LOGIC

1. P and Q are statements such that P is true and Q false. Find the truth value of the

compound statement ‘P and not Q’.

ANSWER: True [T and T = T]

State the converse of the implication : ‘If n is divisible by 10, then it is divisible by 5’
State whether the converse is true or false.
ANSWER: If n is divisible by 5, then it is divisible by 10. Converse is FALSE
Find the truth value of the compound statement involving P and Q given that P is true
and Q is false

1. P  (Q) ( If P then not Q ) Check with Dr. Kufmann on not sign

ANSWER: TRUE ( True  True is true)

2. P  Q (P and Q)
ANSWER: FALSE (True and False is false)

3.  P  Q (not P) or Q Check with Dr. Kufmann on not sign

ANSWER: FALSE (False or False is false
 Consider the following statements
P: All students with malaria stay in the sick-bay
Q: Students in the sick-bay do not do homework
Determine if the following statement is a valid deduction from statements P and Q.
1. John does not have malaria so he does his home work.
ANSWER: Not Valid
2. Janet has done her homework so she does not stay in the sick-bay.
ANSWER: Valid
3. Peter does not have malaria so he does not stay in the sick-bay.
ANSWER: Not valid

PREAMBLE: P, Q and R are statements such that P is true, Q false and R true. Find the
truth value of the compound statement.

1. If P, then (Q or R)
ANSWER: True [P is true, Q or R is true hence implication is true]

2. (P and Q) or R
ANSWER: True [P and Q is false, R is true hence statement is true]

3. (P or Q) and R
ANSWER: True [P or Q is true, R is true hence statement is true]
P, Q and R are statements. Given that P is true, Q false and R true, find the truth value
of the compound statement:

1. P  (Q or R)

ANSWER: TRUE [ T  ( F or T) , T  T  T ]

2. ( P  Q) and R

ANSWER: FALSE [ (T  F )andT = (F and T) = F ]

3. (P or Q) and R
ANSWER: TRUE [(T or F) and T = (T and T) = T

PREAMBLE: P and Q are simple statements such that P is true and Q false. Find the truth value of
the compound statement.

1. If P and Q, then P
 ANSWER: True [(Tand F)→T, ie F→T which is true]

2. If P or Q, then Q
ANSWER: False [(T or F) → F, ie T → F which is False]

3. If P then Q, and not Q

ANSWER: False [ (T → F) and T, ie F and T which is False]
PREAMBLE: State the converse of the given statement and indicate whether the converse is True or
False.

1. If a number is divisible by 9, then it is divisible by 3.

ANSWER: If a number is divisible by 3, then it is divisible by 9 False (2 + 1)

2. If a number is divisible by 9, then the sum of its digits is a multiple of 9 (2 + 1)

ANSWER: If the sum of the digits of a number isa multiple of 9, then it is divisible by 9, True

3. If a number is divisible by 5, then it is divisible by 10.

ANSWER: If a number is divisible by 10, then it is divisible by 5 True (2 + 1)