Naranasan niyo na bang mapunta sa isang sitwasyon kung saan kailangan mong mamili?

Yung
tipong may obligasyon kang pumili ng Isa lang sa napakaraming pamilian. Yan ay konektado sa
pag-aaralan natin ngayon. Ang section 3: Alternative Obligation
ART. 1199
A person alternatively bound by different prestations shall completely perform one of them.
Ang tinutukoy dito ay Alternative Obligations. Alternative Obligations ay maraming prestations
or object.
And yung different prestations na yun, may rule that you shall completely perform one of them.

2nd sentence
Ang tinutukoy lang dito ay hindi mo pwedeng pilitin ang creditor na tanggapin ang part of one
and part of the other. Dapat buo ibigay

Kinds of Obligation as to Object

1. Simple Obligation- (read)
2. Compound Obligation- (read)
a. Conjunctive- all prestations are due
b. Distributive- there are two or more prestations pero isa lang ang due.
1. Alternative- Several prestations pero kahit isa lang i-perform don ay sapat na.
Macocomply or ma-extinguish mo na 'yung obligation.
2. Facultative- isang prestation lang pero pwedeng palitan ni debtor.
Hindi ko na ieelaborate ang facultative dahil ito ay maipapaliwanag rin sa Article 1206 mamaya

Halimbawa: Ang tinutukoy lamang dito ay ang first sentence which is (read the provision in art
1199)

ART. 1200.
The right of choice belongs to the debtor, unless it has been expressly granted to the creditor;

-as a GENERAL RULE, ang right to choose the prestation ay si DEBTOR. Ang exception para
mapunta ang right to choose kay CREDITOR kung ito ay expressly granted sa kanya (creditor), or
sa THIRD PERSON kung ang right of choice ay binigay sa kanya by agreement (pinagkasunduan
na, na kay third person na ang right of choice).

The debtor shall have no right to choose those prestations which are impossible, unlawful, or
which could not have been the object of the obligation.

-si DEBTOR ay hindi pwede pumili sa mga prestations na IMPOSSIBLE, UNLAWFUL, or could not
have been the object of the obligation (basahin yung example sa book

Limitations on the right to choose of the debtor:

1. Si debtor ay hindi pwede pumili sa mga prestations na imposible, unlawful, or could not have
been the object of the obligation.
—Yung right of choice ni debtor ay hindi extinguish pero magiging limited nalang yung mga
pagpipiliang prestations sa mga matitira na valid.

2. Si debtor ay mawawalan na ng right of choice kapag iisa nalang ang pwedeng prestation kasi
yung obligation ay magiging simple obligation na
— ang right of choice ay hindi ang right of choice ay hindi mapapasa kay creditor, or kahit
kanino.

Para sa examples ng impossible, unlawful, at could not have been the object of the obligation.
Pakibasa yung example sa book. (Mahirap iexplain yung pangatlo)

ART. 1201
The choice shall produce no effect except from the time it has been communicated

Sinasabi dito na hindi magkakaron ng effect ang choice or napili mong prestation hanggat wala
pang communication na nagaganap.

Communication of notice that choice has been made

1. Effect of notice- until the choice is made communicated, the obligation remains
alternative.
Once the choice has been made, then,
1.1 the obligation ceases to be alternative and becomes simple

1.2 such choice once properly communicated is irrevocable

(Explanation. Sinsabi din na once daw na nakapag communicate na sa choice magiging simple
obligation na lang sya meaning isa na lang prestation (1.1) and magiging irrevocable na din sya
meaning hindi na mapapaltan unless napagusapan ulit ng dalawang contracting parties (1.2)

ART. 1202
The debtor shall lose the right of choice when among the prestations whereby he is
alternatively bound, only one is practicable.
Diba ang sabi sa article 1200 don sa second paragraph, hindi pwedeng pumili ng prestation na
impossible, unlawful, or which could not have been the object of the obligation. So ganto yan
para mas malinaw. Ako ay nangako na magdeliver ng one of the following items kay Marcos.
Yung mga item na yun ay:
a. Specific na bato galing pluto
b. Specific na bag ng shabu
c. Specific na relo
Yan so makikita natin na yung letter A ay impossible, yung B naman ay unlawful tapos yung
letter C nalang talaga ang pagpipilian. So yun yung sinasabi nung article na ito. The debtor shall
lose the right of choice kasi nga wala na ibang pagpipilian. So in this case, from alternative
obligation, nagging simple obligation nalang siya.

