Lesson 4.

Igneous Rocks
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 Learning Competency

At the end of this lesson, the given DepEd learning

competency should be met by the students.

Classify rocks into igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

(S11/12ES-Ib-10).
 Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the learner should be able to

do the following:

● Identify and differentiate the different types of

igneous rocks.

● Describe the origin and environment of formation

of igneous rocks.
 Igneous rocks need high rock-melting heat similar to the
temperature of the primitive earth. The term igneous comes
from the Latin word ignis which means fire. It is formed in
temperatures not lower than 700°C.
How can a geologist differentiate one type of igneous rock from
the other?
 Try it!
Warm-Up

Crystallize!
1. This activity will have you play a
game called Crystallize!
2. Once the game begins, you will
look for classmates who have
the same tag as you do.
 Learn about It
Volcanic

Igneous Rocks
• Igneous rocks are formed from
solidification of magma or lava
which flows out from depth.

• Minerals such as quartz, feldspar,

pyroxene, olivine, amphibole, and
mica are the components of almost
Basalt, an example of an
all types of igneous rocks. igneous rock
 Learn about It

Formation of Igneous Rock

• Igneous rocks are
characterized by intergrowth
of crystals and/or volcanic
glass.

• Crystal size is directly

proportional to the cooling
Gabbro, an igneous rock
rate of magma.
 Learn about It

Formation of Igneous Rock

• Big crystals are formed
deep underground, while
smaller crystals are
formed near the surface.

Cooling and crystal formation

Bowen’s reaction series is a general model created to show the
progression of silicate crystallization at specific temperature.
 Learn about It

Types of Igneous Rocks

• An extrusive igneous rock forms
when magma or volcanic fragments
erupt and solidify on Earth’s surface
which results in very fine-grained
rock with very small crystals that
could not be seen through naked
eye. The eruption of magma on
Earth’s surface produces
extrusive igneous rocks
 Learn about It

Types of Igneous Rocks

• An intrusive igneous rock
forms when magma
crystallizes within the crust
and is composed of
medium to coarse grains. It
is also known as a plutonic
rock.

Formation of intrusive
igneous rock
 Learn about It

Naming of Igneous Rocks

• Igneous rocks can be named using the binary system which
is mainly based on its texture and composition of the
rock.
Classifying igneous rocks based on texture and composition.
Composition (silica content)
Texture Felsic Intermediate Mafic

extrusive (volcanic) rhyolite andesite basalt

intrusive (plutonic) granite diorite gabbro
 Key Points

● Igneous rock is formed from solidification of magma or lava which

flows out from depth.

● Igneous rocks can be classified based on the

temperature-pressure condition.

● Bowen’s reaction series shows the progression of silicate

minerals crystallization at specific temperature condition.
 Check Your Understanding

Write the name of the igneous rock based on the

description given.

1. high silica content, coarse-grained texture

2. low silica content, fine-grained texture
3. high silica content, fine-grained texture
4. equal amounts of dark and light colored minerals,
fine-grained texture
5. low silica content, coarse-grained texture
 Bibliography
Amethyst Galleries Inc. “Mineral Gallery” Accessed April 5, 2018. http://www.galleries.com/default.htm

Coenraads, Robert R. 2005. Rocks & Fossils: A Visual Guide. Australia: Weldon Owen Inc.

Tarbuck, Edward J. and Frederick J. Lutgens. 2012. Earth Science, 13th Edition. New Jersey: Pearson
Prentice Hall.

Thompson, Graham R. and Jonathan Turk. 1997. Introduction to Physical Geology. United States: Brooks
Cole Publishing.

Williams, Linda. 2004. Earth Science Demystified. United States: The McGraw -Hill Companies, Inc.