MLCNNIlcantpn-RAFINE-B.

SU
Mt Pridreocarrbwce saturate acidice.ee confirm door legation simple
tontine atomic de C are reeactivitatescazuta ,

Formula generala- : Cm Ham -12

• N E .
= 0

• hibnidizane sp3

•
geometric tetnaedicaltetreagomala
• 5- dimttee 2 leg simple :
109°28'15''

•
fvumgirmea C -
C :
1,54A
•
Snumgirmea C -

H :
1,09 Ñ sale 1,1 _Ñ

•
comsigweatiestabila.de zig-zag
•
Leg sirmplaperrmitenotatiarmjweeeeaceste.ee
Demurminea →
se face ponmimddeeamurmelehidrocanbwe-ie-susixuli.am ?
③ ERNIE ⑥ Fml⑥ k⑥AaGgn¥

m =L CH 4 -
rmetam " " "" " """

m = 2 C. 21-16 -
etam m=l2 Cl21-126 -

dodec.am

m =3 C. 31-18 m= 13 Ct3H28 treidecam

pnopam
- -

m=4 C. 4 Heo -

butam m = 14 C 141-130 -

tetreadecam

m=5 C5He2 -

pemtam m -15
clb-H32-pemtadec.am
m = 6 Catlin -

hexam m = 16 Cl6H34 -

hexadecam

m=7 G- His -

heptam m = 17 Cl7H3G -

Preptadecam
m=8 Cs His -
octan m = 18 cl8H38-od-adeo.am

m=g Cos H2o -

momam m = 19 Cls 1-140 -

mormadeo.am

m = lo Clo H 22 -

decam M=20 C20H42-eicos.am

?⃝
RnAaDdIicCAalLii0RgGA-NiiciiPpR@vVENmiiFID.dLEILA AKEAA#Ii

.ie?)CHz-rmetil
I.
readicalirmomovalemticsusixul.am"→ .

GHz CHI CHI CHI CH3

- - -
-

1-
pemtil
CHI -

CH } etil CH z -

CH -

CHI -

CHI -

CH3
1
pemtil
I
2-

CHI CHI CH }
pnopil Ctb Cha CH CH 2-9-13
- -
- - -

I '
3- pemtil
CH
}
-
CH -

CH 3 izopnopil 91-12
-

CH -

CH z
-

CH 3

CHS
I
izopemtil
CHI CH> butil
91-12 CHI m
-
- -
-

e- * ←
.ae#em+iiCH3-GH-CH2-CH3Sec-butil DH,

CH} -

f. H
-

Ctb izobutil CH3-CH-ci-l-CH32-rmetil.rs pemtil -

I 1
CH
CH }
,
fH3
É
CH } Ctb tergtbutil 91-12 f
CHS meopemtil
-
-
- -

{ Hz CHS

madicalidivalemf-icsufixul.am ilidem"( acetasiatdec)

"
2. →
"
"

"
item @tvecimi )

[
"" """""" """ "" """"
" """ "" "
"
C 't CH3 etilidem CHS butilem
GH GH CH3 2,3
-
- - - -

C. 1-12 -

CHZ etilem
fit -
CH -

CH } 1,1
-

izobutilidem
ditz
I 1

&H -

CHI -

CH >
pnopilidem
C É
,H2 CH3 1,2 izobutilem
-
-
-

Hf
-

§ -

CH } izopreopilidem dttz
CHI CIF ÉH3 1,2 poeopilem GHz CH izobutilem
-9-12 1,3
- - -
- -

I 1 dH3
CHI -

CHI -

GHZ 1,3 -

pnopilem 9-13

C'H
I
-

CH 2-9-12 -

CH3 butilidem
¢H -

f
-

Ctb 1,1 -

meopemtilidem
I CHz
C.Hz -

& -

CHI -

Ctb see -

butilidem
9+3
É
Cha
91-12 1,3 meopemtilem
-
-
-

CHI CHI Ctb 1,2 butilidem 1

GH
- - - -
I

1
CHS
12-9-12 butilidem
9- GH CH} 1,3
- -
-
 " "
)
tnivalemj-ilsufixul.am
"
3. radicali →
"
ilidim Sau , ,
im

-
Cti -

rmetilidimlmetim

ii -2-2⑥ 1km1Ee☒HE → de catena

C4 Heo

Cs H 12
2
formica
:÷÷÷
÷ moleculara- , dare dingoes

Hml EeF⑥DdE DdEe ⑥Bb¥iiNmEREe

1. Hidno gemaneahidrocanbweilonmesatweate.si aromatic

2. Reaction cormpusilonrmomohalogematiaesod.eu (neagtia Wintz)

2R -
X +2N a → R -
R + 2Na×

2 CH 3 CH CH 3 +
2Nd → CH CH CH CH 3 + 2NaCl
- - - -

z
-

I 1

CH z CH 3

3.
Reactia compositor dihalogema.fi isolation metal@ diValente (Mg 2-m) ,

fH3
CH 3 CH CH z CH z CH z CH +
Mg
→ +
Mga
- -

2
- -
-

di di

4. Decareboxitarea acizilom

CH3 -

cha -

COONa + NaOH CH 3-9-13 + Na 2003

5. Hidno Ii2-a lemon

oormpu.si
CH z -

Cha -

Mga + H2O → CH z CHz +-

Mga OH
••
care
bweadealurmimiu.CA/4C3)siearebweadeberiliu(BezC) react .

aciziidilugtifonrmamdrmetam.lt/4C3
energia an
apa son or

+ 121-120 → 4 A1 ( DH ) 3 + 3 CHU .
 ☒ ☒⑥Pp☒iiEFA-a.FI E-IiZzii @Ee

stane de agreegame • Pm comdjtie moremale (25°C si e atom )

Cl Cu (6 atCarrie)
meopemtamalul
→ + →
gaze

G- →
Cif →
lichizi

☐8 →
. . .
→
solizi

Minos

A/
camiigazosimuaurminos.pt a detector scapolite de gaze Ii se

adaug-asubst.weatrmireositoarepebaza.de SUB MERCAPTANI

:

A/ camii lichizi + solizi :

BEN 2- INK

AeIoane

Alcamiigazosi § lichizi :
IN COLORi

Alcamii solizi : ALBI

Demsitate

Palcamigazosi <
face
Pakami lichizi § soli2-i <
Papaw
Solubilitate

SolveMoti mepolariibemzem.to/uemiCC14;m-Gexatn;bemzima etc

A/ carnie met se dizdvai-mapadeoar.ee akamii are rmolec .

mepolatee ian moles polar e.

, apa are

Remote de gearbox Remote .

de tropine
Remote scazute deoaorece are rmolec .
mepolaoee .

Crees one
oiesterea µ .

Jm
cazulizormerelomp.f.scade.ae :

{
marmificarrea
-

existent a umui Can

-

rearm if Mai
ap de Marg
catemei
Pp Rn ⑥Pp ☒I EFAY-i-IEH.intIi@Ee
→
au o stabilitate mane cenirmicacsumtstabili la temp obism / scazute) .
.

paraSime neactiv scazuta

oeacare

"°
End ere

izormoeizaore

Prop .
Chim ,.ee
_Ñ_ʳP=É
a µ
/ substitute
-

oxidate
\
_

defridrogemooee
☒ EAaG¥iiAa DdEe Ssuu ☒⑤Flitton#HE

→
Tmeoaeiurea umuia saw moi mutton at de Hae um alt atom sale

9M de atami .

H
ft
R -
d - -

B → R -
C -

B + H -

A
1
1
H
H

DR. de halogenate cormpus.ihalogema.fi/docivogtiha1ogemafi

cozdifii-denegtie-y-sotochirmicsauhds.am
•
Geronimo

→
Pmcalzime (300° -
400°C) .

BHAI carnie
'
react direct door
.
or ☐ 2 SaleBM 2
•

→
com
pusii ☒oraeorati +
iodweaf-iseobf-pecaiimdine.de
R H ✗a
#
- +
12 -

× +
HX

halog.hidraad.CL
a Icam deriv .

RnUuAAa☒iiLeE
☒ Nmuuleuuii NmtEeFAa

CH 4 + Cla CHS -

ce + Hce
CLORO METAN -
d de Meti1 agent frigorific .

CH 4 -1 202
¥ CH 2- CI 2 + Hce
DICLOROMETAN -

d de Meti/em Marcotte slab

agent frigorific
dizolvamt
 CH 4 +302 # CHCI 3 1-31-10
dotcvoea de Metin / IODOFORM
amestezic general
dizolvamtptgrrasirme
Masini

SUIS
CH 4 +402 # CCI 4 + ↳ Hce
tetoracloorormetarn / TETRACLORURA DE CARBON

dizolvamlstimgatoaoredeimcemd.ee/Yomodorueoeareea
etamueue

CHS CHS +
Q2
# CHS Hcl
CHS
-
-

di amestezie local
doreoetam → KELEN
≤ Marcotte

agemtdealchilarre
Didorureaoreaetamueui

CH 3- CH3 +
292-2%7 CH 2-9-12 1,2 dicloreoetam
-

£ £, (vicinal)

3 -
CH -

Ce be -
didonoetam
de lgermirnal)

Momobroomweooeeapropamubee.
3-9-12 -

BN2¥CH3
CH3
CH 1- -
CH
2-4-12 1- bromo -

prop.am
Cbtrormweade
pnopam Bn
pteopil) 2%

,, @µ @µ, imam,
pnop.am
, ,

g.
-

1
(broomwed de
Bn )
izoporopil 98%

Momodoruoeareeam-butamuaei.CH
3- CHI -

CHI -

CH3 + d2 CH3 -

CHI -

CHI -
CH 2
di
1- dorobutamlddebut.it) 28%

,
-

☒a- c.µ _

de
72%
d. de secbutil
?⃝
?⃝
?⃝
 Momodorweareameopemtamueui
CH 3 CH 3

CH z -
É -

Ctb +02 > CH3-d-C.tk + Hee

I 1 I

CH3 CHS ce

meopemtam dorota de
meopemtil

2) R de mitre are
.
mitnoderivati

comditiedeMeactiem ( acid azotic)

{
• 1-111103

de 1-105031-1
Tm
pnezemota .

R -
H R -

N 02 + H -
OH

C.Hu + 1-10-1402 CHS -

Noon + H2O
1-12504
mitnormetam

CH z -

CH 3 + 1-10-1402 ¥ CH3 -

CH2- Nos + H2O

mitroetam.BE?Jmtirmpuln.demitnare are 10C

§ o te de oeacaore (dat timcalzircii)
.

decilamitnaneaetamubeiseobtimes.im itnormetam

3) R de . sulfonate sutsati acizi de akhil .

CH 4 + HO -5031-1 → CH 3-5031-1 + H2O

suesat acid de
MetiI

☒
EeAaE¥ii Aa ☒E- I-2-2⑥HotERIi-ZAREetnamspozit.ie
•
reaction neversibila # (NU total8)

{
•
comditcidenead-iemAIC.IS armed& 50° look saw media acid
,
-

(1-1-1)

Pt / A1203

2-eoliti (silicatide Al ,
250 -300°C )

>
m -

al came izoalcam

Al clammed£
>
C -

C -

C -

C < C -

C -

C
so rook

£
-

m -
batam 20% izobutam 80%
 Constanta de e. chilibrie (ke)
[izobutam]
Kc =
-

[m -
batam]
[ . . _
F- comcemtnatiarmolara
A
Kc =
% = 4 (izormerizaorea m -
butamueui)

C C PHA1203 C
C C C C C C
izopemtam meopemtam 50%
-

>
- -
- - - -

pemtamul £ izopemtam
}
•
m -

50%
a
pemtam
•
m -

d c
meopemtam
- -

R de isomerizere are
eaaplicatii practice Obst izoacamilorr ,
care

reezista la
detomatii.J2-oalcam-ieseflosescpemtrueobt.bemzimelon
de califate Califatea bemzimelon
Superiore . se
aporeciaza prim
a.Sora octamica (C. D)

If →
Rep pnocemtul rmasicdeiz-ooctamdimtr-umarmest.ec an
M
-

Repton ,
care are
aceeagirezistemj-aladetoma.fi e ca
§
bemzima exarmimata

IZOOCTAN =
2,2 U ,
-

trim etilpemtam c. 0 .
= 100 (nezistemt to detonate)

CH z
h I 4 5
2 3

CHz -

C -
CH z -

CH -
CH 3
I 1

CH CH3
z

puteremicdetomamH@BC.Q
N -

HE PTAN c. 0=0 (

creosote im on dimea

• m-alcamiccidoalcamisizoalcamicaore.me .

☒E- AGEHA DDE DdEeSs@MmPpuu Nm E-☒E- FEE ☒EmileAÉ

1- < 650°C (de obicei 500°C) → n.de oeacare comsta Pm rue

perea

c c alcami-alcheme.ae moi Mio de at de c

-

mm

t > 650°C (de obicei e- 00°C ) → PIRO Liza

?⃝
 Sa

def
pinoliza an loc reactive → aacare

→
delnidorogeonare
R de deenidreogemaore leg C H alchemic aeacelasi made at
nuperea
: -

de c.

Pinoliza rmetamueui (CH 4 stabilpama la 900°C)

2C 1-14 É CH = CH 1-31-12 Cpireolizarmetamueui)

(1200°C)

Cora Canea
pnopamueui

CHzfctt2-CH3-%C1-14-CH2-CHspnop.am metam eternal

Pinoliza
pnopamueeie
-7%

{
CH3- CHI -

CHO CH 4 1-
CH2=CH2 ( cnacare )
eternal
propoem
Ctlz =
CH -

CH 3 1-1-12 (dehid)
☒
Piroiizñ
poiopema

17h01iza m -
batam

CH 3-11-12 -

CHI -

CH3 # CH 4 + CH2= CH -
CH 3
batam
m
propene
-

•care

CH 3-9-12 + He =
cuz
2

eterna

CHE CH CH z CH 1-1-12

gaga
3
-
-

e- but end

, _µ
,
,, ,,, , , µ,
2- bateman

Descormpcemereatoeomica meopemtam DOARCRACARE .

CH z

CH z -
G -

CH z CHU + CH2= C -

Ctb
1 I
rmetam
CH 3
CH z
izobutema
meopemtam
NEOPENTAN UL -
: NU SE DEHIDROGENEAZÑ
?⃝
 Dehidrogemaneameohexamueui.CH
CH3
}
01-13
É
-

C -

CH 2-01-13 H3C -
-

CH = CH 2 1-1-12
1 I

Cttz 0-13
meoenexam

Dehidnogemaoreacataliticaaizopemtamueui
CH zCH CH2-9-13 ¥É
-

H2C=c
-

CH CH > - =
2 1-21-12
\
I

CH3 CH 3

izopemtam izopnem (2- rmetil -

e. 3- butadiene)

Delnidorogemaorealcami Superiore Cm ≥ 6) cuareormatizare

Pt / 171203
Cttz -

(CH2) 4 -

CH 3
pith
>

m hexam
-
/ +
41-12 .

Catlett
bemzem

CH > -

(CH2) g- CH
3++1^-1203>1%1,
/¥3
-

p;t°C /

m
-

heptam +442

toluem

É / 1-31-12
-

ciclohexam bemzem

R.de deschidere a oiclwielorr c. n → 1- <

650°C
→ cat silicatide A1 (
.
zeolite)
At2035 5 02
+%
> Hzc =CH2 + CH2= CH -

CH 3
eternal
poiopema
C. 51-110

☒ EAG.FI Aa ☒ € ⑥☒Ii ☒ARE

Jm neagtiile de oxidate →

cregte.com/-imutul( %) Tm 02 (oxigem)

sscade.com/jimutul (%) im Hzfhidrrogem)

NO .

oreste ( .
mr oxidate)
?⃝
 1)
Dxidareilepaogtiale ate Metamucil (oxidareeablamda)

1. ARDEREA METANULUI ↑N AER

C.1-14 + 02 >
C -121-120
Megan de farm fabricarea Vopselel on +
amvelopelore
2. ARDEREA INCOMPLETE A METAN Uwi

CH 4 + 4202 > CO 1-21-12

at Cami
- ◦
bot Superiore
90£ de simtezau
0b£ metanot
3. OXIDAREA INCOMPLETE

CH 4 + H2O CO 1-31-12
800°C
in

gaz de apt

4.
OBIINERE METANOL

400°C
CH 4 + 1/202 60ohm CH 3 OH
rmetamol
Cahoot metilic)

5.
OBIINERE METAN AL

Oxizideazof
CH 4 +
02400° -600¥ CH 20 + H2O
rmetamal
Cold formica
.

