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4
arg z tan 53.13
1
3
Note: Whenever the complex number is in the 1st or 4th quadrant then
we use
1 Im z
y
tan OR tan
1
x Re z
Worked Examples
Find the argument of the complex number w 1 i.
Solution:
y
180 tan
1
x
Worked Examples
Find the argument of the complex number v 2 5.i
Solution:
5
arg v 180 tan 111.80
1
2
y
180 tan
1
x
Representing Complex Numbers
on the Argand Diagram
Worked Examples
Represent the complex numbers z 4 2i,
1 z2 1 3i, z3 2 i, z4 1 2i on an argand
diagram. Im z
z2
z1
Re z
z3
z4
Worked Examples
Represent the complex numbers u 2 3i, v 4 i, u v 6 4i on an argand diagram.
Im x yi
uv
u
v
Re x yi
Worked Examples
If z1 5 i and z2 3 4i , represent on one argand diagram z1 , z2 , z1 z2 , z1 z2 .
Im z
z2
z1 z2
Re z
z1
z1 z2
Polar Form of a Complex
Number
The Polar Form of a Complex Number
Im z
Consider a point P on the
P x, y argand diagram representing
y the complex number z x yi .
From the diagram:
z r sin
y
y r sin
r
x
cos x r cos
r
Re z z x yi
0 x z r cos ir sin
z r cos i sin Polar Form
Worked Examples
Express the complex number z 3 7i into polar form.
Solution:
7
arg z tan 66.80
1
3
r z 3 7 58
2 2
2
r w 2 1 5
2 2
1 4 2
2
w
2
3
c
i
z 2e 6
Worked Examples
Express the complex number w 2 i into exponential form.
Solution:
1
arg w 180 tan 153.43 2.68c
1
2
r w 2 1 5
2 2
w 5e 2.68c i
De Moivre’s Theorem
z 2 9i 85 cos 77.47 i sin 77.47
z 2 9i 77 36i 85 cos 154.94 i sin 154.94
2 2
z r cos i sin r n cos n i sin n De Moivre’s Theorem
n
n
r1r2 cos 1 cos 2 sin 1 sin 2 i sin 2 cos 1 cos 2 sin 1
z1 z2 r1r2 cos 1 2 i sin 1 2