Republic of the Philippines

CENTRAL MINDANAO UNIVERSITY

College of Education
Graduate School Program
University Town, Musuan, Bukidnon, 8710

June 30, 2023

Student: VICTORIANO A. GAPAS JR.

Instructor: DR. RAUL ORONGAN
Program: Master of Arts in Language Education (English)
Subject: Statistical Methods in Educational Research (EDUC254)

PROBLEM SET 4
INDEPENDENT t-TEST
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Use the six steps hypothesis test in analysing the ff problems.
2. Submit the summarized result and the outputs after analysis. (TURN IN THE
GOOGLE CLASS IN PDF)

PART I: SAMPLE EXERCISES

INDEPENDENT T-TEST

1. The performance on an achievement test in a beginning computer science course

was administered to two groups. One group had a previous computer science
course in high school; the other group did not. The test results are below. Assuming
test scores are normal, is there a significance between the achievement test of the
two groups at 0.05 level?
Group 1 35 34 38 27 33 34 41 28 26 34
(with) 26 35 27 36 37 39
Group 2 12 29 16 22 23 19 21 12 30 23
(Without) 25 19 26 24 25 27 17 20

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Performance on the achievement test

IV: Group 1 (undergone com. Science course in high school)

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: There is no significant difference in the achievement test scores between the
group with a previous computer science course and the group without a previous
computer science course.

HA: There is a significant difference in the achievement test scores between the group
with a previous computer science course and the group without a previous computer
science course.
 C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05 LEVEL FOR
SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
Independent T-Test because we want to compare the means of two
groups to see if they are statistically different from each other.

E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS ( USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL

SOFTWARE)

SUMMARY TABLE/S:
VARIABLE / GROUPINGS MEAN SD T- PROB
VALUE (SIG. 2
TAILED)
GROUP 1 (WITH) 33.12 4.8
6.6 0.00
GROUP 2 (WITHOUT) 21.66 5.2

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since this P-value is lesser than our desired significance threshold (P<0.05), we can
reject the null hypothesis which means that there is a significant difference in the
achievement test scores between the two groups. If the null hypothesis is not rejected,
it suggests that there is no significant difference between the achievement test scores.

2. Two methods were used to study the latent heat of ice fusion. Both method
A (an electrical method) and method B (a method of mixtures) were
conducted with the specimens cooled to – 0.72○ C. The data in the following
 table present the change in total heat from – 0. 72○ C to water at 0○ C in
calories per gram of mass.
Method A 71.97 72.84 71.82 72.84 77.81 71.01 77.04 79.17 73.05 71.03
Method B 68.32 63.84 63.88 64.86 63.86 65.03 66.95 68.96 64.02 61.54

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Change of total heat

IV: Method

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: There is no significant difference in the change in total heat between method A
and method B.

HA: There is a significant difference in the change in total heat between method A and
method B.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05 LEVEL FOR

SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
Independent T-Test because we want to compare the means of two
groups to see if they are statistically different from each other.
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL SOFTWARE)

SUMMARY TABLE/S:
VARIABLE / GROUPINGS MEAN SD T- PROB
VALUE (SIG. 2
TAILED)
Method A 73.85 2.99
7.3 0.00
Method B 65.12 2.29

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since this P-value is lesser than our desired significance threshold (P<0.05), we can
reject the null hypothesis which means that there is a significant difference between
the method A and method B.
3. The following experiment was run to determine whether or not different
flavors of ice cream melt at different speeds. Two flavors (A and B) of ice
cream were stored in the same freezer in similarsized containers. For each
observation, one teaspoonful of ice cream was taken from the freezer,
transferred to a plate, and the melting time at room temperature was
observed to the nearest second. Nine observations were taken on each
flavor. Do melting time differ of the two flavors? Test at 0.05 level. These are
shown in the following table below:
Flavor Time in seconds
A 1225 567 575 1254 554 1242 1437 999 1114
B 840 870 940 972 925 4434 833 817 1013

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Melting time

IV: Flavors of ice cream

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: The melting times of flavors A and B do not differ.
HA: The melting times of flavors A and B are different

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05 LEVEL FOR

SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
Independent T-Test because we want to compare the means of two
groups to see if they are statistically different from each other.
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL SOFTWARE)

SUMMARY TABLE/S:
VARIABLE / GROUPINGS MEAN SD T- PROB
VALUE (SIG. 2
TAILED)
Flavor 1 (A) 996.33 343.61
-0.72 -0.47
Flavor 2 (B) 1293.77 1179.49

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since this P-value is less than our desired significance threshold (P<0.05), we reject
the null hypothesis which means that there is evidence to support the claim that the
melting times of flavors A and B are different.