6. AM ONOXID AREA METANULUI

C.Hit + NH 3+3/202 ¥-0K HCN + 31-120 .

2) Oxidate@a akamilorr sup .

la acézigrragi
Alcamiesumtstabili la act agemti/on oxidamtiobigmuiti (muse
•
.

oxideaza at KMm04 ,
K2 Cr207)

Alcamii
sup (parafimce / vaseline
•
) se oxideazacataitic.la acizi

grassi satweati

RICH )-mCH3 2 >

RICH 27mCOOH + H2O

alcam acid carboxilic

superior superior
 C.24 )
sup ( 20
→
ak C la 80° -120°C Tm de KIMMO 4
en der
preez
-

50rem acizicarboxilia.eu onn moi mic de at de C.

R -

CHz -

CH z -

Rs +51202 → R -

COOH + Did -

COOH + H2O .

3) Aredereea / oxidateea total@

Cm Ham -12
+3%+1-02 > MCD 2 + (m + 1) H2O + Q .

Q →
cant de Caldeira degogata la anderea umui MOI de subst

se Masovia em Kcallrmol saw KI / Mol .

1cal =

4,18J .

Puteoeea calories a umui combustibly =

camtitatea de caldeira

3
degagata.ca ordered 1kg de combustibly lichid saw solid son im

combustibly gazes .

•
•
Combustibly CH 4

rragaz (arm . Costs § Cu Heo )

C. 4 Heo

AKEthtIi kAa☒EeAa iiz-OBBUFAANmuulltiicluliizz-OBb.ua#EeNmAI → izooctAN

Cfb
I
fH3
CH z CH + CH3 f- C- CH3 CHS e Cttz CH CH 3
- -
-

>
-
-

/ I I
1

CH3 CH
z
CH z CH3
i 2-OOCTAN .

Rn .
DdEe ☒eE8EHnI☒EeRFe Aa Gii☒☒Ii☒☒ Morticia

+ Bnz CHI -

CH 2- CHZ di bromo
1,3 -

pro poem
FeBn3 I 1
BM BM

+ HBN Ctb bnormwia de

propit
→ -

CH z -

CH z - Br

HO 5031-1
2-9-12
+ -
→ CH -
CH
z

05031-1
?⃝
 + H2 g¥a > CH z -
CH z -

CHS

8 cidobutamul e moi
putimnead-ivdeca-tcidopnopamu.si ma

se deschide Pm necktie or Galogemii + hid nacizii .

+ H2
g^ Cttz -
CH z -
CH z -
CH 3

Uuttii Kii #A☒Ii

•
cormbustibili (CH 4 i CzHsi Cutt to )

•
canbweamti benzine

obj deriv
halogenate
•

• solvent m
-
Gexam

0b£ plastic fibre simtetice

•
Mase ,

OBI sapumwei detergent

•
,

CH 4

{
> combustbit
>
obt deriv
.
.
halogenate
,
0b¥ 021-12 >
fibre simtetice
→
0b£ gaz de apai gaz de sirnteza
,

→
Dbt G) (Megrue de firm)
→
0b¥ H2

SURSE NATURALE CH 4 ( gaz de balta)

gaze maturate (99 % 0-14)

-

de Sandau (ala-Turi de C2 Cu )
gaze
-
-

gaz grrizu
: armestea de CH 4 (cornermane) + aer armestea

exploziv
• BEN2-INA bum solvent ptgrrasirme ; Pm contact imd bemz ,
one
pielea ,

dizowa gorasirmile de la mv1 . rmermb cel IRITATII ; INFLAMATH ; ARSURICH .

• VASELINÑ armestec de akami

sup ; efed-ermoliemt.se Sol la Creme .
ALCHENtemeolefe.me
→
sumt ohidteocarebweimesatweate acidice , ce comtimo leg dubia

PmtoreatdeC.ForrmulaegemeralaCmtt2m@N.E
= I .

• hibnidizare spa
• geometric trigonal &

dimtne 120°
• ¢ 2
leg simple
•
lung C =
C 1,33 A° saw 1,34 At

•
lung C -

H 1,08 A°

•
planet leg It
planet leg T
• legit se real .eu orbit ali
puri de tip p

•
leg dieb.la/=F)muperrmitereotatiaatormi1ore--legdubla-e
RIGIDÑ aparitiaizormerelargeormetoa.ci (cis-trans)
•
alchemelesumtizormocidegemctiume.ae cicloacamii .

• toate aceea.si formulae brutalHum

au{
poeocemtualaf
aceeao.si formulae 14,28%1-1
85,71% C .

• molecule me polacre

☒ Ee Nmuu FmlÉPEA
" "
-

, ,
am →
"
emote

Primal terermem :
ETENA- CH 2 =
CH 2 .

☒ Aa ☒ ii @AaLiii

CH 2 = CH -

Him il CH z =
CH -

CH 2 -

alil .

CH CH Ctb izopropernil
CH 3
preopemil CHa=c
=
1-
- -

1 I
iiz-ookm-ERIIAAakct.IE/VmEek0Rn

izoomereiageoomet.ME#toeeoiz-ormere
>

izormeriaeptica ②
>

→
de Catena

pozitie
→
de

→ de
fumctiume (eucieloalcamii) .

@ Jzormeréa geometrical
'
a)
%
a a #b a =

Bag
g-
'
= a' =/ b? b =
b
'
•
/
'
b b

=
a
◦
' '
trams
'

ais c -
c c.
' ' ' '
b b a
b .

② 52-ormer.ee optical

ie

§
i
d- d c c
/
-

a
- -

I '
f b

EeF⑥ ☒ Ee DdE ⑥
Bb¥iiNmEeREe
e) Descormpumeoeeateoermicaaalcami/ on .

a) M. de cracare (+ < •50°C)

b) n de
piroli -2£ / deenidoeogemaoee
2) Deenidreofalogemaoeea deriv .
halogenate im media basic
,
slab alcoolic
la temp ridicate .

KOH
Ctb -

Cha -

☐
etamol
> CH2=CH2 + Hce .

1- %
cloreoetam
(Kelem)

KOH

{
C.Hog -
CH -

CH 2-9-13 > CHE CH CH 2- CHS

-

+ Hee
etamol
.

/ 1- butema (20%0)
toe
Cl
CH > -

CH -
CH -
CH 3 1- Hce
2- butera (80%) MAS ORITAR .
☒ Ee§uUkAa ☒ ii ☒ A- HIEI im n.de eliminates enalogemulporeia
-

H de la at de c. vecim ,
cel moi sabst .

pnodeesrmajorcitar
3) Deshidreatareeaakooliloor are too
imprezemtade Hanson concern treat

CHS -

C
,Hzᵗ CH 2=01-12 + 1-120

OH
5 6 45 G
l h 1 7
""° " 2
2 3 3

Hf
-

CH z -

CH -
Cha -

CH z -

CHz -

CH 3 >
CH3-ct-CH-CHz-z.CH g
I
a
2-
eneptemao
2 3 4 56 f
OH
CH3 CHI CH = CH
(0-122)-0-3
- -

3-
eneptema .

4) Elirmimare.ae/dehalogemaoeeadoeivdiGaIogemati vicémali im
prez.am
on

rmetale active

CH3 CH 2m 2-Md 2 CH
GHz CH z ctlz
- -
1- +
-

=
.

£ a
el de
2-ima

1,2 didooeopropam
-

5)
Hidoeogemarea alchimelonimprezemtapdotravitaesarwee.de plumb
(Pd /Pb2+ ; Pd / PBSOU)

CH } -
C = CH 1- H2
P+→ CH -

CH =
CHZ
z .

☒ ☒⑥☒☒HEeFAa*i E-I #HEE

stared de
agrregare

alchemy
•
eterna
Cz Ca gaze propemcé
-
:
• .

G- -98 : lichide .
•
l butema
-

Cig -

. . .
:
solid e •
2- butera
(cis-trans)
•
izobaternoa

Ceeloare

alchemele
gazoase + lichide : INCOLORE

solider : albe

Minos

at Cherne NO AU MiROS
gazoase
:

lichide / solider :
Minos caractoeistic
Dems itate

§ alchemic gazoase
<
Gaer .

liehide + solid@
@ aloneme
CfapaGalchem@7fa1camicoresp.Caeacela.si mm at de c) .

Sokebilitate

•
Alchemele muse dizolva imapa .
Acheme -

molecule mepokoee
rmolec
apa
-

polara-
•
Se
dizoluaimsolvemtiorgame.ci (ex :
bemzemstoluem.edu ,
m -
hexam
,

door050rem etc)

Remote de fierebere Remote .

de
tropine
•
oeesc ae oiesterea µ .

p.f.im eazul izormerilon SCADE we

:

narmificaeea
-

ramification Mai
aproape de Margime
-
.

blarmaiap.de Margime

p.f.at izormoueeui cis e Mai Maree deoareceapore patina

pdarizareaacestueizoomer.p.su
's >
p
.

f. trams

P.t. →
IN VERS .

PF aloneme < p 8 at Carrie cidoalcami

. <
P.f.
☒ ☒⑥ ☒ ☒ HEFAAFHEHFHtiic.GE

leg it rmaislab.ae decant legT oreactivitatea alchemelore Mai

• more

R aditia R ate at camion

specifics leg duble consume
-

. .
we
-

substitute
polirmerezarea
-

-
andarea
idarea
 e) R .
dead i tie -

H2

✗2

-
H2O

-
HX

2) R.de
polirmerizaoee
3) R .
de subst alilica
.

4) R de oxidate > totala- / andere

>
btamdacrmediubazi e)

→
emergicacmedieu acid)

☒ EAG.FI Aa ☒ E ☒☒ HATICE Gare alonemelon)

comsta im ruepereacscimdarea) legit forermarea leg - § aditiomarea

>
, a 2

reactamtueui

09° 15!
'

£
'
" 28
C = C + A -
B > _ -

' \
reactant 1 I
substoat
AB
organic -
de oeeactie
l
pnodus

1) Aditi a H2 (ohidrogemaoee) alcami

•
comditii de reeactie → catalizatore Nioptpd

80° -180°C

≈ 200 atom
p

siSTEM ETEROGEN → alche.MG H2 GAZE

,

→ Ni solid

Cm Ham +
H2 emHam -12 .

Alcan
?⃝
 cidoalchemele.NU sumtizormereaealchemele dare are ch
prop
.

asermamaotocoee .

C -
c

11 1-1-12
c

/
-

I
{cmtlam-2.MY
run
I
c -

c c -
c

cidobutema cidobutam

2) Aditi a X2 Chalogemi) derivationalogemati vicinali.

•
comditiedereead-ie.edu

CH 2012

a csuifeoea.de c)

Reactivitateaneactamtilor.desoeegte.im ondimea :

Q2 < BM 2 < Iz .

K
act cel
.

moi USOR

Reactia
eimstamtameegicamtitativa-idemtificareaalc.bemelon
det
gi .
camtitatiua

"

" Apa de broom Brea dizoluat im Cdu .

"
CH2=01-12 + Bri > CHI -
CH z
'
eterna borum l
BR Br
Moss cat
1,2 -

dibreormoetam

imadooe

Efe d- virtual DECOLORAREA SOLUTIEI BRUN -

ROSEATE DE APA DE BROM .

p Apa de door incolor@ FARE EFECTVIZUAL

◦

Cm Ham + X2 Cm Ham ✗ 2
Ccormpusdiesalogemot
xiamal) .

F) (YB
"
_% 1,2 dibnormocidohexam
Bnz
-

c-

→Bn
cicloenexerna
☒ Ee.FI Nm EFI

d) 9m problem@Ie

armestecyakamakhemacakhimagfbarbotatimtn.am
Cee

"

Vas de ,,
a pot de broom Meactiomeaza DOARALCHENA

2) orestereo rmasei vasuki en

apai deBriz rmatchema :
.

3) La aditi a ✗ 2 la alcheme comp .

Balog .
sat on aspect uleios

(de aceea se Mai meanness

defined .

3) Aditi a HX derivati rmomohalogemati saturate

•
oatalizatori Hgcl 2 Cpt Hd) .

Regula Ivi Markov micov grueparrea sale atomat moi vokermimos

aditiomeaza la at de C.
se
participant la leg dubia
rmaisubstituit.SE
eel
ADLicÑ NESIMETRICE LA ALCHENE

Hac =
CH 2 + H -
G É CH z -
CH z
1- %

£1 aide etam
(KELEN)

a-
ÉHeH CH >
-

GH
el
-

cts

2- did
oreopreopam

a- Bn → CH
z
-

CH -
CH z -
CH 3

ton bream we & de

secbutil .

i
CH i CHS CHS
g
→
-
-

CHS iodeoea de feoetbutil

 Sa aditia HBM prrezemta de (12202
im peroxizioorgamia
Sam

R -
O -
O -
R) aditie ANTI -

MARKOVNIKOV
la infamous + cold
Aditi a HBM de Rzoz
/
im
pnezemta are too
\ la
lumina + reece

CH2 =
CH -

CH 3 + HBM CH z
-

CH -

CH3
2
g

Bn 1-
bteormoprapam
BOAR HBIT dot M . ANTIMARKOVNIKOV

Cm Ham + HX → Cm Ham -11 X

atchema derivat
Momota .

4) Aditia H2O alcoolimomohidroxih.ci satweati

NU HIDROLIZA µ (HIDRATAREJ
•
catali 2-atom 1-12504 San acid tore (1-1-1)

ctk-ctlz-H-OHH-C.tt 3- C
,Hz Cahoot primate)
Otletamol

• Industrial

CH 2 =
C.H2 + H -

OH
H3P°"
/AK% CH z -
CH z
70 atom 250%
It
1-131004 acid

fosforeic.CH
→

OH É etlz CHS
CH CH 3
GH
=
+ H
-

2
-
-
-

OH @Kool seaemdaoe)

isopropanol
QH
GHz = C- CHS + H -

OH tCHz -
C -

CH z
I 1 (aland tertian)
CHS CHS

2- rmetil -

2-
propanol
 • Mecamisrm de reaction

CH 2--0-12 HO 50314 +4¥

GHz
+ -
→ CH -

01-1503
Sabat acid de etil

(ester amoorgamic)

→ CH
z
-

CH 2 + 1-12504 .

£H .

DA Um
•
eatalizatooepareticipaesed-ivlaoreact.ie ,
date se
reface

eamtitativlasgansitulacesteia.cm
Ham 1- H2O em Ham -120
atcool rmomoesidroxilie

+1*1*5) Aditi a oxiaciziloor tame ESTERi AN ORGANici .

CH 2--9-12 1-1-05031-1 →
C
,H2
+ CH -

05031-1 Sabat .
acid de
etil .

H 05031-1 → CH CH 3
CHE CH CH z + CH z
-
- - -

T¥ 1050311
C.Hz= CH2 + H -

ON 02 → CH -
CH2
z
1 mitral de etil
01402 lazotat de etil) .

CH 2 =
CH -
CH 3 + H -
ONO CH -
CH -
CH 3
z
I 1

ON02 mitral de -

izopropil .
 REA EIJI A ☒E- ☒☒ kiiAHE☒i # ARE

proceed
→
im care moi matte molecule de monomer se

le macromolecules murmita POLIMER

ago imtree ele foreman nd o .

polirmerizare-POLIADITIE.MA-fn-fm-M.de
.
de

polirmerizare
m =
grad de
polirmeoeézare
monomer
poliomoe

m =µp0limI rmpolirmer
=

rmrmomormeoe 2=1 ◦ ◦ %
MomonOmer

MCH 2=91-12 > f CH z -

CH
27m
-

polietema (MASA PLASTICAT

P E .
.

