Flood Vulnerability in Bamnartek, Uttara Sector 10, Dhaka

Abstract:
This research paper delves into the flood vulnerability in Bamnartek, Uttara
Sector 10, Dhaka, focusing on understanding the historical context of
flooding and evaluating the impact of past events. The study aims to propose
improvements to enhance the area's resilience against floods. By analyzing
historical data and assessing the consequences of previous flood events, the
research provides insights into the challenges faced by Bamnartek,
suggesting targeted solutions for building resilience. The methodology
involved a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, including
data collection from local records, community interviews, household surveys,
and satellite imagery analysis.

Introduction:

Bangladesh, a low-lying delta nation, is known for its susceptibility to

frequent flooding. Ranabhola Bazar, which was previously under Harirampur
union, became a part of Dhaka North City Corporation in 2017, but is yet to
see any development. The situation deteriorates during monsoon when the
entire area goes under filthy, foul-smelling water. The same scenario was
found while visiting ward-53, which stretches from Dharangartek intersection
to Nayanagar Chairman Bari Mor via Tetultola area. The road from
Ranabhola Bottola to Nayanagar Chairman Bari Mor through Bamnartek also
resembles the poor condition of the newly added wards. This paper seeks to
comprehensively assess and understand the factors contributing to the flood
in bamnartek in Uttara sector-10.
Bamnartek's roads are mostly made of earth. When it rains, the roads go in
ruins, making it more difficult for vehicles to travel on them. According to
residents, this increases the risk of accidents.
In this paper, we will conduct an in-depth analysis, encompassing a review of
the existing literature on water logging problem in Bangladesh, an
exploration of the specific conditions in Bamnartek, Uttara Sector-10, and an
examination of the methodologies employed to assess the problem in the
region. Our goal is to provide a comprehensive assessment of flooding
problem in Uttara Sector-10 and offer recommendations to address the
challenges and reduce the potential impact of future floods.

The following sections will delve into the details of our research, presenting
the methodology, data analysis, findings, and a discussion of the implications
of our study. It is our hope that this research will contribute to the ongoing
efforts to improve flood resilience and preparedness in Uttara Sector-10 and,
by extension, across Bangladesh.

Methodology:
Our research methodology utilized qualitative and quantitative approaches.
We collected historical data on past flood events in Bamnartek from local
government records, conducted interviews within the community, and
analyzed satellite imagery. Socioeconomic data, including income levels and
housing conditions, were gathered through household surveys. This
comprehensive approach helped us understand the multifaceted aspects of
flood vulnerability in Bamnartek.

Data Collection: Historical data on past flood events in Bamnartek was

gathered from local government records, community interviews, and
satellite imagery. Socioeconomic data, including income levels and housing
conditions, were collected through household surveys.
Data Analysis: Quantitative data were analyzed using statistical methods to
identify patterns and trends in past flood events. Qualitative data from
interviews and surveys were thematically analyzed to gain insights into the
community's experiences and perceptions regarding flood vulnerability.

Capacity of Basin based on collected data:

Year 2000 2023
capacity of 341280 146240
Basin(m^3)

Capacity of Basin
2000 2023

30%

70%

Peak Discharge(m^3/sec) based on calculations:

 Year 2000 2023
Peak 41.7 37.11
Discharge(M^3/sec)

Peak Discharge(m^3/sec)

2023 2000
47% 53%

1.Flood Vulnerability Factors in Bamnertek, Uttara sector-10

1.1. Geographical Location: Bamnertek is a low-lying area, for which

water logging occurs all over the year and during monsoon it becomes
flooded. Bamnartek's roads are mostly made of earth. When it rains, the
roads go in ruins, making it more difficult for vehicles to travel on
them.
 Fig: canal network around the area of bamnartek

1.2. Topography: The area's flat or low-lying terrain, impede natural

drainage, causing water to accumulate during heavy rainfall or floods.
1.3. Urbanization and Land Use: For low cost of land in that area compared to
other regions in uttara ,urbanization happened frequently in that area in 15 to 20
years.
1.4. Inadequate Drainage Systems: Filling up of the ‘Khidir khal’ in that
area,so there’s no enough space to dispose runoffs due to rain water
1.5. Drying of The Khidir Khal: The Khidir Khal of 8 km long originates from
the Turag River joins the Turag river through Ranabola, Bamnartek, Fulbaria,
Uttara No. 12 Sector Khalpar, Dalipara, Baunia, Mirpur Alokdi of Harirampur
Union. Due to fast and growing unplanned infrastructure, this canal dried up and
this consequently made flooding problem in that area.
The canal was about 70 feet wide which has now become 30 feet. Due to
encroachment by unscrupulous gangs and construction of roads and Rajuk's plots,
the canal has now been divided into several parts and has now turned into small
canals. The canal running along the southern side of Sector 10 has now completely
turned into a sewer.
Even though the local influential people occupied the bank of the canal and built
plots, flats and shops, there is no restoration initiative by the owner of the canal,
Dhaka WASA and City Corporation.
3 bridges have been constructed over the canal on the way from Canal Par Bridge
of Uttara Sector 12 to Nalbuk, but two bridges are currently in use. A food hotel is
being run over a bridge. The bridge is completely covered behind various shops
including food hotels. There is no way to understand that there is a bridge here.
Residents are expressing the fear that large areas of Uttara, Harirampur,
Kamarpara, Nalbuk will be flooded in the next monsoon season if shops are
constantly being built occupying the canal space. If the canal is filled, the water
will not be able to flow. If it rains, the water will get stuck, then the residents will
have to drown in waterlogging and flooding