ART. 1203
If through the creditor's acts, the debtor cannot make a choice according to the terms of the
obligation, the latter may rescind the contract with damages.
So ang sabi the debtor may rescind a contract with damages, kasi nga siya na yung may
kasalanan kung bakit wala ng alternative ehhh halimbawa nasira ni creditor yung item 2 and
item 3 isa nalang ang natira which is ang item 1 so ang sabi si debtor meron siyang option to
rescind the contract with damages.

(Eto yung nasa libro na "When debtor may rescind contract" tingnan mo nalang para mas
maunawaan mo)
Rescission creates the obligation to return the things which were the object of the contract,
together with their fruits, and the price with its interest.
It is the very nature of an alternative obligation that the debtor can make his choice without
the consent of the creditor. Hence, the right given to debtor to rescind the contract and
recover damages if, through the creditor's fault, he cannot make a choice according to the
terms of the obligation
The debtor, however, is not bound to rescind.
So, hindi naman sinasabi dito na that the debtor shall rescind, binigyan lang ang debtor ng
option tto rescind. Option lang kung baga ba, na kung gusto niya edi irescind niya with
damages. At dahil through creditors fault kaya may damages under article 1170. So in relation
ito sa article 1170. Hindi naman talaga siya mandatory, na kapag may ganun you rescind with
damages agad.

OKAY LANG NA WAG NA ISAMA EXAMPLE SA 1203 KASE WALA SA PPT TONG EXAMPLE SA BABA

Example:
Si Juan as a debtor nang hiram siya sa akin ng 20,000 pesos. And we agreed that instead of
20,000 pesos, Juan could deliver item one, or item two, or item three.

If through the fault of the creditor, let say yung first item is destroyed. Si Juan can rescind the
contract kung gusto nya. (Pwede ba yun e kasi meron pa namang item 2 at item 3 ahhh. Oo
pwede yun kasi under article 1203, yun ang legal basis pwede niyang I rescind if he wants) In
case of rescission, the amount of 20,000 pesos must be returned by Juan with interest. So
kailangan mag bayad ni Juan ng utang na 20,000 pesos with interest and ako as a creditor who
is at fault must pay Juan the value of item one plus damages. Kasi rescission yan ehh so, ibabalik
nya kung ano yung nakuha, you returned what you receive. So in this case since ang nawala is
yung item one edi mag bayad ako, ako yung creditor ehhh. Si Juan on the part of the debtor
diba may utang siya sa akin ang gagawin ni Juan dahil sabi niya gusto niya ay rescission with
damages so ibabalik niya sa akin yung 20,000 pesos with interest pa. Tapos ako naman si
creditor who is at fault I am bound to pay the value of item one plus damages because of my
fault.

So what if naman si Juan instead of rescinding the contract, pwede ba niyang piliin nalang yung
item 2 or item 3? Yes pwede so the debtor instead of rescinding the contract ito naman another
option kung ayaw naman niyang mag rescind he may choose item 2 or item 3 with a right to
recover the value of item one with damages. So mas maganda to makukuha mo na yung value
ng item 1 plus damages tapos makakapamili kapa dun kay item 2 at item 3 so tatlo makukuha
mo, mas maganda to wag mo ng I rescind, mas practical kung baga hahahhah. If Juan chooses
item one, his obligation is extinguished. The creditor is not liable for damages. Ito naman
parang may payment na dito imbes na bayaran niya yung 20,000 pesos na utang wala na lang
pipiliin ko nalang si item one para ma extinguished yung utang kong mag bayad edi wala narin
yung payment of interest, wala narin namang payment of damages on part of the creditor.

(Yan na po mismo sasabihin ko kaya muka siyang mahaba)

ART. 1204
The creditor shall have a right to indemnity for damages when, through the fault of the
debtor, all the things which are alternatively the object of the obligation have been lost or
the compliance of the obligation has become impossible

The indemnity shall be fixed taking as a basis the value of the last thing which disappeared or
that of the service which last became impossible.

