2023-2024

PHYSICS PRACTICAL-1

CLASSES: X A, B SUBJECT: SCIENCE DATE:

Aim: To study the dependence of potential difference (V) across a resistor on the current (I) passing
through it and determine its resistance. Also, to plot a graph between V and I.

Theory: What is Ohm’s Law? Ohm's law states that the potential difference (V) across a metallic wire is
directly proportional to the current flowing through it, provided its temperature remains constant. This
relationship is represented as V∝I, and mathematically, it can be expressed as V = IR, where R is the
resistance, a constant specific to the metallic wire.

Material Required: Here is the list of material needed for this experiment

1. A battery
2. An insulated copper wire
3. A key
4. An ammeter
5. A voltmeter
6. A rheostat
7. A piece of sandpaper
8. A resistor

Circuit Diagram:

1. Arrange the components as depicted in the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the components using connecting wires while keeping the key in the open position.
3. Connect the positive terminal of the battery to the positive terminal of the ammeter.
 4. Before connecting the voltmeter to the circuit, ensure you identify the positive (+) and negative (-
) terminals.
5. After connecting the circuit, verify the readings on the ammeter and voltmeter. Adjust the rheostat
slider after inserting the key.
6. Take three different readings for current (I) and voltmeter (V) while adjusting the slider.
7. Record your observations in the observation table.
8. Calculate the resistance using the formula R = V/I.
9. To create the V-I graph, plot V on the x-axis and I on the y-axis.
10. Note that for pure metals, resistance increases with rising temperature.

Observation Table:

I. For the reading of ammeter and voltmeter

Serial Current in Potential difference in Resistance in

number Ampere (I) volts (V) ohms
(voltmeter reading) R = V/I (Ω)
(ammeter reading)

Observed Observed

1 R1= ----Ω

2 R2----Ω

3 R3= ----Ω
Graph:

Result/Conclusions
1. For all three readings, the value of R remains the same and constant.
2. The ratio of potential difference (V) to current (I) is the resistance of a resistor.
3. Ohm's law is verified with the assistance of the graph plotting V against I, as the graph forms a
straight line.

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