MCHZ = CH → f CH z
-

CH -1
M
I 1

CH 3 CHS

polipnopema
D. P .
#)
( MASA PLASTIC

☒ EeAaE¥iA ☒E ⑥☒I ☒ARE

e) Oxidaree blanda diolivicimali satweati .

(DIOL =
ALGOL Di HIDROXILIC)

comditii de oreactie KMm04 /

HOKMMOulrmedi.eu
•

bazie

am, , , go,

apoag@KMm0a1Na2C03ReactivBayer.K
Mm Ou :
poermamgamatdepotasiu GARE> agent oxidant .

Na 203 :
eaoebomatdesod.eu (SODA DE RUFE)
?⃝
 Atchema + [0] + H -

OH É DIOL VICINAL .

HO
-

[o ] -

oxigem atomic .

☒i ☐ARE = cedaoee de e-

EDOX .

RIDUCERE =
acceptance de e-

Alenemoi se oxideaza

¥047
CH z CH 2 [0] + H OH CHz CH z
/
=
+ - -

3
-

HO ,
1
OH OH
e.2- etamdiol / glial
ANTIGEL .

2k119m 04 + H2O →KOH + 2mn02 ↓ +

320]
dioxid de
rmamgam
ftp.braem)
(

39-12=9-12+41-120 2k141m 04 C1-12-12KOH 214m02↓

CY
+ → 2
-

OH

solutie imcolore
violet .

Ef virtual = deadonarea Sol violet de KMm0u +

apareitia umuipp .

brum
de Mm02

2) Oxi DA REA al 02 Coxigem molecular)

pecataizatooedeAg
Epoxizi Cetera codice) (oxidareeblamda) .

@Hz =
CHZ +1/202 As >
CH z -
CH z (oxidate)
375°C
eterna
\O/ oxid de eterna

CH 2 -

Ctb + H -

OH → CHI -
CH 2 (hidnoliza)
\ / I 1
☐ OH OH
oxid de eterna
glial
CH 3 -

CH =
CH -

CH 3 +
11202 ¥-7 CH 3 -
CH
-
-

CH -

CH 3 .

or
2,3
-
butitem -

oxid

3)
{
Oxidate emoegica (degradative) 002 + H2O
eetome
acizi cooeboxilici

se rape dubia leg

•
.

•
re . se
folosegte.pt det structure akhemelorr .

dublei)
Cpo-2 .

1-130 Ian 1-12504

+

{ {
Comditii de reactie •
KMm0u / 1-12504 H sale

= media acid .

•
kaoeaotltksou .

C Hz ≠ CO2 + H2O .

R ÉH R COOH acid
eanboxilic.ch
- -

'
R -

C R -
C -

£ 8

2k114m On +31-12504 → 1<2504+3 Mm504 +31-120 +5 [0] .

É imatra

K2 Cr 207 + 1-12504 → 1<2504 + @ 2$04 )z + 41-120 + 3 Co] .

pÉiu verde

-1*4>2002

%}
CH 2--9-12 +620] +2 H2O
1-12504

2KMm04 + 31-12504 → 122504 + 314m50 y + 31-120 + 520]

b- CH2=9-12+12 KMMOU + 1842504 → °4

violet

Ef . visual :
DECOLORAREA SOL DE PERMANGANAT
CH3 =
CH-CH2 +5[0] * CH3-COOH+CO2 + M20
1.3

K2G201 + 4 H2SO4 -> K2SOn +

G2SO4), +4H20 + 3 [0]

CH-CH2+207+4H2SO4 - 3CH3-COOH
3CHy= + 3CO2 FH20
+

portocaliu + K2SO4 +
G2SOnl3
e
verde

Eg vizual:vimajul culori
de la
portocaliu la verde

Ozomoliza:neactin
4)
an Ob(0zom), urmata de hidnoliza=)

compusi carbomilia (ALDEHIDE/CETONE).

CH2 CH-CH3 03 ->

sitin
= +

Ozonerei
CH2 0 =
+

CHy-CH 0
=

+ H202
metamal etamal apa oxigemata.

5) Andenea/combustia

Alchema + 02 -> C02 H20

+ +

Q.

CmHam +
3m/202 - mC02 + mHeD +
Alchemele nu se goloses drept combustibil devarece la

de De
temp. de andere pot avea loc n.
polimerizare. aceea

trib. evitate alchemelon in benzima.

prezenta
REAI iA Dde SSii im
pozitie alilica

·
Pozitie alilica=
pozitie vecim dublei leg.
·
Trb sa existe min um at de Him pozitie alilica

·
Nu toate alchemele dau aceasta reactie
 atchemapoateavea Maxim 4
pozitiealilice
• 0

• •

CH z -
CH z -
C = C -

CH2-01-13
I 1 4
pozitiivea.me doubled
leg
CHz CH 2
• •
1
↳ -

etil 3- rmetil -

heptema
CH 3

1) HALOGEN AREA FOTOCHIM ICÑ saw 500°C [substitute

→
se
face all C.12 Salt BM 2

C Hz =
CH -

CH3 + CI cttz =
CH -

CH 2 + Hce
I
priopema ee

clawed de alil

cha =
CH CH 3 202 -50%01-12=01-1 + 2 Hee
GH
-
+ -

-
CI .

3,3 -

didoroprropemoe .

• • 1 2 3 4 5

CH 3 -

CH = CH -

CH z
-

CH
z
+ Q2 -5% CHI -

CH = CH -
CH 2-9-13
-

Hee

e dono 2-
pemtema
-
-

2 3 4 5

is -

a.+, = @ +, -

et, -

OH,

d
dono
4 2-
pemtemar
-
-

2)Reactia an NBS
compassionomobteormweati
•
Are 10C door n.de substitute

:
/ C -

CH2
@Hz =
CH -

CH , + Bre -

N I > CHE CH -

CH z
\ C I
-

Ctz
Bre
breormieradealil
N -
bnoomosuccirnirmida
°
+
"

,Hz
C -
C
-
H N
\ -

CH 2

◦
succimirmida
?⃝
☒
EeAaG§iiAa ☒Ee Aa LIE#HILA ☒E- Friedel-Crafts a areemelore .

areme or more moi mare de at de C.

→ M .
at Marine de Catena

NU E R .
DE ADITI E P
O

fHz cttz
-

Alas
+ CH 2--9-12 armed@
>
/
bemzem
tilbemzem
CHZ H C C
Hz
- -

[ + CHE CH -
CH
,
É
H2O

bemzens
curmemcizopropilbemzem)

☒Hml@☒⑥⑥☒Ii☒☒☒EAA ☒☒⑥ FEENEY AcricoNitric

CHz= CH -

CH 3 +1111-13 +
3/202 ctlz =
CH -

CN +31120 .

1-%
pnopemo mitral
ACRICO Nitric

A-Lice☒ HkAaRnEeAa
ii-ZOBBUFENMAILULUukaiiz-OBBUUFAANMC.tl
3 fH3
CHS -
Cit + cttz = C -

CH 3*-2%1-13 - C -

CH z -
CH -

ctlz
I 1 I 1

Ctb Ctlz Ctlz CHO

izooctam
2,2>4 toriometil
- -

pemtam
Fini*a-☒i
Alehemele sumtgolosite ca :

etamol
Materia
prime pt obt altar
propanol
→
oenirmici
. .

cormpiesi :
, ,

glial glicerémoe
, ,
solventit acid acetic .

stimulatori ai
procession vegetative
→
.

→ rmomormeri ptobtrmaselooe plastic .

E-T+EeNmA£

→
polietema
→ ctoouvea de etil (Kelem)

→ derivational ogemati
→ oxid de eterna

→
glial -

lichidamticomgelat (ANTI GEL)

\ industria fibreon § Fenelon simtetice .

bautwei alcoolice
→
etamo-imdustra.ae fare rmaceeetica
✗solvent
industria cosmetic

→ doouvea de vimit P V. c.
.

→ accetereaza imcoltireea sermimtelore preeaerm , § imglorcineae

coaceoeeafeuctelonsieegurmelonfoacerefontata.ca
§

Ii @☒ Aall@THENME Cm Ham -2 N E .
=
2 .

/ + H2
cidoenexam .

+ Cl 2 →
1,2 -

didarocicoenexam

+ Hae t-TY-adonocic.IO
-
&exam

1-120-+12%5)
- OH
+
cidohexamol
-

/ +
[03 + H -

OH 1€04
Nazcoz
1-7-04
\- -
☐ µ
to 2- a'dohe ✗amdiol

+
46 ]¥→ HOOC _(Chat COOH acid
adiptic
C Heo + 17/202 → a CO2 +
51-120 + Q
• .

I + a 250-0%1 -1
+ HCl
- .

3 -

dono -
cidoenexema

+ N B S
. .
+
succimirmida
1- % -

Ben
3- bromo -
l -
Cielohe✗end
ALC.tt/:NEkhAcETiLENE
sumt Gidreocanbwci saturate eecomtim
leg triple@ C) imtree
☒
me o =

2 at de C

Formula generala- : Cm H 2m -2

• 14 E-
.
= 2

• enibnidizare
sp

•
geometric limianaldiagomala / coaxiala-
:

imtree 180°
• ¢
leg simple
•
Sung .
CEC : 1,20 Ñ sail 1,204 A°

•
Sung C -

H: 1,06-Ñ soul 1,057 At

•
leg Tse realizeaz-aaeo.H.detip sp .

• legit se oeealizeaza an orbitalipwei (mehibnidizati) de tip p .

•
plamwcile legit scent & umul
pecelalalt .

• leg = e
rigida NU AU IZOMERI GEOMETRIC

•
akhimelesumtizormeridefumctiume.ae :

{
-

alcadieme

cidoakheme

cidoalcami biciclici

Molecule
•
patin polar @

☒ A- ☒I @Aadi ☒ ☒§ Aaimiioiiprovemiti de la alchime

etimil He =
HC = c- C CH 2-
propangil
-

Fi ☒ ④ ☒i ☒Ee iiE-☒HnlERIE

coeternal
de de
fumctiume.eu :
- -

de
pozitie alcadieme
-
•

•
cédoalcheme

option cidoalcarni at 2 cidwei

-

•
☒ ☒⑥ * ☒ I E-HEE
starea de
agreegare

ca1-12 Cs1-14 i butima

l
gaze
:
§
-

, ,

2- butima → C 15 :
lickide

Cl 6 .
. . . .
Sotide .

Minos

/ chime NU AU MiROS
a
gazoase :

liehide / sotide :
Minos eristic
canact

Culoaoee

atchime + Ii chide :
IN co LORE
gazoase

sotide
:
albe .

DemsHate

Pakhi me
gazoase
<
Gaer

Papay
Pakhi me Iichide + solide. <

at chime >
Gal camiareesp .

Pumct de
fierebere Pumct .
de topine

Mari decant ale alonemelon atcamion

g § pt Mai §
→ an
p .

comes
pamz-atooeideoaoeecealchimele.am rmolec .

putim polar
e

p f. .
aloneme <
p.f.aleamisp.f.at chime
crest oeesterea
µ
ae
•
.

im cazulizormerelonp.f.scadeodata.ae :
narmificaoeea
-
•

tripla leg rmaiap.de

marg catemei
.

solubilitateal-F-CI-g.at#-k9P0lane--moieae*po,ana
 ↳H2 dizolva Um volurm apte dizolva 1,7
se
partial imapa .
de

Volurm@acetilemae.comcemtnatia solution saturate GHz im H2O : 0,2%

021-12 se dizolva ft bime in acetone im

,
care se
§ transporta- .

Um velum de acetomadizolva 300 Volume acetilemce sub

apoeox

presume 120 atom

AHEet☒☒Ee ☒Ee ⑥Bb¥HNmEe☒E

e) Dim

descormpumeretermicalpi.no/i-2acHu.2CHy-#HC=-
CHU

CH 1-31-12

Rs :
City % Ccs) 1-21-12 .

de
Megan
sum

2) Dim /
acetiluteade.ca/canbunadeCaCaC0s#Ca0
canbid

+ cos↑
eambomat de oxid de
calcite
calcite
[✗an mestims)
(piana de van, mdotereme

Cao + 3C 2¥ cacz + co
can bid

• Hidroliza canbideekie e
paten mic exotereoma

CaCa + 21-120 → C2Hz↑ + Ca (01-1) a ↓ + Q

acetilema van stims
(kidraid de
)
Ca

3) Dehidno
halogensarea 1,2 diGalogemoalcaoni10M
-

1-12*-9-1
-
CH 3 -

Ctb CH = C -

CH 3

de de de
1,2 did
oreopreopam
-

4) R acetilweilonakalime.ae
'

comp .

halogenate
-
HC = CH + Na HCE C- Nat + 42 Ha↑ .

acetilema acetilwea
MOMOSO died
 +
HC = CTV a + CH3cL He = c- CH 3 .

☒ ☒⑥Pp @☒HartIi EEE

e) R.de aditie

2) R de oxidate
.

3) R.de substitute

☒ EAAG.FI Aa DdEe Aa☒HEHE

e) Aditi a H2

a) Hidno are
partiala- ALCHENE
gem
2+ →
(paladin etnavitae savoir

{
•
comditii de reaction Pd / Pb Cis
de
plumb)
Na / NH3 (e) → trams

HC = CH + H2 PI CH 2=0-12

eternal
-13C Pᵗ -
C = e- CH 3 + Hz CH3 -

CH = CH -
CH3
2- butema (cis)

H 3C -

C= C -

CH 3 + H2N% H3C -
CH =
CH -

CH3
2- butema (trams)

b) Hid kami
nogemaneatotala a

• comditii de oeeactie :
Nisan Pd Sau Pt .

HC = CH + 21-12 CH3 -
CH 3
etam

C -

C= C -
C + 21-12 C -

C -

C -
C
butam

9-12 =
mm
leg dub le

2) Aditi a ✗2 (halogenit deriv .

halogenate
•
oomditiideneact.ie : solvent inert coke .
 He CH +92 He =
CH + ☐2 fl fl
I HC
de
-

CH
a
la di
eternal
1,2 -
di dono

,
1
, 2,2 -
tetradono
-

etam .

Bm BM

tic É
HC = C CHz +
BRI He =
CH CHS CH }
-
-
- -

CC14
1 , ,
bream -
no
§Cat Bor Bfi Bn Bn

1,2 -

dibnormopteopemce 1, 1
, 2,2
-

tetrabromo
-

propoem

Efect visual decolonateeasolutieibrum-ros.cat de

apa de bream .

p Jm absentee solvemtului imaret ,

reaction deceoege violent
, euexplozie ,

we degaiare de caldeira [EXO TERMAT

Nu se Mai form .
deriv .
halogemati
@ 21-12
(g) + Cl 2 (g) → 2C (s) + 2 Hd
(g) +
Q

3) Aditia HX derivationalogemati

comditiide

reacting
•
Hgda eat
pt Hee
-

1- I

•
se
face Cee Hce sail HBM .

ce

HCE CH + Hee É Hac = CH

170°C
+ HCl _ÉcHz -
c 't
1 1

ce ce

cloruvea de vimil I
,
l -
didoreoetam
(CLOROETENÑ) d. de etilidem
(germinal)

Clonereal de vimil

POLIMERIZEA-2.AM
• :
monomer vimilic :

CHZ CH
f )-
=
→ CH z -

CH
de
de P V. C
.
m

Cpolicloroweoedevimi 1) A-
MASA PLASTIC
BM

f- cH3+ H§ &
HC = C -

CH 3 + HBM → Hzc = - -

Ctb

BM BM

2- bromo
pnope.MG 2,2 -

dibocormoprop.am
Cm Ham -2 + HX _ÉCmH2m IX É -
CmH2mX2
+%
deriv .
rmomohal .
deriv .

difralog .

mesat sat
germinal
.

4) Aditi a HCN mitnili

Atflz daeprioasa -

{
comditii de reaction d dear CI)
• :
Ae2d2 ; NHUCE
-

eat .

