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Cartography Terms 137 terms by kaquisado

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Scatter

Map Projection Any regular set of parallel and

meridians upon which a map can be
drawn

Equal-area Projection Projection where shape of any small

area remains unchanged

Transverse Projection Projection where turned right angles

to their usual orientation

Cylindrical Projection Projection that is equi-rectangular and

one of the simplest, composed of
horizontal parallels and vertical
meridians. All loxodromes are straight
lines, used for nautical charts

Conical Projection Projections derived from projecting

parallel and meridians of a globe
upon a tangent or secant cone and
developing the cone into a plane.
Suitable for mapping geographical
features located in middle latitudes

Mercator Projection (Cylindrical One of most famous and widely used

Projection) projection, designed for sea
navigation. Great distortion beyond
70deg latitude. Used in mapping area
of predominantly EW. Least suitable
for general use in office. Straight lines
show true direction

Gall Projection (Cylindrical Projection) Projection derived from cylinder

cutting spheres at 45 deg N/S
parallels. Useful for showing
distribution of climatic, economic and
population data.
Miller Projection (Cylindrical Projection that resembles Mercator
Projection) but shows less exaggeration of area in
higher latitudes

Azimuthal Projection Projections where directions of all

lines radiating from center of map
have same directions as
corresponding lines on surface of
earth. Limitation is only one
hemisphere can be portrayed at a
time

Cassini Projection (Cylindrical Projection constructed by computing

Projection) lengths of arc along selected meridian
and plotting these as rectangular
coordinates in a plane

Lambert Conformal Projection Projection used for predominantly

(Conical Projection) EW, scale fixed by NS limitation
chosen

Polyconic Projection Projection used for predominantly NS,

all meridians curved except central
meridian. Error increase as you go
further from central meridian. Used
by LMB.

Aphylactic Projection Projection that is neither conformal

nor equal-area. Modified Equal-area

Gnomonic Projection Rays of projection originate from

center of earth and is tangent to the
equator. Used for navigation by
transpolar or trans-oceanic routes.

Orthographic Projection Rays of projection are parallel and

perpendicular to a plane tangent to a
plane

Stereographic Projection Rays of projection originate from a

point on the surface of the sphere
onto the plane

Altitude Tint (Layer Tint) Sequence of color, marking zones of

elevation between successive contour
lines

Graticules Network of lines of latitude

Fix Reference element such as line or
plane to which position of others are
related

Neatlines Inner border of a map

Tick Short line perpendicular to neatline

marking grid systems

Register Mark Pinpoint or crosses by which color

separation drawings are adjusted to
each other

Relative Relief Heights of hills and mountains over

adjacent valleys, basins or plains

Shadient Relief Plastic shading combined with

altitude tints

Contour Imaginary line on ground, all points of

which are at same elevation. Closed
backward contour lines indicate
depression

Hachures Short lines which run parallel to dip of

slope. Steeper the slope, heavier the
line

Shades Relative darkness of gray tone

Tone Relative darkness of gray

Halftone Shade between black and white

Tint Color gradiations on map

Moire Formation of regular light and dark

patches by interference of 2 halftone
screens

Grid Network of 2 sets of regularly spaced

straight lines normal to each other

Isogonic Lines with equal magnetic declination

Isopleths Lines drawn on maps connecting

points of equal value

Symbols Designs on maps used to represent

various features

Spot height Point whose elevation is noted on

map
Vanishing point Point in perspective where parallel
lines meet

Fiducial Mark Used to locate geometric center or

principal point of photo

Principal Point Point in the focal plane intersected by

optical axis of the lens

Focal length Distance between rear nodal point of

lens and focal plane

Short focal length Distance between rear nodal point of

lens and focal plane less than 305 mm

Long focal length Distance between rear nodal point of

lens and focal plane more than 305
mm

Maps Selective, symbolized and generalized

picture

Planimetric Map Map not showing relief. Shows

boundaries and subdivisions of tract
of land determined by surveying

Isoplets Small or medium scale map showing

nature of relief by semi-pictorial
symbols

Topographic Map General map showing all important

features, including relief

Thematic Map Map that shows the base map plus

economic information

Bedrock Map Shows geologic formation either

exposed or overlain by surface
deposits

Statistical Map Showing distribution of rainfall

acreage, represented by means of
dots, isopleths

Isopach Map Shows thickness of specific

stratigraphic interval by using isopach
thickness contours

Lithofacies Map Shows rock types in stratigraphic unit

Tectonic Map Display actual or projected surface

resulting from structural elements
such as fault planes
Hypsometric Map Map showing land or submarine
bottom relief in terms of height above
a datum at any contour, hachures and
shading

Chorographic Map Representing large regions, countries

or continents on a small scale

Bathymetric Map Topographic map of the sea

Chart Map for navigation in air or water

Gnomonic Chart Great circle chart

Aeronautical Chart Used for air navigation

Spread between end distance of Letters on map such as countries,

respective area mountains etc. are ______

Normal spacing of letterings in maps ______ less than width of normal

is letters

Gothic Lettering used in map representing

relief features

Orthomorphic Grid Grid system that is least complicated

British Grid Grid system used when area to be

mapped must be small, long and
narrow

Transverse Mercator Grid Grid system used when area is

predominantly NS. Portion of earth
between 2 selected parallels of
latitude to be horizontal slice of cone.
There is 90deg transposition of poles
to point at opposite position

Military Grid (UTM) Grid system where there is

quadrillage near equator

Brown Color used for relief of configuration

of ground surface

Green Color used for vegetation

Blue Color used for water features

Black Color used for man-made, political

subdivision, place, names, guidelines,
letterings and distances

Red Color used for longitude and latitude

Hydrography Science and art of representation of
water features on maps

Hypsography Science and art of determination

terrain relief with respect to datum

Topography Configuration or shape and

roughness of the ground

Uranography Science and art concerned with

describing and mapping the heavens.