4. Trace metals in drinking water affect the flavor and an unusually high
concentration can pose a health hazard. Ten pairs of data were taken
measuring zinc concentration in bottom water and surface water. Does the
data suggest that the true average concentration in the bottom water
exceeds that of surface water?
Location
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Zinc
concentration
.830 .266 .568 .531 .808 .816 .651 .589 .769 .723
in bottom
water
Zinc
concentration
.415 .228 .290 .410 .205 .209 .332 .523 .411 .312
in surface
water

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: flavor
IV: Zinc concentration
B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS
HO: The true average concentration of zinc in bottom water is equal to or less than
that of surface water.
HA: The true average concentration of zinc in bottom water exceeds that of surface
water.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05 LEVEL FOR

SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
Independent T-Test because we want to compare the means of two
groups to see if they are statistically different from each other.
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL SOFTWARE)

SUMMARY TABLE/S:
VARIABLE / GROUPINGS MEAN SD T- PROB
VALUE (SIG. 2
TAILED)
Bottom water .655 .175
0.203 0.00
Surface water .333 .105

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since this P-value is less than our desired significance threshold (P<0.05), we reject
the null hypothesis which means that the true average concentration of zinc in bottom
water exceeds that of surface water.
PART II:

USE YOUR 180 GENERATED RANDOM SAMPLES IN PS1, PERFORM THE

SUGGESTED STEPS IN HYPOTHESIS TEST:

1. DO MOTIVE AND JOBPERF DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY WHEN GROUPED

BY GENDER?

NOTE: JUST PRESENT THE SUMMARY TABLE AS SUGGESTED AND

BE SURE TO ATTACH OR APPEND THE OUTPUTS OF YOUR ANALYSIS
AFTER THE HYPOTHESIS TEST.

A. IDENTIFY THE DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT VARIABLES.

DV: Motive and Job Performance

IV: Gender

B. STATE THE NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

HO: There is no significant difference between motive and job performance
when grouped by gender.
HA: There is significant difference between motive and job performance when
grouped by gender.

C. ESTABLISH THE LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE (USUALLY SET TO 0.05 LEVEL FOR

SOCIAL RESEARCHES UNLESS SPECIFIED)
Specify the α level: α = .05
D. DETERMINE THE APPROPRIATE TEST STATISTICS
Independent T-Test because we want to compare the means of two
groups to see if they are statistically different from each other.
E. COMPUTATION / ANALYSIS (USE BASIC AVAILABLE STATISTICAL SOFTWARE)

SUMMARY TABLE/S:
VARIABLE / GROUPINGS MEAN SD T- PROB
VALUE (SIG. 2
TAILED)
MOTIVE (BY GENDER) 1.000 .00000

3.9007 .35776
-7.893 .000
JOBPERF (BY GENDER)

F. INTERPRETATION / IMPLICATION / CONCLUSION

Since the P-value is less than our desired significance threshold (P <0.05), we
reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis. This means that there
is significant difference between motive and job performance when grouped by
gender.
 Group Statistics

GENDER N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

1.00 90 1.0000 .00000a .00000

MOTIVES
2.00 90 1.0000 .00000a .00000
1.00 90 3.9007 .35776 .03771
JOBPERFS
2.00 90 4.3389 .38652 .04074

a. t cannot be computed because the standard deviations of both groups are 0.

Independent Samples Test

Levene's t-test for Equality of Means

Test for
Equality of
Variances

F Sig. t df Sig. Mean Std. 95% Confidence

(2- Differenc Error Interval of the
tailed) e Differen Difference
ce Lower Upper

Equal
variances .908 .342 -7.893 178 .000 -.43822 .05552 -.54778 -.32867
assumed
MOTIVESAND
Equal
JOBPERFS
variances
-7.893 176.946 .000 -.43822 .05552 -.54778 -.32866
not
assumed