NHU ce -
et de
too amomiu

HC_=CH + H -

CN NtQCH2=CH
80°C I

CN

preopemomitnil
ciamwea de vimil
ACRILONITRIL

Acmilomitnilul
vimilicpolirmerizeaza.CN
• :
monomer

mCH2=fH
[ Jm
→ CHZ
CHz -

C -

CHS
CN I

CN
poliaoielomitoeil
PN A. .
→ FIBRA SINTETICÑ 2,2 dirmetl /
- -

CMELANAT poropamodimitnil
5) Aditi a CH 30001-1 (acid acetic) ESTERI ORGAN ici

°
HC -=CH "
+
CHz CHz=CH
250°C
① -

H ,

O -

C -
CH3
"
O

acetatdevimil
etamoat de etemil
ESTER

•
ACETATUL DE VINIL: rmomormoevimilic : POLIMERIZEAZÑ

fcttz f-
mcH2=CH → -

CH
I 1

OCOCHZ 0000-13 M

poliacetatdevimilp.A.V-adezivjap.net textit
 6) Aditia H2O (reactia kucerov)-> comp.
NUE
HIDROLIZE
Cambomilia
cetomein
+H-OH
soucCHa=CHM
I
HO ECH -

CH3-cH=a
etaneal
alcoo vimilic cold. acetical
ENOL
↳ ine stabil

so [CH2 Jnt
-
Ho = c -cHb
+H-OH =c-CHe
&'H CHy-9-ct
2-
propared
propanoma
ACETONE

Tantomenizane =
transpositie (IZOMERIZARE
Tautomori ->
sumtiz.defumtime came
difera prim position
uma protone (H+) si a umei
perecki dee.

OmHam-2 +H-OHSOS CoHemO

↳ cambomilic
Compus

REACTliA DdEE
DdliERliEARES #RIMERIiEE
1) R de dimerizane

HCECH
tHCECHHHuO CH2=CH-CECH
ximil-acetilema
ENiNE

·Reaction vimil-acetilema on Hee amat reactive. Mean more a

triplei gata de dubla.

CHz=CH -CECH +Hce ->

CH2 CH CH2
c
= -
=

a -clono-1.3-butadiema
CLOROPREN.
2) Reactii detrimerizane

·HCECH
CeramiceIEII
000 -
8000C

beenzer
3Hc = C -

CH 3 → CH 3

CHS
cttz

tnirmetitbemzem (METI STILEN)

b- He -=CH
1-1-12 .

☒EeAE¥iiAa ☒☒ ☒☒ii ☒Aa☒Ee

1) Oxidarea bland@ •
acid oxalic

•
Ceto -

acizi ⇐ marginata)
•
dicetome ⇐ im imt)

condition de reaction KMMOU / Sol apoasci

KMm 04 / HOT slab bazi c)

eactiv
Bayer .

HC = CH + 4 [0] É HOOC -

COOH
acid oxalic .

C.Hz -
C= CH +
3G] É CH 3
-
-

COOH .

acid
cetopreopamoic
ACID ☐ IRU Vic

CHz-c.EC -

Ctb + 2 [0] c.Hz -

C
-

C -

CH 3

* i
butamdioma

2) oxidaoreaemengica.eu KOH im media puteoemicbazic

(KOH) form cure or Hee

K4i CO2 H2O

CH =- CH ,
Hee
 CH z -
c = c.tl#H-CHz-c00H
Hee ,
CO2 , H2O .

C. 21-12 an de de
puttee calorie
foamte mare
temp de 3000°C

(im 02
pure )

Sa temp de andere are 10C or . secirrndara de descormpumere

a C2H2 im elermemte

021-12+5/202 → 2002 + H2O +

Q (E ✗ ◦TERM
A- )

see .
C2H2 2C (s) + H2 (ENDOTERMA- )
careburne

Cmegruede Seem)

☒ ☒☒ERE

andenea C2H2 Se Sotoseste pttaioeea

→ sudeoea metalcore
§
Gustation oxiacetilemies

DR Cm Ham -2 +

3m€
'
02 → Moz + (M d) H2O
- +
Q
•

☒ Ee A- E¥ÉEe ☒Ee 8613b$#IIFUUIIÉEE

•
door akhimele.cn =
marginata
• dem . car .
slab acid at acestoma

ACID cenirmicoi capabila saw cedeze proton (1-1-1)

•
=
specie um

A- £ 8- St
H -

C= C -
H

D Reagtia we rmetale akalime Cgm I A)

§ alcalimoparmamtoase
(IA)

HCECH + Na -15% He = c- Nat + 421-12↑ .

acetilwea
rmomosodica

He = CH + 2Nd Nac = CNA + H2↑

acetilwea
disodica

CH } -
CECH -1K¥ CH 3- ⇐ CK + V2 H2↑
de
propima
potasiu
 Acetilweilermetalelonalcalimesialcalimo-parmamtoase.su mt
•

stabili im stane USCATÑ Cla

temp obismeee.to)
compo
gi ionia → .

imstabili Sol APOASÑ otefacamd

im
Creeagtcu 1-120
acetilema) .

§
Nazca + 21-120 →
Catz +2 NaOH
bata .
de HIDROLIZÑ

Cacz +
21-120 → 921-12↑ + Ca (OH )2↓ +
Q

:☒iF☆¥iii
SEE ☒IA Aaa
HN03
HC = CH < R -

OH < H2O < An -

OH < 1-12003<12 -

COOH < HQ
at cooli femoli acid . 1-12504
can boxilici ~

acizi
tare .

Um acid Mai tame dezloaeie CSCOATE) um acid moi slab dim

seria acestuia .

He = c- Nat CH } -9-120 Na
✓
t¥=H.
+ CH 3- CH2- OH → +

ETANOL tame

t÷=H
+ Naa →

#¥#¥×
2) Reactive combination Complexe de amore rmetaletnamzitiomale

(metal@ dim blood d rmetale dim

, got seaemdaore B)

REACIIA At REACTIVUL TOKENS :

hidMoxid de diamino -

Ag .

azotat de
Ag ammoniacal

MGB NU E REACTIE DE ☐✗IDO -

REDUCERE (REDOX )

CH C
Ag
↓
-

111 + 2 [Ag (NH3) 2701-1 > 111 +

4N 1-13-12 H2O
CH
a
Ag
-

TOKENS
(SOI imcolooce) acefilwea
de diangimt
( alb galbui)
pp
-

.
 C.Hz -

C = CH +
[Ag (NH 3) 2) OH → CH3 -

C _=CAg ↓ + 2NH3 + H2O

pnopimwea de

aoegimt .

{
Obtimeoee reeactiv Tollems AgNO 3
NaOH

NHS

{
2NaN 03
2AgNO3 + 2Nd OH → Ag 20 ↓ +
H2O +

Oxid de Ag CI)

Ag 20 + H2O + 41111-13 →
2 [Ag (NH 372] OH .

SAU

{AgOH
AgNos +
NaOH →
AgOH ↓ + NaN 03

+2N 1-13 →
[Ag (NH 3) 2) OH ,

REACIIA Al CLORURÑ DE Di AMINO ou (I) / CUP ROASÑ

CH C -

Cee

CH
111 +
2 [Al ( NH 3)2) Cl
Sol albaStora
→ 111

C- An
↓ + 2 NH 3 + 2 NH 4 Cl

el de
acetilwea.de armomiu

dicuprae
(pp

MOS.cat/AcetikereiledeAg-siAesumtcormp-usi
.
brum -

care scent :

→
stabiliimsolapoascelsumtp.p.mu se di2-OWE im

apai ,
sunt green solubiliimapa ,

mu react aeapa)

→ imstabili alto stone uscata

descormpumamdee-se.ae
im ,

explozie ( la Iovine sale imcalziree se des .

terermic) .

Ag Cuz
2.
§ Ae202 NUHIDROLIZEAZA-C.mu react on H2O)

A- H2O ✗
92 Cuz + →

Cee 202 + 1-120 → ✗

• Aceste acetilweirreactiomeaza.eu acizi tani .

Ag 202 + 2 Hce → 2
Agee ↓ + C2H2↑
el de aregimt ( I
]
alb
P.p. .

At2C 2 +2Hee → 2.Aecl +

C2H2 ↑
d. de
pool ( ]
Cee I
.

Reactive acetilemeicu combinative Complexe servesc la idemtif .

acetilemei .

:
☒EeAa@ ☒Ee ☒Nm ☒ENMSSAA☒Ecu
¥☒ coiapusii CARBONicici .

Door alchimele.ae
triple marginata
••

••R . or marine de Catena

CH 2 + Hc = CH É CH z -
c = CH
11 I

0 OH al cool preoparrgilic
CHI +11C = CII + CH z → CH 2 -

C = c- CH z
'
11 I

% A CETI LENA
↳0 OH OH

1,4 -

butimdiol

CHZ -

C = C -

CH 2 ¥¥ CH z -

CH z -

CH z -

CH2¥04
-2420
1 I 1 1

OH OH OH OH

1,4 -
butamdiol

C.Hz = CH -

CH =
CH 2
1,3 -
butadiene
u

Ii Nmlie -
☒GEE#IKE Nm At Hzc = CH -

CECH .

e) HID ROGEN ARE / ADITI A H2

H2C =
CH -
C = CH + H2ˢÉ Hzc =
CH -

CH = CHZ
butadiene

Hzc = CH -

C = CH + H2 CH 3-21-12 -

CH2- CH3
m -
butam
ADiTiAHClH2C-CH-cECH-HC@H_9cH2-ctt-c-eHzMaMK.de
2)

CLOROP REN

2 -

dono -

1,3 -
butadiene

3) REACIIA KUCEROV / ADIIIA APEI

H#>
CH 2 =
CH -

C = CH + H -
OH
1-12504 [CH 2 = CH -

f = CH
]
OFF
tautorm
Cttz = CH - C -

CH 3

8
butamoma

Reactive 2 § 3 amato reactiv. Mai make a =

Gata de =
.

§ La oxidatea C2 H2 § oxidaoeeaximil-acetilerna.se consumer

ace
last volumes de reeactiv Bayer Cal acetasi
. co es la [0 ] )

4) 0×1'DAREA Cle REACTIV BAEYER

CHI = CH -

C = CH + ↳ [0] + H -

OH
1*47 CH z -
CH z
-

C -

Coot
Na 2003
"
£-1
1

04 0

Uuttiieii #☒ ☒Ii 02211--1122

→
sudwe-aoxiacetilemacm.de are dene)

}pÉÉ
→
0b¥ acetal de Vimit
MASE PLASTICE
→
0b¥ doreen@ de vimil

→
0b$ old . acetic

→
obj-aoeilomit.mil#fibMarmelamaCD.N.A )
obj
}p
→
dono
prem
carnivore .

→
obj butadiene
☒⑥ElianE-☒i ☒ Ii Nmiiklicii

[ Hfm
m CH2 =
CH → CH 2 -

A
MONOMER VINILIC POLI MERVIN ILIC

1) POLIETENÑ

MCH2=0-12 →
C- CHZ -
CH 27m most
plastica-
eterna P.E. plasterer

celelaltecomd.de
im 1500 atom )
feemct.de pnesiunri (5- § de
•

fabrication
0b£ polietema polirmeoeizare ,
se or grade dig de

decide
§ prop dif . .

•
e. eetilizata la fabricarea foliilooe Cpumgi ,
sacé , Jolie pt

armbalage) la izolareea cabtweeter electorice , la 0b£ debateIii ,

butoaie tevi
§ conductor Obiecte de

pnotefooeeasupmaf.irmpotteivacoteozium.ie
uz cosmic
,

Am
2) POLI PROPEN

[ CHZ ¥-13)-m t
a Masao plastic
CH2 = CH →

plastormer
CH3

proper@ poliprcopema
•
e
utilizatalaobj-deforamgh.ie ,
comes bemzi adezive,

Solti ,
Cutie , flacoame .

3) POLICLORURA DE VIN IL / P V. C. .

f-
CHZ
plastics
qty
MCH 2 = CH →
-

Masao
'

ce m plastormer
ce
de vim it P V.C.
el
.

•
801ii. tabari ,
+evi , jucooeii.izolareacablweeon.to rmplaocia
ten
rmopam

areticolele dim D.V. C. reezista la act diversion

agemtich.si
•
.

atrmosaserici ,
dare ma sunt oeezisternte la imcazine .
 4) POLIACRILONITRIL / P N A
. .

f- Wfm
MCHZ CH z CH
CH Libra simtetica
= - -

d
'
Crmeiama)
CEN
aocilomitreil D. IV. A

fibneleaocilicepoeezimtareezistemj-armare.la partake
•
,

elastiatate.re2-istemj-alaprodeeseehirmice.NU SUNT HIGROSCOPICE

5) POLIACETATDEVINIL /D. A.V.

[ •-cH#
CH z
GH
mcttz = CH - -

☐ -
co -
CH 3 o -

acetal de vimil P A. V.
.

LESTER)

•
laaerei . ddezivi ,
apneturei textile etc .

• Prim Pnidrcoli esterase dim D.A.✓ ALCOOLPOLIVINILIC

• Zagor .

f- CHI

fcttz-c.tt/6C0CHzm
CH

1-
MH 20
-
+

OH m

poliacetatdevimil akoolpolivimilic
EMULGATOR , ADEZIV
CanaCet
6) POLISTIREN

f- f-
MCH 2 = CH - CHZ -
CH ELECTRO IZOLANT .

I ,

C•H5 C6H5 m

stitrem polistiorem
material electroizolamt

polistinemexpamdatflositlaarmbala.ge
•

Canosabite saw Material

ptpiese degomrmabileg.ca
:

izdatomtemrmic.si gomic .

7) POLITETRAFLUOROETENA / TEFLON / PTFE

É É→fÉE if
F
ekctnoizolamt
m - _

F- F
¥ m

TEFLON
 •
teslomul e imaret la agtiumea agemtilon Chinnici Chian la
,

temp midicata.si meee imglarmab.it .

bum isolator electric ; § Solosesteem industria ch

•
e um .

§ aeronautical , Sab .
vaselore de buc-atar.ee .

8) POLIMETACRILAT DE METI L

CH 3
fH3
f ✗
CH 2 = £ - CH 2 -

c
1 I

co -

O -

CH 3 co -

O -

CH 3 M
meta oeil at de polirmetaoeelatuldermet.it
Meti 1 (POLI ESTER)
'

(ESTER)
↳ stida
omg .

•
patebnizweisgearmwei.pkecide.com , Plexiglas .

Masini aocélice ,
eacevei etc .

stiplex .

9)
POLIIZOBUTENA.CH 3 fH3
M CH
2=9
→
f CH 2
-

f 1- M
CHz
cttz
poliizobutema
•
folosit-aeadepokeaneadeversari.hn de petrol im
ape
Maori me .

AHA⑤E ☒KASS#HEEe

→
sumtpnodeesetehmologice.de simteza im composition camera

intra um
cormpies macromolecular simtetic + atte subst
'

antioxidant )
Cplastifiamti ,
colon anti , adaugate.pt a le conferee
prop sup .