2. Impact of Floods on Community:

 In 1988 and 1998 major flood happened in Bangladesh. These events
affected dangerously in that area.

 In every Monsoon, water logging is maximum, so vehicles cannot

move properly, polluted water enters through houses and people cannot
find any dry place to walk.

 Ayesha Siddiqa, a Bamnartek resident who is currently pregnant, stated

that she recently fell from an auto-rickshaw and was severely injured
 while on her way to see a doctor. Many of the residents of the area
shared similar ordeals.

 The localities become a breeding ground for mosquitoes, making

residents vulnerable to dengue fever.

 Locals alleged that due to absence of a proper drainage network and

sewage system, roads often get muddy or submerged in knee-deep
water even after a short spell of rain.

Results:

Frequency and Intensity of Floods:

Statistical analysis revealed a noticeable increase in the frequency and
intensity of flood events over the past decade. This rising trend in flood
occurrences in Bamnartek indicates a pressing need for proactive measures to
mitigate the impact.

Impact on Community:
Floods significantly displaced families, with a direct correlation between
flood intensity and the number of affected households. Moreover, post-flood
events led to a spike in health issues, particularly waterborne diseases,
highlighting the immediate need for healthcare interventions and access to
clean water sources.

Infrastructure Damage:
Quantitative analysis of infrastructure damage emphasized vulnerabilities in
existing constructions, especially in low-lying areas. This underscores the
urgency of reinforcing infrastructure to withstand flooding and minimize
damage.

Community Coping Strategies:

Through interviews, we identified various coping strategies employed by the
community during flood events. These included community-driven early
warning systems, temporary shelters, and mutual support networks.
Understanding these strategies is crucial for developing targeted
interventions.

Discussion:
Community Engagement and Awareness:
Engaging the community in discussions about flood vulnerability and
resilience strategies fosters a sense of ownership and collective responsibility.
Increasing awareness about flood risks, evacuation procedures, and available
support services can empower residents to make informed decisions during
emergencies.
Economic Impact:
Flood events often disrupt local economies, affecting businesses and
livelihoods. he economic impact of floods in Bamnartek sheds light on the
need for financial support mechanisms and insurance options for affected
businesses, helping them recover swiftly after a disaster.

Climate Change Adaptation:

Considering the influence of climate change on extreme weather events,
including floods, it is crucial to discuss long-term adaptation strategies.
Implementing sustainable practices, such as green infrastructure and urban
planning, can mitigate the effects of climate change and enhance the
community's resilience against future floods.
Lessons from Successful Case Studies:
Studying successful case studies from other regions facing similar challenges
can provide valuable insights. By examining how other communities have
effectively mitigated flood risks, Bamnartek can adopt best practices and
tailor them to suit its unique context, accelerating the process of building
resilience.
Social Equity and Vulnerable Populations:
Discussions should also focus on addressing social equity concerns,
particularly regarding vulnerable populations such as the elderly, children,
and people with disabilities. Ensuring that their needs are incorporated into
disaster planning and response strategies is essential for creating an inclusive
and resilient community.
Education and Capacity Building:
Investing in education and capacity building at the grassroots level equips
community members with the skills and knowledge necessary to respond
effectively to floods. Workshops, training sessions, and drills can enhance
preparedness and strengthen the community's ability to cope with flood
events.
International Collaboration and Support:
Collaboration with international organizations, research institutions, and
neighboring countries facing similar challenges can facilitate knowledge
exchange and resource sharing. Leveraging global expertise and support can
enhance Bamnartek's capacity to implement advanced technologies and
innovative solutions in flood resilience efforts.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, addressing flood vulnerability in Bamnartek requires a
multidimensional approach that encompasses community engagement,
economic considerations, climate change adaptation, government policies,
learning from successful case studies, social equity, education, and
international collaboration. By fostering a holistic dialogue and implementing
comprehensive strategies that incorporate these discussions, Bamnartek can
significantly enhance its resilience against floods, ensuring a safer and more
secure future for its residents.

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 https://www.thedailystar.net/weekend-read/news/plight-dncc-wards-52-53-life-seemed-

better-under-union-parishad-3238536

 https://m.dailyinqilab.com/article/184011/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87-

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 https://www.banginews.com/web-news?id=b9d74fb78c991bfa159e778eb224e9c13e7379c5