Assignments for ES 22101 July Dec.

2023
Q.1 Define conductor, semiconductor, and insulators based on Energy band-gap theory. State
Fermi-level of intrinsic and p-type and n-type material. Define intrinsic, extrinsic
semiconductors, and Hole.
Q.2. When a pn junction is just formed diffusion of several holes and electron take place across
the junction. But all the holes and electrons in pn bar are not diffused why? Define reverse
break down voltage of a rectifier diode, and reverse break down voltage of a Zener diode
Q.3. A silicon based pn junction diode is connected to a 12 V DC supply in forward biased
condition and feeding DC power to a series connected load of RL 1 k ohm. Find current flowing
through Load, and diode. Find the voltage across the diode and load.
Q. 4. Define dynamic resistance of Zener diode in reverse biased condition. A Zener diode has
9 V output at knee current of 1 mA. When current rises to 101 mA its output voltage (VKA) was
found to be 9.4 V. Find its dynamic resistance.
Q. 5. A Zener diode have 9 V output at knee current of 1 mA and its dynamic resistance is
3 ohms, find its VAZ when reverse current rises to 101 mA.
Q.6. A silicon based pn junction diode is connected to a 20 V DC supply in reversed biased
condition with a series connected load of RL 0.5 k ohm. Find current flowing through Load,
and diode. Find the voltage across the diode and load.
Q. 7. Define the terms related to rectifiers: average DC output voltage, RMS output voltage,
ripple frequency, ripple factor, peak inverse voltage rating of diode, form factor, conversion
efficiency.
Q.8. Draw a simple Zener diode-based shunt regulator circuit and consider input DC voltage
VDC = 16 V, Zener rating VZ = 9 V, power rating PZ = 900 mW and load RL = 1 k ohm. Find:
(i) voltage across series resistor RS (ii) Zener voltage (iii) Load voltage (iv) load current (v)
current through RS (vi) Zener current (vii) minimum load resistor which will ensure 1 mA knee
current in Zener diode (viii) maximum permissible Zener current (I ZM) (ix) The maximum input
DC voltage which will cause Zener current of value I ZM.
Q. 9. Consider a full wave rectifier (2-diode-based) feeding a DC power to a series connected
1 k ohm load. If a ripple-filtering capacitor of value 100 micro-Farad is present parallel to the
load and mains power supply is 230 V, 50 Hz and the secondary winding of the step-down
transformer is rated as (9-0-9) V.
Hint: Vr (pp) = Vm / 4 C f RL, and VDC (Average voltage) = Vm − Vr(pp)
Find (i) the peak-to-peak ripple (ii) Average DC output voltage (iii) percentage ripple in terms
of peak value Vm.
Q. 10. For uncontrolled AC to DC converter (diode rectifier) define the terms: average output
VDC, ripple frequency, form factor, ripple factor, conversion efficiency, transformer utilization
factor.
Q. 11. (a) A light emitting diode has forward biased on state voltage of 2 V and is biased with
a DC input supply of 5 V. If the required luminance is obtained for LED current of 10 mA find
the series resistor RS for this circuit.
(b) the series resistor RS for this circuit if VDC is 10 V.
Q. 12. A full wave bridge rectifier uses step down transfer of secondary rating (0-12) V and
load of 500 ohm and input mains supply voltage and frequency is 230 V, 50 Hz. Find (i) the
value of filter capacitor to minimize the peak-to-peak ac ripples as 2 % of peak value Vm (ii)
average DC output voltage.
Answer (i) C = 1000 Micro Farad (ii) 16.8 V