AVANTAJE →
pref de cost scout / Redus

→
izolatoniterermia.si Chinnici

→ iezistemta rmec
§ chirmica

→
prop optice sup
→
elasticitate
 DEZAVANTAJE ANTI (mu sumt
→ PO LU
biodegradable)
→
irmba-tmanmire.ae

→ comdeectivitatea scazcrta Cde 2000mi Mai

scazutade.cat
Ostend)

Clasigicareea maSeton
plastic@
1) Dup a- comportarea la deformsare :

plastoomeri →
pot susoeidesorermat.ie permanente

elastiormeri desireMatei murmai ten mopane

pot Sunseri
→

2) Dupa- comportarea la imcalziree :

terermoptaste → se
imrmoielaimcalzire.si se imtareesc la
Racine

tetermoreigide → muse to
peso
la imcal zine SEPRELUCREAZ#
LA RECE
ALCA☐iENEae-DIENE
→
sumthidnocarebunimesatuteateaadicececomt.im 2
eegdeeble
imtne at de C

Formula generala- : CMH 2m -2

• N E
.
=
2

• molecule mepolate

i2-ormemidefumgtiumeaeakhimefidoakhe.me
•

cidoalcami bicidici

cumulate

{
• diene credible

conjugate
izolatecdesjumcte)
hibnidizaree sp? sp
• :

m=4 > Cutts

sp2 sp sp
2
sp3
CH 2 =
C =
CH -

CH 3 DOBLE CUMULATE

Z
SPZ sp2
2
sp sp
CH 2 = CH -

CH =
CHZ DUBLE CONJUGATE

m=5 → C. 51-18 > 7 alcadieme (imclusiv stereoisomers)

☐+ °☐
CH2=c= CH -

CH 2-9-13 CH2= CH -

CH - CH -

CH 3

C"
☒ ◦ CH
F- °" #2
=
-
=
° = -

" "
CUMULATE
City
CH 2. =
c. = C -
CH 3
I -
C Hz
DUBLE CONJUGATE

@ H2 = CH -

CH z -

CH =
CHZ DUBLE IZOLATE
?⃝
DUBLE CUMULATE →
plamureile leg it sumttumulpe celalalt

DOBLE

}→
CONJUGATE

plamwee.ie/egiTsumtpaMa1eleDUBLEi2-OLATE

DM⑧ Sa diemele ar duble conjugate a

pane 0
conjugate a e- IT

• Cele diva
leg IT sumtdelocalizate pane
a um orbital

molec. IT extims det aditi e 1,4

☒☒☒☒ F-I 2-2-11:@Ee

.

• C. 31-14 ; C. ↳ HG :
gaze imcol one ; imodone

• G-Hs → . . .
:
lickide saw solider

• BUTADIENE :
gaz imcolon

• izop REN : lickid imcolon

• Diemele NU se
dizolva.imapa.jrmdec.mepotato
• se dizolva im solvemti omg mepolarie
scazut)
§ pt scazuti (cel
•
PS .
. Mai

☒ ☒ ⑥Pp Etaiiltrhlii GEE

.

d) REACIIA DE ADIIIE
2) REACIIA DE 0×1'DARE

3) REACIIA DE POLIMERIZARE

4) COPOLIMERIZARE
REACIIA DE

☒EeAaE¥iiAa DdEe Aa☒ii.FI Ee

1) ADITI A DE H2

CH2=C=CHz 1-1-12 CH z =
CH -

CH 3 CH z -
CH z -
CH 3

atema Grind) priopema prop

am
 • Jm excess de H2(Gidtogemaretotala)
Ni
CH2=cH -

CH =CH2 1-1-12 > CH 3- CH = CH -

CH 3
butadiene 2- butema MAJORITAR

cttz -

cttz
-

CH =
CHZ
1- butema MINORITAR

CH2= f- cH=CH2 + Hz CHS -

f.
= CH -
CH 3
2- rmetil -2 butema
Cttz CH ,
MAJORITAR
izopreem
cuz C=CH2
qH
- -

MINORITAR
Cttz
CHz= C- Cttz -

cH3

£+13

F)
e-
+ Ha # F) Ni TY
_ -
1,3
-

cidohexadiemacidohexe.me cidoenexam

2) ADIIIA X2

G- C- c. =C + Baz
#
g- c=c c
-

Bn ton
1,4 di bromo 2- bateman
go %
-
-

c -

c -
c =C

a 113M
3,4 -

di bromo -

I -
butema 10%

CH2=
f- CH=CHz +
Clz # C -
C - C -

9-13 £ £ £ majonitam

f
+202 c -
c -

c -
c

de de de de

+
as -9%1
: eau
>
a-

a--
TI
de .
 3) ADITI A HX

CH 2 CH HBM → zbutema
Cttz
g 1- bromo
=
CH -
= + C -
C = C -
-

BM

(20 % la -

80°C ; 80% la + 40°C)

3-bromo Ibutema
q
C
-
-
C = C -

Bn
↳0% la -
80°C ; 20% Ca +40°C)

4) ADITI A H2O

C. H OH É C butemos
q
=
c -
c = a + -
-

C -
C -

2-
1,4
.

OH

H+→ ᵗi
C. H2 C- CHz + H OH
[CH 2 =

f. CH
3)
-

= -

f-
OH

Cttz -
C -

CH 3

¥
acetoma .

☒Ee AactiiAa ☒E- ☒☒Ii☒Aa☒Ee

1) DXi ☐ ARE BLANDA-

CH 2 =
CH -

CH =
CH 2 + 220] + 21-1 -
OH ¥x c -
c -

c
1
-

c
I
£-1
I

OH OH OH
C.
CH CH 2203 + 21-1 OH d c
2=9 CH 2
-
= + -

c - -
c -

Ho
-

1 1 I
I
CHz OH OH OH OH

PH
F) + 2 [0] + 21-1 - OH >
F)
-
OH

e- -
F- OH
OH

2) Oxi DARE
CAH
ENERGI

00C -

COOH →
se oxideaza la CO2
§ H2O im pne2-emta.de
acid oxalic

{
KIMMO 411-12504

Kya 20711-12504
CH2 CH =
-

CH cHz
=

11[0]04
+

H2SO4
4C02 +3H20

KNmOG
CHz 920] -202 2H20 CHz
4 CH CH2
p-c0H
= -
- =
+ +
+

H2SO4
CH3 ⑥

kNm0Y
CHz c CHz
=
=

8[]
+
- >
3C02 2H20 +

H2SO4

CHE CH-CH2
= -

CH =
CHz +
10 [0] *2CO2+2H20 +H00c-CH2-C0H

EI s[0] Oy,
+

H2SO4
2002 + H20 + H00C-c-c-c0H

3) OZONOLIZA

CH2 CH CH2 2H20 2H202

cHz
-> CHz + CH
CH 203 + CH +
= +
- +
= -

↓d
11
0 0
~
ald.
some. glioxal

4) ARDERE COMBUSTA

CmHam (m 1)H20 Q.
n
->
2 02 mc2 -
- + +
+

REAG,FAG DE POLIME RIZARE.COPOTAERIZAR

Doan diemelt duble
conjugate aceste
reacticprim
·
a day

adifi
1,4 => macromolecule filigome/ poliner caucinaura
1)Reactia de polimenizance
m CH2 CH
= -

CH CH2
=
> CH2 -CH CH-CHztr
=

butadiem polibutadiem
GNUARE
↳ ARE TZ.GEOM.
1z.GEON

CH=
-CHz -GECH-ctre
<

0-
mCHz CHa
=

izopmem poliizophem
↳ my are it
geome ↳are iz gean
 ·
as-POLIZODREN:caucusmatural (elastomeri)
loucac poliizopnemic

CHz
H CH3- H CHz., t
Y c
=
-
c c =
~

e C =

CHz CHa
-
CHz -
CH2/ "CHz -CH2/ -
CH2

as-poliizopiem
·
thams-pollizopham:GUTAPERCE -
Compus matural
clipsit de elasticitate)
NUEELASTOMER
CHy CHZ CH3
CHz-CH -6 CH2 4 CHz CHz cc
G
CH2
G
- = - - =
= - - -

↑
H
H H

gutapenic
CHz
-CHz CH2)
-
CH CHz CH-
q
= -
=
-

M
a
polidonophem
CmElonoPRengeom Lauciuc
Sau NEOPREN
policonopmemic)
are
iz.georn.

fCHz
mCHu CHz Hy-
p q C
c
=

c
= - - - -
=

I
CH3 CHZ CHy CH3 M

poli-2,3-dimetil-1,3-butadien
primal cauciuc simfeticl

Condita de polimenizance initiator

mmme

·
catalizatoniTidy (Asthad detitam)

Al(C2H5T3 triatilaluminiu

No metalic

2)
Reactia de copolimenizance
down de
n. de
polimenizance concomitant tipuri dig
- >

macromolecular
monomerica opumacompus semuam.

M. de
copolimerizane.
 mXA +

myB
-

f(A()B)m
m =
gn de polimenizance

--> map
molar alcelona monomerci

I'm structurale copolimaralue, restumile fim

pot aranjanment:
ALTERNANT(1:1)- A-B-A-B-A-B simetric.
- >

->
DEZORDONAT- A-A-B-A-B B B intemplation
-
-

mX CHu CH 2H cHu myCHz

9Ht
-> EH CH CH CHzx(CHz
cHf
= = - -

-
-
=
=

butadiema
CN

acculonitral
cauciuc butadiem-acuilomit.
(Couciuc BumaN sau SKNI
↓
insolubil in alcami

)ete CH2)x)CH2
pH]m
mXCHz CH CH CHz -> CH CH
my CHz
pH
- - =
= = - -
- + =

butadiam
CH5 CoH5
canouc butadiem-stimemic
Leauciuc Bumas saw
CH3
canomat
mx CHz CH CH CHz myCHz i CHz CH 2H- eHz(x)CHz
close
-
= = -
= - + -
=

C6H5 caucirc butadiem--metil-stinemic

S-metil-stinem (cauciuc Bumass saw canon

1500)

->
mXCHz
G myCHz CH CH CHz mz
etkz CH
+ =
= + - =
=

CN butadiem C675
accilomitral stinem

f)cHz pH(i) CHz p tzm

CH CH
-CHz)+CHa
-
- > - - =

CN
C6H5
Canciuc AB.S.

DC exception is -
(consin
poliizopremului matural celelatte sure t

SINTETICE.
GAWElUC

Cancius matural

S
poliizopmem (demumninel
·
ais -

(C5H8/m (some molecularial

idrocarbur

·
Se extrage dim ambonele de caucus sub Somma delatex
(dispensive
coloidala). Aceasta se
preseaz => CAuciuc NATURAL BRUT

Saucial matural brat: slab-galbur; iNSOLUBiL in;ap

3
·

alcool

acetoma
·
Sauciucl matural brat se dizolva im:+ bemzem
↳ Sulfur de C

↳ bomzine,
·
Caucus matural disolvat
in bezima:PRENADEZ
(adeziv)

Dais-pollizopment bamzima=
+
(solutie)
premadez

·
cauciual matural elastic:sub act.umei . exterionce;are prop de

as
lumgi de 7-8 oni (a 700-800%

caucival
·
matural a elastic in intervalul de temp 0-30. Paste

30se immode (devine lipicios), subots cristalizeaza (dexime casanet)

·
cauciual matural one tendinita accentual de imbatramine dat

autooxidation
a
leg duble => DEVINE
SFARENCOS.

Inconveniente caucusmatural ·
BENZINE
SOLUBIL IN

·
iNTERV DE TEMP. IN EELASTIC
CARE

0 -
30C

·
ACCENTUATE
iMBATRANIRE

Aceste inconveniame sunnimlaturate prim VULCANZARE-adang

umor cant mici de sulf(s) 0.5-5% la counciucal matural imcalzit

=> CAUCUC VULCANIZA

 So form punetide sulf-c-s-s-c-intre macromoec candiucula

in special in
positic abilize.

Caucus vulcamizatics
poliizopnem S(0,5-5%)
· -
+

->
mue
plastic
->
a elastic in interv de temp -70- 1400. +

->

Noe solubil im aidnocamburi (imsolubil in benzene, bemzima, toluem)

->

are stab. Ch. mai mane =

creste resistenta la imbathamine

existent la rpene
a main
Siabmaziume Care more
->

Rez.may
seen

·
Caudvalvi
vulcamizat i se mai adauga:

megrue de fume (c)

-

oxid de zimc
-

antioxidant

Camilima,
acceleratori de vulcamizane:AMINE dimetilamimat
-

NH2

Fo amilim CH3-NH-CH3 dimetilamina

*Canciucul SINTETicesupus aceluias" proces de vulcamizance

adaug, camt. micide

EBONITA:as -

poliizopram + camtit. more des 25-40%S

↳ ·
produs dun, rigid, lipsit de elasticitate

·
me a elastomen

mezistent
·
a mec.mane

E
plop.electroizolante FOCOSIT IOLATOR
CA ELECTRIC.
·
OFINZARNADCADENE

1
·
obtimer cauciucuri industria de
anvelope
-

benzi transportance

carele de transmiss
-

izolane cablurielectrice

fabricane adeziva (PRENANDEZ)

-

anticonozive.
protectic
·
CAUCUC BUNAS: celmar potnivit in gabricanea de amvelope.

·
NEOPREN:nezista cel mai time la oxidane
(Sata de cel matural

· CAUCUC BUNAN saUSKN: transponful produselon petrolience

(insolubil in alcami).

STRUCTURA ELASTOMERULU DENUMIREA PROP. SPECIFICE UTILIZARI

-CHz -

CH CH
=

-CHztm cauciuc ·
elastic. Midicat
but adiemic
rezist.
· In oxidane.

tCHu CH CHzt m cauciuc rezistmen sup

-c =
- ·

rezist. 1a:solvert,
donopnemic
·

produsich, oxidanti.

-CHz CHztm ale

E
CH -

caucus ·
phop
-

asene. cu

izopnemic caucivclui matural.

#) (1 CH2+x)CHz
- -
CH CH
=
-

CH2]]m cauciuc ·

prop
asemanators
butadiem-cuale candiucului
CH5 stimemic matural
obt amvelopelon.
·

#) *CH2 xCH2 -

CH CH
= -

CH25y]m canauc
·

prop asemamat.

CsHz butadiem
S-metilstinemic
as all

mat
carcical

obfanvelopelon.
·

E)
SH
-

TCHz
CH25, -

CH CH
= -

CH2)ITM carcius

butadiem
onez.

mecamice
(a solicitari

C=N
accilomitilic ·
la
nez temp
mai midicate
·
rez la imbib.
a uler.
=) CH2
-H
a)CH2 -CH CH
CHaLCH2-aHE Cancius
-
=

m accilomiti) -

buta diem
stimemic
(A BS)
-

obt balajelon
·
am

It alimente, patane
· castide protective
etc.

#) CH-4
txtCHz
CH3
-
* CH-CHztyFr cauciuc ·

impermeab
butil 1a aeM
CHz
obt amvelopelor,
·

a
minglion etc.

OBTINERI IZOPREN

DEHIDROGENARE OPENTAN

G203
CHE-CH-CH2-CHZ CHz
p
CH CH2 2H2
->
=
=
- +

5500

CH3 CHZ
izopnem.

OBTINERE BUTADIENE
1) NETODA LEBEDEV:DESHIDRATAREA
SIDEHIDROGENAREASIMULTANA
· a etamolula
zm0
2CHz -CH2-OH CCH2 CH
=
-

CH CHz
=

2H20 H2.
+
+

etaneo buta diem

Calcool etilic)

2) Dim CH2 CH2O (old gomical

) +2H2
9Hz Hc CH CH2 CHz CHz ->
+
= + -

C EC
Ni
-

11 1 1

O ① OH OH

CH2-CHz-CH2-CH2 OYS CH CH
=
-

CH CH2
= + aH20.

"H OH
buta diemo
 ENERGICAA
OXIDAREA CAUCUCURILOR (KMmOuHHISOn; K2 G2OF
H2SOU)
·
POLBUTADIENA ICH2-CHCH- CH2tM

CH2 -CHFCH -

CH2+CHz -CHFCH -

CH2-CH2 -CH = CH -CH

=>
HOOC -

CH2-CH2-C00H
acid butamidioic
lacid succimid.

ICHz CH
-OTCH
·
DOLIZOPREN -

CHz
-4 FCH CH2 -CH2
-GFCH) CH2 -CH2 -q FCH-cHz.
- - -

CHz CH3 CHz

=>
H00C-CHz-CH2 0
p
-
=

acid n-ceto-pentamoic.
CHy
#RENE HIDROCARBURI ARONATICE

->

sumthidrocanburacecomtine celputim um mudleu anomatic (benzenial

·
primul tenmenal series BENZEN-CSHG
-

H Sokm molec
I
<< 1208
&
--

Hsau III
C c
-

H -

say
I
H
-
C d-
H
&
↓
C

↑
·
Anemele NU sumt hidrocarb. mesaturate.

