BEAM

structural elements used in

buildings, and they resist
loads applied laterally to
their axis
TYPES OF BEAM
01 UNIVERSAL BEAM 08 STEEL BEAM

02 HIP BEAM 09 TIMBER BEAM

03 TRUSSED BEAM 10 STRAIGHT BEAM

04 LATTICE BEAM 11 CURVED BEAM

05 COMPOSITE BEAM 12 BEAM BRIDGE

06 CHILLED BEAM 13 TIE BEAM

07 REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

14 CANTILEVER BEAM
UNIVERSAL BEAM
-commonly refer as an I-beam
-most frequently used beams in steel structures
-horizontal elements of this beam are known as flanges,
whereas the vertical element is the we
-web resists shear forces, and the flanges resist bending
moments
-have a high moment of inertia
-use universal beams when making critical support
trusses or main building frameworks
-ensure a structure has adequate structural integrity
UNIVERSAL BEAM
HIP BEAM
-use a hip beam in the design
of most roofing designs
-support other load-bearing
beams that are separated at
proportioned angles
HIP BEAM
TRUSS BEAM
-stiffened beam by a system
of braces to form a truss and
a bottom chord
-used when there is a lot of
weight to be supported
across vast spaces
-provide reasonable
economical solutions for
buildings with spans over 25
meters
LATTICE BEAM
-girder whereby the web has
diagonal pieces arranged in a
lattice-like manner
-top chord acts in
compression, bottom chord
works in tension
-desirable due to their
lightweight
COMPOSITE BEAM
-made from combining two or
more construction materials
-more robust than beams made
from their constituent parts
-steel and concrete are most
common type
-joining two materials combines
their physical strength and
enhances physical
characteristics
CHILLED BEAM
-heating and cooling systems
that are used for large buildings
-have heat exchangers attached
to ceilings, and they have a
series of pipes
-cost-effective and easy to
maintain
-do not create noise and do not
require a lot of space for
maintenance
REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
-composite material made from
concrete and steel bars
-steel bars are added to
increase the relatively low
ductility and tensile strength of
concrete
-most widely used beams in
construction
-advantageous as it can take
high compressive stresses
STEEL BEAM
-made from steel, and they support heavy loads
-specifications depend on their shapes and sizes
-classified depending on their cross-sections into I-beams,
T-beams, channels, and broad flange sections
-can be straight or curved
-can withstand high tensile stresses, therefore providing
increased structural integrity
-resistant to fire and corrosion
-mainly use steel beams in making warehouses, house
frames, and roofing structures
STEEL BEAM
TIMBER BEAM
-horizontal structural supports
made from wood
-standard in wooden frame
structures like residential houses
-can be made either from sawn
lumber or engineered wood products
-faster to erect
-prone to rotting and infestation
-prone to fire
STRAIGHT BEAM
-linear profile on their horizontal
length
-supported on their ends and can
resist bending moments and shear
forces
-relatively easy to construct
STRAIGHT BEAM
CURVED BEAM
-have a curved profile on their
horizontal axes
-supported on their ends and can
resist bending moments, shear
forces, and torsional forces
-common in the construction of
circular buildings and arches
-provide pre-camber for structures
such as bridges
BEAM BRIDGE
-simplest types of bridges to
construct
-consist of bridge spans supported
by piers or abutments on each end
-simplest beam bridge type would be
a wooden log or plank placed across
a stream
-modern beam bridges can be in the
form of plate girders or box girders
TIE BEAM
-horizontal beams that connect
columns, rafters, or trusses
-use tie beams in roofs, cannot carry
heavy vertical loads such as walls
-act as strap beams to remove the
eccentricity of columns in foundation
footings
-prevent highly stressed columns
from buckling outwards
CANTILEVER BEAM
-rigid horizontal beam supported
only on one end
-can be in the form of a typical
beam, slab, or truss
-use these beams in towers, bridges,
and buildings over spans that need
to allow for an overhang
-heavily rely on torque and rotational
equilibrium for stability