Damages other than the value of the last thing or service may also be awarded

(Sabi nga dito Ang pinag kakautangan ay may karapatan sa kabayaran kung dahil sa
kapabayaan ng may utang nawala niya ang lahat ng iba pang mga bagay ng obligasyon o naging
hindi magawa ang kanyang mga obligasyon. Kapag may 3 option yung last thing na nag
disappear or naging impossible so ibig sabihin dun siya nag babase. Kahit kasalanan ng debtor
hindi sya liable dahil yung right of choice or obligation kaya pang ma perform. Halimbawa may 4
object tas nawala yung 2 so bale may 2 pa na natitira hindi pa din liable kasi may option pa siya.
Pero kung nawala lahat ang creditor ang na ang magbabayad sa mga nawala. Remember the
right of choice belongs to the debtor by rule.)

Example:
Gojo borrowed P500,000 from yaga. It was agreed upon the Gojo may comply with his
obligation by giving Yamaha R6 motorcycle or a kawasaki Z1000 motorcycle or a slightly used
ford everest car. Tapos nawala yung Yamaha r6 and Kawasaki Z10000, magiging simple
obligation nalang sya dahil isa nalang yung prestation.
(What if nawala yung dalawang motorcycle dahil kay Gojo, ano yung magiging liability nya as a
debtor? Yung obligation ay macoconvert na into a simple one and Gojo will bound to deliver the
car.)
(Pero what if all the items were lost due to Gojo’s negligence? So he is obliged to pay the value
of the last thing lost plus the damages.)
ART. 1205
When the choice has been expressly given to the creditor, the obligation shall cease to be
alternative from the day when the selection has been communicated to the debtor. (sinasabi
dito na when the selection o ang pagpili ay napag usapan nila creditor at debtor about dun sa
isa o specific na bagay ay the obligation shall cease or extinguish)

(When right of choice belongs to creditor.)

(Before the creditor makes the selection, the debtor cannot incur in delay.)

Example:
Juan borrowed P500,000 from Pedro, it was agreed upon Juan may comply with his obligation
by giving Yamaha R6 motorcycle, or a Kawasaki Z1000 motorcycle, or a slightly used Ford
Everest car, but it was agreed upon that Pedro has the right of choice.

*When a thing is lost through a fortuitous event.

 In case the Yamaha R6 was lost due a fortuitous event. Pedro may choose among the
remainder.
(Mamimili sa mga natira o dun sa dalwang natira either kung yung Kawasaki Z1000 o
yung slightly used Ford Everest, depende kay Pedro kung ano yung pipiliin niya)

*When a thing is lost through debtor's fault.

 Pedro may choose among the remainder, or the price of Yamaha R6, with a right to
damages.
(Nakadepende kay Pedro kung gusto niyang pumili dun sa natira na Kawasaki o yung
Ford Everest, o kung gusto man niya na pabayaran nalang katulad nung halaga nung
Yamaha R6 nang naaayon sa halaga nang nasira o nawalang bagay)

*When all the things are lost through debtor's fault.

 Pedro can demand the payment of the price of any one of them with a right to
imdemnity for damages.
(Karapatan ni pedro na hingin o hilingin ang bayad kay Juan ng alinman sa mga bagay
na gusto niya na naaayon sa presyo nang nasira o nawalang bagay)
ART. 1206

When only one prestation has been agreed upon, but the obligor may render another in
substitution, the obligation is called facultative.
The loss or deterioration of the thing intended as a substitute, through the negligence of the
obligor, does not render him liable. But once the substitution has been made, the obligor is
liable for the loss of the substitute on account of his delay, negligence or fraud.

Ayon dito kapag isa lang ang prestation na napagkasunduan, pero ang obligor ay maaring
magbigay ng iba pang prestation bilang kapalit nito, at ang obligasyon na ito ay masasaad na
facultative.

Hindi magiging liable ang obligor sa pagkawala o pagkasira ng bagay na itinakdang kapalit, sa
pamamagitan ng pagpapawalang-bahala ng obligor. Ang obligor ay magiging liable lamang sa
pagkawala ng kapalit na bagay, sa kanyang pagwawalang-bahala o pandaraya, kapag nakalipas
na ang araw kung kailan kailangan maibalik o maisagawa ang obligasyon.

For example:

Maria promised that she will deliver a canon scanner and printer to Ibarra because she cannot
give him an HP printer with scanner.

Ayon nga dito The obligor can give another kind of item; there can be a substitution of an item,
if needed.