· Anemele sumt hidnocamb. anomatice

cels at dec sunt units into-um Rexagon regulat

prim leg simple
·

De at de ce legal cateumulde H.
giecame

Molecula bemzemulvia Ceii at sumtcoplamari

·
plan.
· K
leg simple:1200
· Libridizance dec:sp2
at

· ceis at de Ctertian
C:

·
lumg C-C:1,397
·
lumgC-H 1,097
:

· N.E 4.
=

· Sagiecance at de a exist cate um Limtr-um

der orbital de tip p)

SecT(p) se umesc imfr-um orbital molecular extims, mameit sextet

anomatic

· celes leg πsuntdelicalizate

PROPRIEFAFGARE CONEIRME SFR. KEIULE PROKERULE

1
· Formula mokalana:CoHo Somme.breuta:CH

Matomic C:H = 1:

-
M. Masic C.H = 12: 1

Some procemtuala

3
92,3%c
-

7,7%H

· Ceis at de H sumt
echivalenti (cele o sumtech) => existenta
pozitic

uneui
singure derivate mono substituiemt.

Part Ian H2 (vi)

3
· de adifie adifia
-

aditia X2 (ap)

· Part Ia r de ozomoliz

E1 +

303 3H20 +
-> BCH -

CH +

3H202
11
O ! apa oxigemat

v il in CONFRADIOYE
PROPRIEFAFGAREE O STRIKENNILEE

CONTRA
KEKULE.

·
hexagon regulat

·
lung leg inthe at dec:1,39
· da M. de adifie grew

· da M. de subst.uson

NU
·
polimenizeaz
· NU adifiomeaza:apade brome, H20, Hd etc.

· No se oxideaza o
ag. oxidanti obismuitt

CKNmOuIHO;KMmOuIH2SOy; KzGzO7 (H2SOU

mila mucleu
·
Existenta a 3denivati disubst. (in 100 de 5 cation prevede forme.
Kekule)
* A

-B
-
Ta
-
B #
onto met a B
(1,2)
(2,3)
pana
(1,4)

Benzemala stabilsimaisamac kcal

·
man in em on 30

->

Sata de 1,3,5-cidohexatriemaipotetical

·asigianene
reemomuceene
AREME MON NUCLEARE

a ch catem lat structurate5 gam OmHams N.E=4

toluem (metilbemzem) etilbamzem

CHz CH3-

CH3 & C7H8 1

It #]
①

CH3

EcFaHy ECMLCHy #it

0-xilem
m -xilem p-xilem

CH2-CH2-CHZ
[ CHG-GH-CHy
FT
- III
propilbemzem
izopmopilbemzem
CUMEN
b. oh mesaturat
catena lat

CH CH2
=

CHz-c CH2
=

Fil
- -
STIREN #I
Cvimil- bamzem) 2-metilstinen
(semil- eternal 2 -

Semil proper
Lizopropemilbenzen)
-
OMOLOGI CmH2m -8 N.E =
5

CE CH

El semil-acetiler
C8H =>
S.g. CmHzon -
10

Letimil- bamzem) N.E G.

=

ARENE POLINUCLE
ARE

ac mucket condensate

4
I ·gene. CmH2m-12

iFi -e
mastalem CoHs >

Imastalineat N.E 7.
=

S mai reactiv decat p.

FFF
I
1

y =
.
1x
5

aretracem
-X- - 3,5
7

Semamtnem

m
C
C14/10 ->
icommerci 1.9. CmHzm-18
-

N. E = 10.

Pozitile as10 sunt mai neactive.

 b.ch mucleeizolate.

3 3
#X- disemil CHio

9.9. CmHzm-14
#
↓
8 XCH2 *disemil-
N.E = 8
-

metam 913H12

#X- CH2-CH2*12-difemil- etam catter.

k= -

CH -

CH3

* 214414.

1 H
x
1,2-disemiletam

· Radicali provide la ameme ARIL (AM).

1. PROVENIT DELA
BENZEN

·
MONOVALENTI
·
DIVALENTI

ET EIIE
&I saw CH5- semil
o-gemil m-semil p/gemil
2.PROVENT DELATOLUEN

·
MONOVALENTI => 4

CH2

IP Ects
-

EII saw CSH5-CH2 SP

bamzil o-toil m-toil poil
·
DIVALENT · TRIVALENT
-
CH- CHz= -d -

EIsaw E benzilidem
E bemaim (bemzilidial
 3. PROVENT DE LA NAFTALINE

EIFEI EIF
2-mastil B-mastil

SUBSTITUENTgregati peCoHs.
Ordinal I ->
activ mc anomatic (vit. de n. mane)
↳
exceptics -

onto
orienteaz in
sipara.
-

R(alchil): -
CHei-CH2-CH3, . . . .

-
x
(halogen): -
Fi -Cli-Bri -
ii DEZACTIVEAZ

CH2 Cei ce
-
- - -

OH (didnoxil-Semolli -

Osemoxid)

CH2-OH (idnoxil -> alcool).

-
O-R (eter)

NHz (amina primana)-NH-R lamina sea

-
N-R Carina tent
R
-

O-C0-R (ester)

(amid subst
NH-CO-R

#
-

CH CH2 =

-
CoH5 -

Semil
·

OndimulI ->
dezactiv mudleul anomatic (vit micas
deM.mai

oniemteat in meta
-

NO2 (mitro

SOSH (acid sulsomic

-

CH 0 (aldezida) (cetomal
c
- -
=
=

m
GR. CARBONIL

C00H lacid camboxilia

-

- cP Lester)
O-R

cP(el.avida; - cx Camida
-NH-R
Lamid subst).

Lambid.acida
p-0-g-R
-

C= N (mitril)

Cels
-

NH3+Cannomiu); -

NRzt
Acesti subst gregatipe mastalima (legati)
·
ORDINULI
oniemteaza peacelas, mudleu, in cala posities.
·
ORDINUL I
oniemteaz nucleu, in
pe celalalt cellate positic.

PROP CHANGE

A.
REACTIA
NUCLEU M. de subst
mu

·
M. de adifie
·
M. de oxidance

B. LATERALE
REACTT LANA nde subst

·
M. de oxidane

CAREACTil
REACTIA DE
SUBSIFUE carac.aRemelon

CATALITICE > Compus;Galog. anomatic

1. R. DE
HALOGENARE

Catalization;FeCly sauFeBMY
mmun

·
AIC sau AIBME
Sacizi sevis

·
sau medic acid Ht

·
HNO3 (ptiz).

Fo]+ eeEed,
-
+ Hee. VI

donobemzem

(d de Semil)

CoHs +ded3 CoH5c tHO.

25+20z c
Fz1
=
03
at
+

1, 2-dielonobemzem
12
(d) de o-gemilem)
14-dialonobemzem
(dde p-Semilam)
X1>V2
CH3

pSp+
1

a 2ce AC, + H2e.

1
+
⑥
- ->
-
donotoluem
d
2-

(c) deo-tolil)
↳-clonotonem
Idde p-tolil)

NO2

7
-
BrmEBMB
+

Ow
-- Br
+

HBM.

mithotoluem
m-bromo-mitrobemzem

a is:benzemal
·
readiesin cond main emergize.
1 12+
+

aFi)+ Hy

iodobemzem
Cioduna de geneill

⑭ + 2
Alcz
0 F+paNG T
2-dono-mastalem
14-didono-mastalem
d

#TT+
EIFEFate
=
1 ady Alas, e

1,2,3,4-tetralono-mastalem
↳produs final de reactie).

REAGTIA INFRARE mitmodemicanomation:

DEE
·
se face an amnestec sulfomithic -> HNOs lacid azotic)
Comestec mitramt
HaSOn (acid sulfuric

1 +

40 -
NO 104, 7 N4
-
H20
+

Va
acid azotic

mitrobenzem
NOG

compus
1 toxicminos de
migdale annamei, esamta de Mimban"

F10 T
- NO2

10))
# NO2
-

10 -

10 H2SOU
-

H20 1-
-NOs Xa NO2 NO2
Vz
13-dimitrobemzem
1,3,5-thimitrobemzem
V1)Ve/V3
CH3

283 Nx EI NO,
H2SOU

2H0
+ -
Notnsop +

-
V4 o-mitrotoluam
No
toluem 2

p-mitmotolnem
->
zcNO ->
H2SO4
2H0-NO2
2H20
20
texton Xy V1) Vz > Vz
vo
-

>

I
2
NO2
2,4-dimitrotoluem
2,4,6-trimithotoluem
T. N.T. (trotil)

·
Nitramea total a toluemulu
CHZ

H2SOuNOGsINOR
I

#T 3H0 NO ->
+
-

+ 3H20

No 2

T. N.T.
(explozibil)
Sa momomithane mastalima seobf DOAR2-mitro mastalim

#Fy +

H0- Non 03 INEP Hax

+

2-mitromatalima
↳8-mitromastalem)

B-mitpomastalim se oh
pe car indirecte
NO2
NOC

1
ETE +

H0 -
N0 383 ITE 15-mitromatalima
CMAJORITAR)
NOz
NO2 NO2

ETTIas-dimitromastalima
CMINORITOR DATORIA
iMPIEDICARTI STERICES
CH3 CH3 CH3
CH. -p-CHy CHz-'-CHz CH5-c-CHZ
-F0 FN
Fot +2trtitan
0
+

2H0 -

No2. +

terbutilbenzene
emergize
and enour
C0H
de C0H
-

To+
1

TOT
H2SOU
Ho-No ->
+

+Oc
120
- -TNO2

acid bamzoic
acid nn-mitrobamzoic
Fo+ wH0 NO

ASONOs e
-

+ 3H20

gemol
2

2,4,6-trimitrosema
ACID PICRIC

[explozibil)

REAGINADE SULIFONAREacizi sulsomic

(acizianil-sulsomic)

·
M. e Revensibila -
·
se
face a H2SO4 concentrat

·learn
(Haso.;sop
trioxid de sulf

F0]+ H0 -

S03H
acid sulfuric
popH H20
+

acid bemzem-sulsomic

POsH 503H
=p0bH -SOH
(30)

10 500H
+
-
915) · I
-
SOsH SOsH SOoH
acid nn-bemzam-

disulgomic acid 1,3,5-bemzem-

y trisulsomic.
((t+
-
H0 susH =
-

TFsOSH F81y +

2+20
+

toluene
acida-metil-
bemzemsulsomic (0)
sOcH
(p)

· The meastia de sulfomance a compusilor anomatic, meastamfule

dim
SO
comtimut im oleum sau
obfphim descompamenea H2Soy
sol concentrate

a HaSOn SOs +H3O++HSO4

-

trioxid de com
com sulfat acid.
sulf hidnomia

17 +

S8 posH
-

acid bemzemsultomic
EITE1 +

H0 -
SOBH=EIFPT+ H20

acid a-mastalemsulgomic

#on 19027 120

acid B-mastalemsulsomic

REACTA ARRCHiLARE
DE Friedel -

Crafts CUNRMAT MARE

ARENE

DE AT DEC.

·R. de marine de catama (segonme omou legc-c)

·
Alchilanea compusilor anomatiase face on:

· R -

·
Crutam (alcheme)

·
R-OHimg.
a Alchilonea ouR-X.

PR-X sa my fie ou reactiv scazuta, cade ex:

CHz

cH.E
=

&
Anuaizatori Alda (amhidrida) ADE
FARA

sall

medic acid (H+):H2SO4

0 chy-ce*,
+
TAB
-
+
Hee.

toluen

Reactivitatea CtCs><p

ToT CCINU
+
REACTIONEAZE
-
~
formo solutie(aestec omnogen)
TOT
--
CH3
+
-

9H
-
CH3
ADB
CHCACH THE
->
ce
CMEN
coran deizopropil
izopiopilbemzem

#] Hz
+
-
ai c2-

a
B
CApcArctAce.
CUNIEN

CH3

F cHz
+
-

qH
- CH23, CH5-c-CH3

CH3 C
I
ToT+
--
He.

corr deizobutil tertbutilbemzem

etty CH3

2Fo
CH3
2CHace
+
8B
T'7CH3 E
-
teAce

e-vilem
CHz
p-vilem

3 ToT +CHcly
83
(8)
-
CH-
1E)taHce
X doroforme
x
101 1
-

trigamilment am
CHz -
CH2

2/+cts at -

T Tte
-
re
-

1,2-digemiletam
b. Achilanea a alcheme

NUE
R. DE ADITE

3
⑥

conditi
· de reactie ·
Aldumeda /2Do unme de apa

·
modic acid (H) H2SO4

HyPOU/Kieselgum;2700
acdssonic
 CH2 -

CH3
1

#] CHz CHz
+

eter
=

> π
->

etilbemzem

REACTIE
MECANISM DE

AC +

3H20 AlCOH) +3Hce.

CH2 CHz
HC-CH3-CH12
=
+

ce

clorean de etil.

CH2 CH3

10]
-

CH3
aHz 1
+
-
-

re
+

↑· Use catalization participal ejective la meastie, dai s meface cant.

lasoacestia.

·
un catalization muse consume (toometic siemecesan in cant.

mic.
CHzHP-CH3

10] CH2 CH
+
=
-

CH3 < ] ->

CUMEN
CH3

CHz-c-CH3
# HoPOulKieselugu>
I

To
CH2 p
+ =

CH3
- 2700
Cty -

tentbutilbemzem
CHz- CH3
CH2-CH3 CH2-CH3
2(0) ICH2 0Hz,
2cHz CH2
+
= H203, -

CH3 +

CH2 CH3 -

2
CH2CH3
↓

CHz CHZ -

1,2,4-tretilbarzem
c. Alchilanea a alcooli

Fo+ CHa-OH 0yI

-

--
ep +
H20

CH2-CHZ
1

I CH3-CHz
+ - 0H#0410T
->
H20.
+

REACTITAN DDE AGGILARE Friedel -

(comp.camb].
Crafts => CETONE

·
conditii de reactie:Alda saw medic acid (H +

S
· so
plate face al
->
acide
coruta R-cod

->
amhiduide acide (R-C120

· radical acil
R-p-oil
· M. Our marine de catem

p
0
CH5
=
-

FT CH3
+
- 150 -
17 + Hee.
7
ice -
↓ deefamoil
semil-metil-cetoma
c) de acetil acetosemom

C6H5 -c 0

To+(Hz
=

1(* 3.
L

To
-

-> -
C +Hee
-
d de bemzoil
disemilstor
bemzogemoma
C N.E
LC0H5I2C
g
=

T0
·
CHz
+
-
c+ CHz p
-
0
=

03
n

[]
-

CHz -

i0 CH3 200H
+
-

amaidhid acetosemon
acetic

(CH3-c
CHz-p-0-p-CH3
sau
 II CH5-CNS
SSHRCC6H5
I
+

-60H
CoHz -

c- acid benzoic

am. benzoic

(CoH5 -CO20

CH5CHz p
0
- =

ToT
->
+
CHz -cHz -
"
c
Ald
->
ToT nce
+

-a ->
a de
propamoil etil-gemil-cetom
proprioSenoma

CHz CHz
To] c p
0
- =
-

0Hz CHz ⑭*
[2
+

+CH3
- -

-
--

=3
-

CH2 -

80A

CHz CH2- acid propamoic

-

ama.propamoica

-Ap +

2CH3 - 21
ice
AppCHs +
*P
->
+ arce

c. de acetil o-metil-acetogenom
q
-
CH3

p-acetil-toluem
CHzc 0
=
p-mctil-acetofeme.
1
P0
CHz
=

ToT
⑥

--
+
eHz -

2e 43, cH
+Hee

acetosemon
q
-

13-diacetil-bemzem

REACTIAG DOE ADDITIE

1.
Adifia H2 (hidnogemane)

(direct mois

EI+ M
as a
3Hz
,
170-180 --
cidiolexam
 CoHo +3Hz coHes

EIF CH
OCFTHT,
Ni

Ni,
TYT 180*C
1- -
mastavm
tetrafidnomastalem decaidnomostatem

TETRALINA DECALINA

C C
C10H12 N.E =
5 C10H18 N.E =2
anema mononuclear cidloalcam biodic
a catama lat sat cdlic
No are:1. are it
geom geor

·
Hidnogemanea total a mastalime

EII 5Hz
+

TYTT
-x

decalim

↑Tathalima sidecalised
Natalina adifiomeaz
vicide
some

He
utilizate can distants
·
carburamti

· mai uson decat benzemal, dar

mastalima are can anomatic mai slab decat bezemul.

