Brief Lesson Plan in TMath 1

I. Learning Outcomes
At the end of the lesson the BEEd third year students are expected to:
A. distinguish mutually exclusive and not mutually exclusive events; dependent and
independent events;
B. compute the probability of two or more events using the addition rules and multiplication
rules; and
C. display willingness to help each other in the group activity on computing the probabilities
of events.

II. Subject Matter

A. Topic: Addition Rules and Multiplication Rules
B. References: Bluman, A.G.(2012). Probability demystified. The Mcgraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
C. Materials: Deck of Cards, Marbles, Dice, Visual Aids, Smart TV
D. Values Integrated: cooperation, optimism, sportsmanship

III. Procedure
A. Preliminary Activities
1. Prayer
A student will lead the opening prayer.
2. Greetings
The teacher will greet the students.
3. Checking of Attendance
The teacher will systematically check student’s attendance.
4. Classroom Rules
The teacher will remind the students of the classroom rules.
5. Review
The teacher will recall previous lesson and ask students some questions.
6. Motivation
The teacher will give warm-up activity (charades game) to give the learners zest for the
incoming lesson. The teacher will randomly choose 5 students to act out the word/s prepared
by the teacher. Each chosen student will take turn to stand in front of everyone and act out
the words. The first student to guess the word/s gets a prize. The teacher prepares a clue to
be displayed in the smart TV in case it will be difficult for the students to guess the word/s.

Mutually Exclusive
Addition
Independent
Rules
Dependent
B. Activity

The students will be divided into two 3 groups. The first group will be given a deck of 52 cards
while the two other groups will be given marbles. Each group will be given questions to
answer. After 15 minutes, the representative for each group will present their answers to the
class.

Group1:

Given a deck of 52 cards, determine the following:

4 1
1. The probability of getting a king; =
52 13
4 1
2. The probability of getting a queen; =
52 13
13 1
3. The probability of getting a diamond; =
52 4
1 1 2
4. The probability that the card is a king or a queen?; + =
13 13 13
4 13 1 16 4
5. The probability that the card is a king or a diamond? + − = =
52 52 52 52 13

Group 2:

You have 3 marbles in a bag. There are 2 green marbles and 1 purple marble. Randomly draw
a marble from a bag. Then put the marble back in the bag and draw a second marble.
4
a. Use the tree diagram to find the probability that both marbles are green.
9

b. In the tree diagram, does the probability of getting a green marble on the second draw
depend on the color of the first marble? Explain.

Group 3:

You have 3 marbles in a bag. There are 2 green marbles and 1 purple marble. Randomly draw
2 marbles from a bag in succession. The first marble is not replaced before the second marble
is selected.
 1
a. Use the tree diagram to find the probability that both marbles are green.
3

b. In the tree diagram, does the probability of getting a green marble on the second draw
depend on the color of the first marble? Explain.

C. Analysis
After the groups have presented their answers, the teacher provides immediate feedback or
remedial measures to those incorrect answers. The teacher also asks the students some
follow-up questions which include:
How did you find the activity?
Was using the deck of cards or tree diagram helpful to you in determining the probabilities
of events?
Can the events of getting a king or a queen occur at the same time?
Can the events of getting a king or a diamond occur at the same time?
How did you compute the probability of mutually exclusive events?
How did you compute the probability of non-mutually exclusive events?
How will you compute the probability that both events occur when two events occur in
sequence?
Did you work cooperatively with your group?

D. Abstraction
The teacher will ask the students how they computed the probabilities of events based on
the discussion and on the activity. The teacher gives feedback to student’s answers, provides
additional input and presents the Addition Rules and Multiplication Rules.

Addition Rule 1: Addition Rule 2:

When two events and are If and are two events that are not
mutually exclusive, mutually exclusive, then

= + −
= +
where − the no. of outcomes event and event have in common.

Multiplication Rule 1: Multiplication Rule 2:

For two independent events When two events and are

and dependent,
and =
where means the probability that the
and = event occurs given that the event has already
occurred.
E. Application
A cooperative learning activity called ‘numbered heads together’ will be given to students.
The class will be divided into 3 groups. Exercises on computing probabilities using addition
and multiplication rules will be distributed to each group of students for them to solve. (The
teacher will give details/mechanics in doing the activity and will integrate the values of
cooperation, optimism, sportsmanship while conducting the activity.)