Astronomy The branch of science that deals with

celestial objects, space, and the
physical universe as a whole.

Bathymetry Study of underwater depth of lake or

ocean floors. In other words, It is the
underwater equivalent to hypsometry
or topography.

Hypsometry The measurement of land elevation

relative to a datum

Photogrammetry Science and art of preparing maps

from photos

Orthodrome Shortest distance between points on

earth's surface which crosses
successive meridians

Loxodrome or Rhumb line Line of constant compass direction

along its length. It is spiral on a globe.

Analemma Shows the position which the sun

shine vertically at meridian when local
time is 12 noon

Vinylite Synthetic resin of great dimensional

stability, used in drawing maps

Gelatin Organic alloid, used in most

photographic emulsions

Geostenography Method of rapid notations of

geographic data

Globe gore Lune-shaped map to be fitted to a

globe

Guide copy Map which is sufficiently complete to

be given to engraver for printing
Isometric Diagram Drawing of 3D body related to 3 axes.
Dimension parallel to axes are true to
scale.

Gerardus Mercator Father of Dutch cartography,

foremost in development of modern
cartography

Charles Saxton Father of English cartography

Hipparchus Father of systematic astronomy as

well as mathematical mapping

Claudius Ptolamaeus Father of cartography

Captain William Nicholson Drawn nautical chart of Manila

unsurpassed in accuracy for 270yrs

Light Table A glass tapped table with lights

underneath the glass which is used
for copying

Offset Printing Method by the lithographic principle

in which a map is applied to kernelled
metal sheets with greasy ink

Series Maps Set of maps which are sections of

larger area, such as topo sheets

Mosaic Several air photos mounted together

to form a continuous picture of large
area

Map Compilation Several maps mounted to form a

continuous map

Proportional divider An x-shaped divider formed by joining

a pair of two-pointed arms which is
used for enlargement and reduction

Spline Devise used as tools in

projecting/plotting different curves

Pantograph Instrument for copying maps on

larger or smaller scale. Mostly are
made of roads forming a
parallelogram joined on the 4 corners

Photolithography Process consisting in making a

negative of map and contact printing
it on albumen-sensitized metal
printing plate
Photostat Design photographed directly on
sensitized paper

Pull-up Tracing of map, or part of it, on

transparent paper or plastic, done by
contact printing

Trachographic Relief Drawing Method using, curve hill shaped lines

to indicate relief on small maps

Stereoscopic Vision Method by which permits drawing

contour line by using two overlapping
air photos under stereoscopic
instrument

Scribing Engraving lines, symbol in a scribe

coating, for preparation of negative
for map production

Squeeze T-shaped tool to squeeze out

superfluous ink or any other liquid
from surface

3 Color Process Method of color reproduction using

filters and halftone screened

Planimeter Instrument used for measuring area

of map

Oblique Photography Mapping of tunnel can be done by

photogrammetric method with aid of

Philippine Insulae First map devoted exclusively to

Philippines

Ma-yi In long forgotten time, Philippines was

called by Chinese as

Carta y hydugraphica y Chorographica Best known ancient Philippine Map

de Las Islas Filipinas

Rutter Also known as nautical manual

Lens Most important part functions to

gather light rays for each point on
terrain

Normal Angle Lens Field of View less than 75

Wide Angle Lens Field of View from 75 - 100

Super Wide Lens Field of View more than 100

Single Lens Simplest type of lens, used for
mapping

Multi-Lens Has 2 or more lenses and expose 1 or

more film simultaneously

Strip Camera Used to obtain continuous photo of

strip of terrain

Camera Body Consists of one-piece casting which

houses the drive mechanism for
shutter assembly and magazine

Magazine Consists of light tight container which

holds the supply of exposed and
unexposed film

Lens Cone Assembly Contains the lens, filter, diaphragm,

nodal points and shutter

Shutter Controls the length of time that light

is permitted to pass through the lens

Diaphragm Functions is to control amount of light

striking the emulsion of film which is
positioned in focal plane

Filter Consists of pieces of colored glass

placed in front of camera lens to
prevent stray and undesirable lights
from entering camera

Viewfinder Enables continuous view of terrain

below aircraft

Camera Mount Devise which is used to attach camera

to aircraft

Intervalometer Device that automatically trip the

shutter of camera at specified time

Terrestrial Photogrammetry Taken with ground based cameras

from known positions

Aerial Photogrammetry Taken by a precision camera mounted

on an airplane

Metric Photogrammetry Refers to use of measurements made

on aerial photo to obtain quantitative
data about earth's surface
Interpretative Photogrammetry Used in recognizing and identifying
objects in photo, as well as judging
their significance

Composite Photograph Made by joining several photographs

taken at a single camera station

Extraterrestrial Photograph Emerged as result of space

exploration

Trimetrogon Photograph Has a photographic unit which

consists of 3 wide-angle-single-lens
camera