2.
Aditia de x2

adifia
->

C2 saw Base face:- FIE FOTOCHNIC (28)

->

FIE TERMIC(+0C)

E
1 3
+
-
5-7 0
4
2,y
1, 2,3,4,5,5-fexadono-didobexam

H.C.H.

·
Tzorenul F(gamia)al HCH-Whise muneste LINDAN sau GAMEXAN

sau HEXACLURAN. EI se
gaseste in
prop de aprox
13% in am
final.
se solosest can insectical (LINDAN)
 BM

EI+ ,Bry
- Br

3Bn
BRITBr
BM

1,2,3,4,5,6-hexabnomocidlozexam

REACTIA BE ONMDARE DE NUCLE

·
BENZENUL SI NAFTALINA mu se oxideaz on agentoxidantobismniti

(ex: KNmOu, K2Ga 07)

oxideat in cond emergize cata. de

·
BENZENUL SINAFTALINA
se on

1205 (penoxid de Vamadiu) is temp ridicate.

#I can anomatic scade an

aestemea mm.mucetion anomatice.

FIsEITEI
=
6 scade

CELNAT
can aromatic

PRONUNJAT
>

CoHs:can aromatic promumiat ·

SUBSTITUTE: USOR

·
ADITIA, OXIDARE:GREU

ANTRACEN:can. anomatic slab => ·

SUBSTITUTE:GREV
·
OXIDARE:USOR

F1 c:
-GH
1205;50' CH -

9100
+
-
2002
-

-
H20 - -

x
acid 0

am. maleic
maleic

HOOC-CH=CH-C00H as:acid maleic

acid butemdioic ↳
thams:acid Sumanic
lacid 1,4-butemdioic)

stabil la imcalzine
instabilla
H (NU FORM. ANH)

t H00C, ↑H
imcalzine

↑
c
cooH↑
L
c =
eC=

->
/
Hood H C00H

acid malic acid summaric

lacid cis-butemedioc lacid trans-butemdioic)
FTH 9kO2535
EXFCSTA # EITC
-
+

2002 -

->
-

HaD

acid static ama. Stalic

200H
I
000H co0H

Tox
Tc0H
-
acid static
XCOH

acidizostalic
F
lacido-Stalic) lacid m-stalic acid terestalic
instabilla to
lacid p-stalic)
m
STABILI LA INCALZIRE
(mu gonnamb)
·
NAFTAGNA
se oxideaza usor
mai banzemul
decat mai
(temp
mica)
·
ANTRACENUL So oxideaz uson
mai on K2G207/CHSC00H.
⑥

z
⑭ 355
+

knanP
ITIE to re

amthachimom

KICM207 +
8CH3COOH-2 CH3COOK +2(CH3C00s G +uH20+ 3 [0].

#z 12G287 8CH3C0H
+
+

->I
1:1:8.
⑪
+2 CH3COOK 2
+

(CH3C00KG 5H20
+

-
vende

acetat de crom

ANTRACENUL OXIDA SICAERSICAT: 1205, 3000.

·
SE POATE

##7
hi.
BEST
A
+30. + H20
·
OZONOLIZA BENZENULU

#1 303 3H20 3t

3eH aH
+

+ - -
+

etanediol
(glioxal)

REACTIA DA CAFENA LAFERALE

1.
Reactio de
logeefotochimica (substim poz.bemzelical
·
Pozifie mzilica:pozitie verima mc anomatic

poz.bemzilia
·
Trb s existe celputim atom de Him

CH3 CHz -
c
1

T
-
+ d2 TOT -
Hee
+

toluem c. de bemzil
(olono-gemil- metan)

Fay+ pH
21 - - c

2c
TT -
2H
+

a de benzilidem
(didono-semil- metam)

-(*y+
①1
(1 -

c -
c
7

yck + otc

-
a de bemzin

(hidono- gemil metan) -

d
21
⑭H2-CH3 i
"H CHz a cH3
-
-

T0
-

-
42.71] 049H
+

17
->
etilbemzen
↑-Cono-1-Semiletam 1,2-didono-1-semil
etam.
d

CHz-H-CHy

ci
CH

1 c
+

HCe
curmen
2-dono-a-semil-propam.
REACTIA DE O*IAIDE LA CAFENA RAFERAILA

a. Oxidakea o COs sau solutie slab bazic de KMmoycetome

·
Trb s existe at de H in politic bemzilica

CH2-CH3 o ctz
p
-
=

To 2(0)
+
-

[0] +

H20
v

acetogemom
(Semil- metil-cetomal

3 3
b. Oxidamea a
·
KMmOn/H2SO4 itC

·
K2G207/H2SO4 itC > AGECARBOXILC IN GENERAL

·
O2/V205, toc.
·
Trb s existe mimime at deHim pozitia bemezilica

mucheul find
·
se oxideta la catemalat protejat.
CH3 100H

101 3(0)kzaz, T
1

->
saul acid bemeoic

7,pt
CH3

"
# 3/202
+
(205-
to
-
H20
acid benzoic
CH2fCHZ
7
100H
To + SosKMmO< [T +2120 c2 +

- H2SO4
-
etilbamzem acid bemzoic.

CH25CH2-CH3 C00H

F] 520)Amo
+

o c3 Got
+
-

acid
to end

propil-bemzem acetic

CHof cHf CH3

ToY gs
-
Amos +

FR 1
282 3H20
+

cunem
 ToCB
X- CH3

0-vilem
s[0]
+
O,
-
toC

2H20
Tc0H
-- C0H
->
-
H20 ETP -0
10.
acid
am
static
⑥
Stalic

[0c
c+13

Ec7
-

30a 335, 10 3H20

+

EIF1 +

1/202 055390700H
-

3H2O C0H
DEI
a
cpalic d

F((p
C00H ama. Stalic

#mp>
[o'to
6(0)
+

e
I

CHy
p-vilem acid tenetalic
CH 3
L
CH. c Cty
- -

ToNU SEOXIDEAZE
->

tentbutilbemzam
C. Oxidanea amemului
(a presumes temperaturaltod
- o-0-H
CHp-CH-CHZ CHz-p-CHy

FI 0
+

010+ az -

q
-

cumem
hidnoxiperoxid semo acetoma
do cumem

d. Andereal combustia/ oxidanetotala (Ia to ate anemele

CoHs +15/ Oz-SOs +aHzO Q +

C7H8 + 902 ->7C02 +4H20 +a

CmHzm 3
302 - m(2 +(m 3)H20 0
-

6
+ +
-

↳ anema momoneuclear
 ALFE REACTIT
· DEHDROGENAREA CATENET LAT SATURATE

CHz = CH2

Fatz- y, ToT 1

+
He
-

Stimem

CHz-CH-CHy CH5C CH2

=

1220m[-] Ha
+

S-metil-stirem

·
Polimenizanea stimemului

CHzCH
=

187 C2 if
- m
->

stinem -

polistinem
·
Copolimenizati
->
CH2 CH -CH CH2 my CHz pH
mx
= =
+ =

CoH5
stirem

E) CHz CH2/TCH2
SHF m
CH CH
=
-
-
-

cauduc buma S
CH3
CHz CH CH CHz mycHz c9 ->
= =

mx
=
-
+

C6H5

EICH2 -CH CH
=
-

CH2),TCH2 -

An
cauciuc bumaSS
·
Reactic deadifie la catama lateral
BA BM
7
CH CH2
=
CH -

CH2
1

To -
Brz
+

<

apa
de
E
stirem broo
⑥

cH I

EECHr
c= C
-

L 1

ToT 19syy, e
H 0H
1 ⑥
+
-

semil-a cetilema acetogemona

emomstabil gemil-metil-cetoma

CH -cHa a -

pH cty
-

* Hce z, -

I-dono-gemiletam

PROPRIEFATFIZICE
1) Stane de agregance

anome lichide incolone

mononucleane=

areme polimuceane solide, cristalizate la temp

2) Miros caract.

3) Solubilitate

dizolve in apa-molecule mepolane

·
mu se

organiamepolani (ac.lichide
dizolva in solvent
·
se

BENZENUL SYTOLUENUL- sunt bumi solvent organiamepolari

↑ CsH5 cancenigem (se
goante toxic, eject cutamat
abs
prim piele)
-

4) Demsitate

Paneme mononuclease putim <H20.

Paneme polimuceane putim

>H20.
5) P+/P8
·
hidreocamb. alifatice

·
cess a
crestened r
EXCEPTIE

p+CoHs
( 5,5x)
+
p
+THc).
6) Anemale polimudeance condensate de sublima
an
prop a

thecenea dim Jaza solid direct in gaz gazoasa la imcalzime

· An eject conceniger
①FiLEARIARENE

BENZEN -
Industrial colonamti

-
industrial medicamentalon

-
dizolvamt

stiem -> cauciuc simtetic

↓
mase
plastice
-

obt parfumuni
-

obt insecticide
-

detergenti
TOLUEN
-

industrial colonamfilon
-

industrial medicamentator

-industria explozilon
-disolvanti.

NAFTALINA
-

Industrie colonamfi

mastoli

totalima decalima => dizolvant

 -

insecticid
-
ma
media

dezimjectart
-

mase
plastice
-

Produce metabolize

toluem inthat in oxideaza la cat lat

organism se
->

him
protemta amer'emtime pres in ficate
-

AdD BENZOICIse elimina prim unima

BENZENUL <mU oxideaz
sin prezenta acceleias: emtime
-

se

a
capabil s
produce in ADN => Toxic
mutation (cancenigem)
iDEN NAFTALINA

FoRNPidan,the
100H
SEELIMING URINA
PRIN
CANCERIGEN
INUE
-
acid benzoic

⑰ ⑥ NU SE OXIDEAZR mutati
in ADN - CANCERIGEN
-
bemzem

=>
TQUEN amaiputim toxic decatCoH6.

1 Benzemulateanoma Java catemalat CANCERIGENE

 ALCODLI

sunt compus organicice contin cel putim o

gn Gidnoxil (OH) leg
->

de um atom de a
participant (a
leg simpler (c Libridizatsp?).
·
Formula gemezala R-OH

04sp3
Ht0-
· structure

dH1090
1050

leg polan
intramolec

O -> are a
penecti (sau pet dee-mepanticipantsit in of detip sp3
->
hibridizat sp?

O
IX sumt POLARE.
- C - Hegcovalente polame-> moleR-OH
I

CLASIFICARE

a.
dupa MR gr-OH:
->

momozidnoxilia

and
->
polizidmoxilia

hexitoli:SORBITOL; MANITOL.

b. dup matura catamei hidnocanbomate

->
alcool alifatic: -
SATURATI

NESATORATI

alcoolanomatic
- >

C.
dup matura at de C.

alcool priman:gr-off leg de up,

->

so um

- >

alcool secumdan:gr-ohse leg de um as

alcool tentian:gn-ohse leaga de uma Ct.

->
iPURTDE
# iZDERN
·
de catema

·
de politic

3
0
·
geometrica
STEREOIZOMERI
optica
·

\
·
do fuctime an eteri

comp. Carbomilia

comp. camboxilia

estemi etc.

IEFONE DE OBBINERE
I. DIN HIDROCARBURI:

1. ALCAN

400°
CH4 +1/202 -> CH3OH
soatia
metamol

2. ALCHENE

·
adifia H20 (mue hidnoliza)
H7
H-OH
CHz CHz
CH3-GH2
=
+ -

OH

·
oxidane blamd => DioLi

CHz CHz =
+

[o] H
+ -

0H
AMOUS CHz-CH2
OH d'H
glicol.

oxidanea
O2/Ag, de aidoliz
·
ou unme

&blamda)
H-OH
CHz cHz
=

1202
+

90CH-GHz ->CHz

OH
-
CH2
1
(250-4000) ① OH

oxid de eterna glicol.

(metoda industs
 3. ALCADIENE

·
oditia H20

CHz CH CH CHz H OH CHz CH CH

CH2
=
= + - - -
-
=

0H

2-butem-1-0).

·
oxidane bland

CH2 CH 290] CH OH BY CHz

CH CH2
pH qH
+ CH2
=
- -
-
- + -
=

I
OH OHOH OH

3 staredzomeri

# HIDROLIZA BAZICA R-X

CHz-Ce +

H-OH CH3-OH +He.

CH2-CH2 +2H-0H CH2-CH2 +2HBM.

I|
BM BM OH
I
dH
glicel
CH2-ce CH2-OH

EII +
H -

0H +

+ Hee

d de bomzil alcool bemzilic

III. REDUCEREA COMP CARBONILiC > alcooi

primani secundati

CHz -CH =
0 H2
+

CHz-CHa-OH
etamal etamol.

IV. HIDROLIZA ESTERILOR ORG

CHz - c40 + H-0H<CH3-100H +CH3 -CHz-0H

10-CH2-CH3

SADONIFICAREA
GRASIMILOR.

Grasime NaOH
+ CHz-OH
1
Sapumuni
+

CH2-OH
1

CH2-OH

glicenima
#. OBTINEREA CH3-OH (alcool de lemm)

dim gaz de Simtez

·

CD 2H2
~
+

EmO;GzOypCH
metanol
t

de
gaz
simtez

·
dim
separanea acidului pinoligmos (obta distilanea uscat
a lemmului

3
ACID PIROLIGNOS CHOH (1-2%)

CH3-200H (10%)

acetoma (0, 5%)

#. OBTINEREA CH3-CH2-OH Letamol)

·
aditia H20 la eterna

CH2 CHz H- 0H
=
+
O4, AlO3 CH3-CH2-OH.
250°,75 atm

·
genme alcoolic a glucoze

CoHOstrmardim G CH2 -

0H ae↑

bene
glucoza

↳
2
oxidant anaeroba (Sana aen)

emzime dim
ciupena:Sacchanomyces crvesial.

# READIA ANINELOR PRIMARE ALIFATICE OAGDUL AZOTOS

=J ALCOOLi-primari

2 -

-
secumdati
tertiarci

R-NHz HO-NO-R-OH
+
+N24 + H20.
acid azotos alcool azot

sau

R-NHz NaNOz +
tHce -> R-OH + Na+H20 + Nace.
azotit de
sodice
 #II. SINTEGA GRIGNARD.

CH2 =0
CHG-MgCe ->
CH2-ONgCe S Ha-OH
+

metamal C+13 C+13

N9 C0H.
+

CH3
CHz -c 0
=

CH3
+

-MgCe ->
cHz -

c-oMgce +H-OH
->

CH3 CH3

CH3
&

CHO-P-OH +MqcOH.
CH3
tentbutamol

TZECE
PROP

eeg. fizice
↓
dispensive
3 VandenWals.
·

Isorite fizice) dipol-dipol

leg intermoles de H
area mai
putenmical leg fizical
imtre moles de alcolise real
leg (pumtica)
· intermoles de Ha

80.4 j..
R -
- · 7

leg intermolecde H.

Aceste leg intermoles de H detla alcoo:

PJs ptridicate
->

- >

temsiume superficial (de supraf) mame

->

vascozitate more.

AUTENSTUNE
SUPERFIGALA MARE -

H2O

R-OH
-

R-COOH

·
Alcooi lichiziader a penetic command
vasului am menisc

(atomita temsiumi superficiale mani

· AlcodiiSommeaz asociatic
moleculance detipul (R-0H)m
-> lichizisi solizi

· Im glicenim coezlumea dimitre molece manmake decat

In etamol =) glicenima one vascocitate si presume super

man make decat etamolul.

·nea
de
agreegaree
LicHizi: CH3-OHiCH3-CH2-OH; Cs;Cy. lich. Vascoase
glica glicenim

solizialcool superioni ex:hexitoli (solbito).

b. NROS
m

ALCOOL INF: mimos. canact.

