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Integumentary System(
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anatomy and physiology
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Integumentary system reviewer
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INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM integument EPIDERMIS SKIN COLOR
means covering Composed of keratin or protein that 1. MELANIN
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makes skin hard. ! Responsible for skin, hair and eye

! It is composed of the skin, hair, oil, ! Keratinization cells change shape color
and sweat glands, nails and sensory
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and chemical composition ! Pheomelanin yellow to red
receptors. ! Eumelanin brown to black
Four Strata Layers (THIN SKIN) ! Usually yellowish to reddish and
FUNCTIONS ! Stratum Corneum 25-30 layers; brown to black
1. Protection most superficial stratum of epidermis ! Provides protection against UV.

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2. Sensation
3. Vitamin D production
! Stratum Lucidum 4-6 layers;
superficial to granulosum
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4. Temperature Regulation ! Stratum Granulosum 3-5 layers;
5. Excretion middle of the epidermis
! Stratum Spinosum 8-10 layers;
superficial to the stratum basale
! Stratum Basale also known as
Stratum Germinativum deepest layer
of epidermis; single row
!
Produced by melanocytes
Cyanosis a decrease in oxygen
content producing a bluish color of
the skin
2. CAROTENE
! It is a yellow pigment
! Tattooing permanent coloration of
the skin to the dermis.

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! Callus is thickened area on the
STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
stratum corneum. ACCESSORY STRUCTURES OF THE
! Skin or the Cutaneous Membrane
SKIN
covers the external surface of the
DERMIS
body.
! Second deeper part of the skin Hairs
! Largest organ of the body.
! Has ability to stretch and recoil ! Also called as pili.

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easily ! Present on most skin surfaces except
TWO MAIN PARTS OF SKIN
! Much thicker than epidermis the palm, palmar surface of fingers,
! Epidermis (avascular) most
soles, plantar surface of the feet.
superficial thinner portion composed
LAYERS OF DERMIS ! Also function in sensing light touch.
of epithelial tissue.
! Dermal Papillae superficial portion
! Dermis (vascular) the deeper,
of dermis Anatomy of Hair

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thicker connective tissue.
! Reticular Region deeper portion of ! Shaft superficial portion of the hair
! Hypodermis or Subcutaneous
dermis which protrudes above the surface of
Layer deep to the dermis but not
! Epidermal Ridges lines or as the skin.
part of the skin; connects the skin to
patterns of loops and whorls ! Root and Hair Bulb deep to the
the underlying muscle or bone
(fingerprint); unique for each shaft portion of the hair
individual

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! Hair Follicle surrounding the root of Consist of:

the hair; originates deep in the
dermis.
Three Concentric Layers of the Hair
! Medulla inner; lacking in thinner
hair
! Cortex middle; major part of shaft
! Cuticle outermost layer; heavily
keratinized
MAJOR SKIN GLANDS
1. Sebaceous Glands or Oil Glands
secrete an oily substance called
sebum which is oily, white substance
rich in lipids.
2. Sudoriferous Glands or Sweat
Glands release sweat or
perspiration.
Subdivided into 2 main types
! Eccrine Sweat Glands most
regions of the body; produce a
secretion that is mostly water
and few salts.
! Apocrine Sweat Glands organic
secretion; armpit, nipples, breast
Ceruminous Glands modified sweat
glands in the external ear.
NAILS
! Plates of tightly packed, dead, hard,
keratinized epidermal cells; on the
digits.
1. Nail Body visible portion of the nail
2. Nail Root part of the nail covered by
the skin
3. Cuticle extends onto the nail body
4. Nail Matrix proximal portion of the
epithelium deep to the nail root.
5. Nail Bed secures the nail to the
fingertip
6. Free Edge may extend past the
distal end of the digit.
7. Lunula crescent shaped area of the
nail.
HAIR GROWTH
" Growth Stage cells of hair matrix
divide
" Regression Stage hair matrix stop
dividing
" Resting Stage after regression
stage; then repeats cycle.
" Alopecia partial or complete lack of
hair.
TYPES OF HAIRS
" Lanugo very fine, non-pigmented,
downy hairs
" Terminal Hairs long, coarse,
heavily-pigmented hairs
" Vellus Hairs called “peach-fuzz”,
short, fine, pale hairs
Types of Skin
" Thin (hairy) Skin
" Thick (hairless)

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