aTwleulamde saqarTveloSi stiqiuri movlenebi, umeteswilad
emorCileboda garkveul ciklurobas da, adgilis geologiur-klimaturi
pirobebidan gamomdinare, saSualod meordeboda 3-5 da 8-11 weliwadSi
erTxel, 90-iani wlebidan moyolebuli aseT movlenebs adgili aqvs TiTqmis

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yovel wels da maTi eqstremaluri gamovlinebis intervalebi mniSvnelovnad
Semoklebulia. Sedegad, aRniSnuli procesebis uaryofiTi moqmedebis
arealSi eqceva sul axali da axali farTobebi, dasaxlebuli adgilebi da
sainJinro-sameurneo obieqtebi. saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi
resursebis saministros garemos erovnuli saagentos mier mowodebul
diagramaze ilustrirebulia saqarTvelos teritoriaze sxvadasxva wels
aRricxuli mewyrul-gravitaciuli movlenebi.

diagrama 1:. saqarTvelos teritoriaze sxvadasxva wels kartirebuli mewyrul-

gravitaciuli movlenebi.
saqarTveloSi stiqiuri movlenebiT (wyaldidoba-wyalmovardna,
mewyeri, Rvarcofi, napirebis garecxva, Tovlis zvavebi, setyva, Tavsxma
wvimebi, Zlieri qarebi, gvalva da sxva) gamowveuli ziani, mniSvnelovan
zarals ayenebs qveynis ekonomikas.
1967-2009 wlebis periodSi geologiuri da hidrometeorologiuri xasiaTis
stiqiam moicva qveynis teritoriis TiTqmis 70%. stiqiis riskis arealSi
aRmoCnda 3 aTasze meti dasaxlebuli punqti, sxvadasxva xarisxiT daingra an
dazianda 400 aTasze meti sacxovrebeli saxli da nageboba, 1,5 milioni heqtari
miwis savarguli, 550 km-ze meti sigrZis saavtomobilo gza. ekomigrantebis
statusiT gadasaxlebul iqna 60 aTasamde ojaxi.

aRniSnul periodSi momxdarma stiqiurma movlenebma qveyanas 14 miliard aSS

dolarze meti Rirebulebis zarali miayena, daiRupa aTasze meti, maT Soris
1987 wlidan dRemde - 600-mde adamiani.

wyaro: saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministros garemos

erovnuli saagento

qveyanaSi bunebrivi katastrofebis Tanmdevi uaryofiTi Sedegebi

umeteswilad gamowveulia mosalodneli stiqiuri movlenebis Sesaxeb
adreuli Setyobinebis Tanamedrove sistemis ararsebobiT, arasakmarisi
napirdamcavi sainJinro samuSaoebis warmoebiT wyaldidoba-wyalmovardnebis
da mewyruli movlenebis mimarT mowyvlad ubnebze da zogierT stiqiur
movlenaze xelovnuri zemoqmedebis samuSaoebis SewyvetiT.

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bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis marTva

ekosistemebSi mimdinare cvlilebebi da masTan dakavSirebuli

bunebrivi movlenebi gardauvalia. Tumca, bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis
marTva, rac gulisxmobs sazogadoebis mowyvladobisa da katastrofebis
riskis Semcirebas, stiqiuri movlenebis uaryofiTi Sedegebis Tavidan
acilebasa (prevencia) da SezRudvas (Serbileba da mzadyofna) da aseve,
reagirebas, adamianTa msxverplis Tavidan acilebisa da ekonomikuri
zaralis minimizaciis saSualebas iZleva. katastrofebis riskebis marTva
moicavs rogorc mosalodneli riskis Semcirebisaken mimarTuli
RonisZiebebis dagegmvasa da gatarebas, aseve momxdar katastrofebze
drouli reagirebisTvis saWiro samarTlebrivi, instituciuri da
administraciuli meqanizmebis SemuSavebasa da maT efeqtur amoqmedebas.
am kuTxiT ukiduresad mniSvnelovania mosaxleobis cnobiereba ara
marto imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor unda iqceodes TiToeuli adamiani ama Tu im
stiqiuri movlenis dros, aramed adamianebis mier warmoebuli im
saqmianobebis Sesaxebac, romlebic amwvaveben an sulac, qmnian bunebrivi
katastrofebis riskebs. tyis safaris ganadgureba (gansakuTrebiT ki
ferdobebze), mSeneblobebi mdinaris kalapotis iseT ubnebze, sadac
bunebrivad xSiria datborva, Waobebis daSroba, gadaZoveba da miwis
resursebis aramdgradad moxmareba (rac iwvevs niadagis erozias da
Sesabamisad, am resursis funqciis kargvas, radgan veRar xdeba naleqebis
Cajonva da izrdeba wyaldidobebis riski), adamianTa im saqmianobebis
mxolod ramodenime magaliTia, romlebic mniSvnelovnad zrdis bunebrivi
katastrofebis riskebs da masStabs.
sakiTxis seriozulobidan gamomdinare Zalian mniSvnelovania
ganaTlebis sistemisa da gansakuTrebiT ki, saSualo skolebis roli, raTa
erTis mxriv, momavali Taobis damokidebuleba garemosadmi iyos gonivruli
da meores mxriv, sazogadoebas gaTavisebuli hqondes qcevis wesebi
bunebrivi katastrofebis dros.

rubrika momzadebulia proeqtis mier „orhusis centri saqarTveloSi.“