Example 1:
Example 2:
A card is selected at random from a deck.
Find the probability that the card is a queen A die is rolled. What is the probability of
or a 7. getting an odd number or a number less
than 5?
Solution:1:
4 4
P(queen or 7)= + = =
52 52 52

Example 2: Example 2:
When a die is rolled, find the probability of Solution:1: = + −
3
getting a 4 or a 5. Let = the event of getting an odd no. ; then =
6
4
Let = the event of getting a no. less than 5 then =
6
Let and = the event of getting odd numbers no. less than
Solution:1: 5 then and =
2
1 1 2 6
P(4 or 5)= + = = 3 4 2
6 6 6 P( or )= + − =
6 6 6

Example 3:
In a committee meeting, there were three Example 3:
freshmen, two sophomores, five juniors, and Two dice are rolled. What is the probability of
three seniors. If a student is selected at random getting doubles or a sum of 6?
to be the chairperson, find the probability that
the chairperson is a sophomore or junior.
Solution:1: 2 5
P(sophomore or junior)= + =
13 13

Example 3:
Example 1: Solution:1: = + −

A card is selected at random from a deck. Let = the event of getting doubles ; then =
6
36
What is the probability that the card is a 7 or Let = the event of getting a sum of then =
5
6
a club? Let and = the event of getting a double and a sum of 6
1
5 then and =
6
6 5 1 1
P( or )= + − = =
36 36 36 36

Example 1:
Solution:1: = + −
4
Let = the event of getting a then = 52
13
Let = the event of getting a clu then = 52
Let and = the event of getting both a clu then
1
and = 52
4 13 1 16
P( or )= 52 + 52 − 52 = 52 =
 Example 1: Example 3:
An urn contains three red balls, four green balls and If two people are selected at random, find the
two blue balls. A ball is selected at random and its probability that both were born on Wednesday.
color noted. Then it is replaced and another ball is
selected and its color is noted. Find the probability of Answer:1:
each of these: The probability that two people are born on
a. selecting two green balls 1 1
b. selecting a blue ball then a red ball Wednesday is =
c. selecting a green ball then a red ball

Example Example 1:
Given: urn contains 3 red balls, 4 green balls Two cards are selected from a deck and the first card is
and 2 blue balls; with replacement not replaced. Find the probability of getting two
queens.
Solution:1:a . selecting two green balls : Answer:1:
P(green and green)= P(green) P(green) The probability of getting two queens is
4 4 4 3
=
= = 52 51
9 9

Example Example 2:
Given: urn contains 3 red balls, 4 green balls Two cards are drawn without replacement from a
and 2 blue balls; with replacement deck of 52 cards. Find the probability that they are
both clubs.
Solution:1:b . selecting a blue ball then a red ball : Answer:1:
P(blue and red)= P(blue) P(red) The probability that they are both clubs is
2 3 13 12
=
= = 52 51
9 9

Example Example 3:
Given: urn contains 3 red balls, 4 green balls A carton of light bulbs contains 15 bulbs, of which 4
and 2 blue balls; with replacement are defective. If 3 bulbs are selected at random
without replacement and tested. Find the probability
Solution:1:c . selecting a green ball then a red ball : that they are all good.
P(green and red)= P(green) P(red) Answer:1:
4 3 The probability that the 3 bulbs selected are all good is
= = 11 1 9
9 9 =
15 14 13

Example 2:
A coin is tossed three times. Find the probability of
getting three tails.
Solution:1:
tails)=
1 1 1
= =
2 2 2

IV. Assessment
The teacher will give a test to determine students’ ability to demonstrate mastery in
distinguishing mutually exclusive and not mutually exclusive events; dependent and
independent events; and in computing the probabilities using the addition rules and
multiplication rules.

V. Assignment
The teacher will give a reading assignment and guide questions for the students to
answer in preparation for a new lesson next meeting.
VI. Wrap-up/Concluding Activity
The teacher will ask some students to summarize the lesson and the teacher will give a
quotation that will inspire the students to do something to practice their new learning.

Prepared by:

JOCECAR L. HINAMPAS
TMath 1 Instructor