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http://www.gereports.com/post/112705004705/ge-develops-jet-engines-made-from-ceramic-matrix/
8
http://www.mece.ualberta.ca/~wmoussa/lab/research.
htm
http://galleryhip.com/tensile-test.html
Objectives 9
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bIh3xSZBqE
• http://www.ijee.ie/OnlinePapers/Interactive/Philpot/mo
hr_learning_tool.htm
Mohr s circle 12
max normal
stress
min normal
stress ave normal
stress
max shear
stress
Example 13
Question (14): 14
• Due to the applied loading, the element at point A on the solid shaft is
subjected to the state of stress shown. Determine the principal stresses
acting at this point.
First: What is the stress state?
A. σx = −12 ksi, σy = 0 ksi, τxy = +6 ksi
B. σx = −12 ksi, σy = 0 ksi, τxy = −6 ksi
C. σx = +12 ksi, σy = 0 ksi, τxy = +6 ksi
D. σx = +12 ksi, σy = 0 ksi, τxy = −6 ksi
Question (15): 15
• Due to the applied loading, the element at point A on the solid shaft is
subjected to the state of stress shown. Determine the principal stresses
acting at this point.
Next: Where is the center for Mohr s circle?
A. (0 ksi, 0 ksi)
B. (−6 ksi, 0 ksi)
C. (−12 ksi, 0 ksi)
D. (−6 ksi, −6 ksi)
E. (−12 ksi, −6 ksi)
Question (16): 16
• Due to the applied loading, the element at point A on the solid shaft is
subjected to the state of stress shown. Determine the principal stresses
acting at this point.
Next: What is the radius for Mohr s circle?
A. 6.00 ksi
B. 8.49 ksi
C. 12.0 ksi
D. 19.0 ksi
Question (17): 17
• Due to the applied loading, the element at point A on the solid shaft is
subjected to the state of stress shown. Determine the principal stresses
acting at this point.
Finally: What are the principal stresses?
A. −1.76 ksi, −10.2 ksi
B. 0 ksi, −12.0 ksi
C. 2.49 ksi, −14.5 ksi
D. 11.9 ksi, −23.0 ksi
Example 18
• Due to the applied loading, the element at point A on the solid shaft is
subjected to the state of stress shown. Determine the principal stresses
acting at this point.
Transformation of stress and strain 21
Plane stress
Simplification of loading to a plane
Sign convention
Transformation of coordinates
Transforming loads and areas from one
reference frame (coordinate axes) to
another
Principal stresses and directions
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of stress
Max/min normal stress
Max shear stress
Mohr s circle
geometric device to compute transform
Multiple loads in 3D
principle stresses, max shear stress
Plane strain
simplify a deformation to a single plane
Transformation of coordinates
transforming displacements from one
reference frame to another
General state of stress 22
• Principal stresses in 3D
• Solutions to eigenvalue problem:
• σA = sA
• Three perpendicular A s each with own
eigenvalue s
• Sort eigenvalues (principal stresses):
σmin ≤ σint ≤ σmax
• For plane stress...
• One principal stress is _____
(perpendicular to plane)
• Other two are principal stresses in plane
• ______________ into σmin ≤ σint ≤ σmax
depending on _____ of in-plane principal
stresses
Maximum shear stress 25
τ = (σint − σmin)/2
τ = (σmax − σint)/2
τ = (σmax − σmin)/2
Maximum shear stress: plane stress 26
0 ≤ σ2 ≤ σ1 σ2 ≤ 0 ≤ σ1
Question: 27
dot product
with i’
Transforming plane strain 42
dot product
with j’
Transforming plane strain 44
dot product
with j’
Transforming plane strain: summary 48
• Note: ϵx + ϵy = ϵx + ϵy
• Note the similarity in equations—what we did for stress, we do for strain:
• Same special cases: 180 , 90 , 45 rotations
• Mohr s circle to rotate in plane
• Principal strains (max/min normal strain) =
• Max shear strain
• Be mindful of the 1/2 factor for shear in Mohr s circle!
Question: 49
+793(10−6) / 2
−13.4(10−6)
+793(10−6) / 2
+213(10−6)
Principal strains 56
• Produces two solutions: θp1 and θp2, which are 90 apart (max and min)
• Finding the max and min normal stresses by substituting θp1 or θp2:
min normal
strain
max shear
strain/2
Question: 60
+203(10−6)
−353(10−6)
Summary 67