CH3-OH:miros uson dulceag casi etamolul

CHz-CH2-0H
ALCOOLI SOLIS:iNODORT

C.GUST
mu

ALCOOLINF. MONOHIDROXILIC: gust

AREATOR

dulce.
ALCOOLI POLIHIDROXiLiC (ex: glicenima;dexitoli):gust

# METANOLU) -

muse
gusta, est toxic, doza letal 0,15g1kg
CH3-OH (metamol) mue
propriu-tis o otnava, a

produsi in came se trans la mul gicatului sumttoxia

anigems
F0
atty-bH -> toxi

CH3-OH in mic
cant atac my optic
> ORBIRE

ANTIDOTUL ->
p imfox c metamoe ETANOLUL
num
 ridicate decanece inthe moles de alco
&PER sunt
real intermoles de H
so
leg
cxz
-00.....
-

a p. 8. CH3-OH:650

H CHz CH3-CH2-OH:780C

CH2-CH12-CH2
1 2910C
oohoh

minsp.cesc
odata crestered r on

odat
cestered gro
->
o my

odat
->
a
crestered mat dec

culizomnenilor
namin duce la scadered
p.8.
->

pg. alcool primean>p.8.alcool sec> p.5.alcool tenetian

->

7 p.8R-OH <pgR-COH conesp.

mobilitate
Alcolise dizolva in apa ptc inthe moles de
alcoosapa
so real leg intermoles de H.

et3-0.........
-
0..... .-
j
7 CH3

solubilitated alcoolion: aesteoucestered magnoH

2
in
apa a ->

->

scade a chestered mnatdeC

Alcooiimissibili
apa (se
a dizolva im onice preopl

S
-

metamol -

glicol
m

etamol -

glicenim
m m

prcopamol
-
Tinctur:solutie in come solvertale etamolul.
mu ma

ex:TINCTURA
DE IOD:Ts in etamol

A tinectuna de propolis:DIZOLVAT INETANOL

Alcooisup (mr. mone do de

at
paste 10 sunt practic insolub
m

in
mon
apa Acestialcooi se dizolva in
solv.ong polarsaw mepol.
8. Demsitate
m

Palcooli Papa putime mai mic

galcooi ghidnocamb conesp.

*TANOL ->lich.incoon;volatil; a minus

specif (uson dulceaga
CH3-OH toxic ptong. unam (doz let 0,15g(kg).

P8650

↑TANOL lick incolor,

->

anzator, minos
gust specif (uson
CHz-CH2-0H dulceag
p. 8.780
->

toxic in doze mani

④EROL-lick on consist simopoasa (rascoasa), imcolonia,

CHz-CH2-CH2 O
gust dulce

inAmamnslecdetp.8.roo ent
I
ofohofreal leg
-

NH2.

④ -> lick incolon, or just duke

CHz
CT2
-

O'H OH
ToxiC (INANTiGEL)
P ROP CHIMICE

I. CARACTERUL AD

·
Alcoolii al caracter SLAB Aain dem de reaction on metale
mmmu

alcalime (gTIA);metale alcalimo-paramtoase;Al (metal

parnamtos)
ALCOOLii-neact.c Na; KiNg;Ca;Al

NU
->

react on NaOH, KOH.

NU
->
iomizeaz in solapoas
No
->

(Semotaleima,
impressioneaz ind, acido-bazic
turnmesol].

Acix=cedeaz (H +)
protomi
R-OH Na-R-ONa+ +12H2↑
mo

alcoolat de Na
calcoxid de Nas
·COMPUSIONIC.

R-OH/R-0-
iON ALCOLAT
(baz com; a alcoolui)
ANTON

CH3-OH Na- CHg-ONa+ + aH24

metamol memtolat de Na
Coetoxid de Na)

CH3-OH / CHz
-

0
-

mentolului LION
baz com; a
MENTOLAT/METOXID).

CHz-CH2-OH K
+
-
CH3-CH2-0
+
+12H24
etamolat de K

CH2-CH2 +
Na-CHz-CH2 H24
+

Nat d'Nat
I 1

OH OH

glicol is-etamdiola disodic

2 CH3-CH2-0H
Ng
+ -
(CH3 CH20)Ng
- +

H2

Aciditated alcooion

[
· ·

create a
destemea mn
gr-OH
·
scade a-crestan at dec
-

Hanif.

·aloslizomaniasoe
eek.0Htertia
↑ Um acid maitake scate (dectomies an acid mai slab dim

samea acestuia.

CH3-8-Nat CH3-CH2-OH
+

me
-

XANX+(55(****
SLAB
4ane

CHE-OH +
H3C-GH-OTNa+-CH3-0Nat cHz c- 0H
+
-

tane
CH3 ~
izopropamo
SLAB.

senia aciditati

HC = CH<R-OH CHIDCHCOGAR-OH< H2COB<R-C00H <

ioM semol acid

bicarb. careb.

sacid poric R_SOBH <

HNO3
HCe
R-OSOzH H2SO4 Acizi↑

TART

CH3-0-Na+ HCe -> CH3-OH Nace

+

take slab

CHO-ONat + Ha ->
CH3-OH + NaOH
take slab baza fame
 Alcoolati
·
(alcoxizitzeazanson, on mefaceea alcodui

sigon, unesol on can

m
bazic

CHz-CH2-ONa+H-OH -
CHS -

CHz-OH + NaOH
mono amoun

take slab

( a bazelon
Seria bazicitatic conjugates
R-8->H0>COn-> AR-OJR-C0'> NOZ
-

C C>
=

a
2
-

SO4
SLABE
BAZE

·
he cat an acid a moi slab, ou atat baza li
conjugate mai

taRe.

·
aidroxide (HO-
Amiomialcoat (R-Ot pot deplasa comic dim

apa
Exerctiu:
manu
So thatanea uner so apoase de alcoo on Nasank.

CH3-CH2-OH Na-CH3-CH2-0Na+ 2H2.

+
+

H-OH + Na -> NaOH +1GHz↑

GidRolide

④3
Apa neat mai violent or No decat

alcoolul decarece H20 are can acid

mai
putemic alcodul
decat
alood

·
Alcoxizii (alcoat) react
a R-X = ETER:

CH3-OTNa+ CH3 -ce>CH3-0-CHy

+

+NaCe
diretilater

CsH5-CHa-0Na+ + CH3-c- CoH5-CHz-0-cHy

benzil-metil-eten
CH-0Na+CH2=
CH-ce -> NU REACT.
a de vimil
REACTIV SCAZUTA

⑭ADE DESYDRAFARE

·
e reactie de ELIMINARE

1) DESHIDRATARE INTRANOLECULARA- ALCHENE (Im gemeral)

comditi
de reactie .
mediu acid -
Acizi MINERALTARI
nee
Camorigamicil
↳ ex: H2SO4; Hapon (acid Josjoric

·
Al203; 300
-

400°C

·
Se rupe leg s-0; se form. O mouk leg c-C, mu emarine
de catemal

↳descregteen:
R-OHsecumdar R-OH
tertian >
primar
↳ se deshid. cel mai usor
9
c - S -

legcea
↓

maislaba
OH
->
REACTIV CEA MAI
MARE

Nu toti alcodi se

CH3
deskid. imtrauder de ex:

CH2-OH
CH3-OH:
metamo
CHy-iee ·I
meopentamol alcool benzilic

H2SO4 95%
CH-CH2 ->
1750
CH2=CH2 +H20

OH

CH3-CH-CH2-CHatDY

3
CH3-CH = CH-CH3 +H20
2-butema

-
OH

CH2CH-CH2-CH3
=

-butema"
-
-
 CH3
20%,
CH3
-
c
I
-

CHz #84 CHz

c
=
-

CH3 +H20

OH CHg

tentbutamol izobutem

&
clo Puccisessi7
CHz-OH tout CH2
-> 11
<-
CH
I
c 0 =

propermal
glicexima emol
ACROLEINA

2) DESHIDRATARE INTERMOLEMULARE
- ETERT

↳
deterificance
·
coud de reactie:H2SO4;camtanic

·
Toti alcodi
part (a aceast reactive (se pot destid intramoled
CH3-OH +HO-CH3 CH3-0-CHB tHaD
diretilater

2 CH3-CHa-OH CH3-CH2-0-CH2-CH3 +H2O

dietilater

CHS #S CH3
pH-CH3
CHB-CH
2 - -

-> H20
⑥H

CHz-CH-CH3
diizopropileter
Eterni sunt subst stabile; util,
casolvorg.
·
se

·
Eterna seobia Mandamente mai bume dim alcoxizi

(R-8-Nat) si R -X

R-O-Na +R-X-R-O-R +
NaX
 Race slice
2) ESTERIFICAREA
ORGANIC=esteri
among
acizi minerali

·
se face an oxiaciziTARi H2SO4; HNO3

R-OH +
HO-sOgHsR-0SObH H20
+

sulfat acid
de alchil

Acesti R-OSObH neat

an NaCK) saw NaOH (kOH)

R-OSObH +NaOH ->R-0SO5Na +H2O

alhil sulfat de sodiu

CHbtCHatg CH2-OH +HO-SObH 2% CHa-CH2l5CHz-OSOgH

-decame sulfat acid de
↓- decil
(NUE
DETERGENT)

+NaOH
->
-H20
CHy-(CH2) CH2-0SObTa+
decil sulfat de Na
DETERGENT ANTONIC

R-OH +

HO -NO2 = R-ONO2 + H20

acid azotic mitral de alchil
CAZOTAT DE ALCHiL

NEUTRU
R-OSObH:ESTER ANORG., CU CAR. Acid.

R-SND2:ESTEM ANORG.. a car.

↳ mu react au Na, NaOH

⑧

CH3-OH HO-NO25CH3-ONO2
+

+ H2O
mitnat/azotat
de metil
trimitmat de
↳red gli - TNG
glicerol

CH2 -OH CH2-0-NO2

CH-OH + 3HO-NO2
↳84
come H-O-NO2 +bH

Ciz-OH I

CH2-0-NO2
 FN.G. mu e NITRODERIVAT

T. N.G. e um esten amongamic

imcolon extrem de instabil

TN.G. e um
nios explod

guson la imcalzine
me
saw la
e
miscare

T. N.G se
descompute prim autooxidane dat comt. more

de O2

TN.G. e subst de baz dim DINANITA

CTNG im amnestec de Kiselgun -

amester de panamtwei
absorbate)

DINAMITA- TNG +KiSELGUR

Procesul de fabricane al dimamitei a

gost pus la pumct
de

Alfred Nobel

Explozia T.N.G
(fana aport de O2)

(NObl3 +6N24+024
-H204 Q
4 CbH5 +

e
4 moliTNG 29 moli EXOTERMA
gaze

E
4...... 29

X =>
7,25 moi gaze la explozia umui and T.N.G.
=

....... X

E
T.N.G (mitmoglicerimal se utilizeaza ca ->
explozibil
->
in boli
medicament
de imima.

a)OBTINERE
ESTERI ORGANIC

a) Esterificanes esteni organic

an
aciziorgamici
-200H)
(R

R -
co M
+

H,2504, R-CY +

H20
OH 10 -

R
esten amongamic
188:RADIOACTIV

O"dim aloo a lost marcat izotopic a 0;s-a obs ca.0"dim

alcool se
negaseste in ester.

Deci elimimanea H20s-a fact astgel:

E
>

OH de la acid

-
H de la alcod

REACTIA DE ESTERIFICARE E:

reversibila (NUE TOTALA) --

->

comdemsame
->

->

substitutie

-> acilare

-> im cataliza onnogemals;neactamti si catalizatorl) sumt im

acceas;jaza-aceeasi state de
agregate.

Definitie
R. de condensane eo reactie in came 2 molecule se combina

pt a
forma o molecula mai mare, elimimand a molecula

H20
mic (de-obicei

E
·
Sammie se
gasesc:ESTERUL
ADA

Bor
Ht
AciD+ALCOOL
>
ESTER +H20

K=constanta de echlibrul

Lester]. [H20] [...] =

come molecularia

kc =

[acid]. [alcoo]
 O 0

CH3 -c + CH3-CH2-OH CHy-c" H20

+

'OH I

acid acetic 0-CH2-CH3

cetamoic
etamolat de etil
Cacetat de etil)

kx
[CH3200C2H5][H20]
=

[CH3COOH]. [C2H50H]

Dac

S
0.56 moi esten

Initial):
mol acid
=>la echilibr
1 mol alcoo 0.56 moli H20

0.33 moli acid

0,33 moi alcool.

k 0,66
=

2.2
=

=)k 4la25°C.
=

0.33.0,33

kc depimde de TEMPERATURA

Ramdarmental esterificari: m66,66%

=

Daca se introduce initial anestec echimolecular de acid

si alcool (1:1) =>la echilibre

be
(19250)

Echilibri se
poate deplasa spne dneapta (spice form de

ester comform de Chateien.

principiulai
lui

maninea umnia dimtre reactanti (reactivil

->

come.

AciD sau ALCOOL; de obicei se goloseste ALCOOLUL im exces

->
miesonanea concentratiei umvia dimtre produsi de

reactie; se scoate dim vasul de reactie umul dimtne produst;

de-obicei se
imdepanteaza prim distilane produsul cel

mai volatil:ESTERUL
 CH3-CH-CHCH-CH2-c
0
CHy-CH2-CY +

OH I

OH ! -

CH-CH3

CH3
acid
propanoic izopropanol
propamoat de
2-propil
<propiomat de
izopropil)
H- CY
0
CgH5-CH2-OH
-
< -H -
c
'OH 'O-CH2-CSH5
alcoo
acid metamont de benzil
benzilic
metamoic (formeiat de bemzil)
(Semil-metamol)
(80mmic)

CH2-CH2 +2CHy-CY* > CH2-CH2

1 -OH I I
OH OH D
0
I I

0C =
c 0 =

I I

CH3 CH3

CH2-OH
I O H+
CH-OH +

3CHz-CH2-CH2-c" -
I
OH
CH2-0H acid butamoic

glicend lacid butiric

(glicerimal

CH2-0-c0-CH2-CH2-CH3
I

CH-0-co-CH2-CH2-CH3 + 3H20
I

CH2-0-C0-CH2-CH2-CH3

12,3-tributimil-glicerol
tributima (grasime)

3
b) Esterificane coruric acide

E
au
ESTERI ORGANIC
=>

amh, acide
Reactia e TOTALA
ne
(inevensibilal;deci decurge a mandament

mai bun.

CHy -c - CH3-OH -> CHy-C He

+

O -0-CH3
ade acetil acetat de metil

CH3-
- CH3-CH2-OH
+

-> CH3-c
CH3-COOH
+

-
CH5
Co
-

CH2-CH3 acid
acetat de acetic

amh. etil

acetic

REAde XiAet

1) OXIDAREA
BLANDA ->

compusi cambomilici

E
·
se
face a K2G207 /H2SO4

2/300's (metale imcalzite)

alcool priman=) ALDEHIDE

·

·
alcool secumdar ) CETONA

· alcool tentian > NU SE OXIDEAZE

BLAND D

Oxidaea blanda a CHy-CH2-OH (TEST DE ALCOOLEMIE)

CH3-CH2-OH [0] K2G207> CH3-CHI

0 H20 1.3
+
+

H2SO4

eyesoresonaasoulstotheene
me

-
e
etamol
etamol
cold acetical

3: 1:4.
MIROS DE MERE VERZI
7
-043
+
CH3-CH2-CH2-OH +
(0] K2G205 CH3-CH2-CH 0
=

H20
+

H2SOn
alcool
propamal
propilic

CH3-9H-CH3
+ L0] KR25 CHy-c-CHy+H2O

OH !
alcool izopropilic propanoma
(acetomal
CH3
CH3 \
I
K2G207,
i + 20]
H2SO4 I
+ H20.

-OH To
ci cit
CHB -CH3 CH3 CH3
metamol
metamoma

c -

c -
C + 3[0] K2Cr207> CH -

C -

CH +
3H20.
H2S04 11 Il
1 I I1
OH OH OH 000