MONSOON SEMESTER

2023BE4003: LIGHTING AND

INTEGRATED DESIGN LAB

ASSIGNMENT 3:
Commentary on daylighting in a
3-storeyed educational building

Arsh Arora
Pbe22059
 Introduction:
The study focuses on the Analysis of Daylight in a 3 storeyed building as per ECBC mandatory
requirements. The document mentions daylight access and illumination through 3 different spaces in the
building along with its context and analysis.
• Location: LM College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, India.
• Date of M&E: 19th August ‘23
• Time of M&E: 2 pm – 4 pm
• Weather conditions during the study: Partly cloudy sky cover
• Building Type: Institutional Building
• Construction type: RCC column beam construction
• No. of Floors: 3 (Ground floor, First Floor, Second Floor)
• Climate Zone: Hot and Dry
N
Spaces to Study:
1) Space-01 -Lecture room (first floor) Figure i: site plan
N

Figure iii: lecture room north wall elevation

Figure ii: lecture room plan

Space-02 – Conference Room (first floor)

N

Figure v: conference room south wall elevation

Figure iv: conference room plan

Space-03 – Incubates Cabin (second floor)

N

Figure vi: incubates cabin south wall elevation

Figure vii: incubates cabin plan
 DOCUMENTATION:
1) SPACE-01- LECTURE ROOM (FIRST FLOOR)
ILLUMINANCE

• Floor area = 89.1 m²

• Cill height = 825 mm
• WWR = 37 % (north wall)
• W: FA = 11 %
• UDI Area = 44 m² (49.3 %)
• SD Area = 28 m² (31.8 %)
• LPD = 8.1
SPATIAL DAYLIGHT AREA
• Avg. lux level = 372.7
• Avg. DF = 0.49
• Depth of room 11.15 m
• VLT of glass = 0.69
N
USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE

Figure viii: calculated daylight factor heat

map
Figure ix: measured lux levels heat map

20 3.5
SKY VIEW 18
3
DAYLIGHT FACTOR
SKY VIEW FACTOR

16
FACTOR 14 2.5
12 2
10
8 1.5
6 1
4
0.5
2
0 0
CILL 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m 8m 9m 10m BACK
WALL

Figure x: relation b/w svf and df

 2) SPACE-02- CONFERENCE ROOM (FIRST FLOOR)
ILLUMINANCE

• Floor area = 52.7 m²

• Cill height = 825 mm
• WWR = 27 % (north wall)
• W: FA = 8 %
• UDI Area = 48 m² (54 %)
SPATIAL DAYLIGHT N
• SD Area = 22 m² (27 %)
AREA
• LPD = 4.4
SPATIAL DAYLIGHT
• Depth of room 7.75 m
AREA
• VLT of glass = 0.69

USEFUL DAYLIGHT ILLUMINANCE

Figure xi:measured lux levels heat map

SKY VIEW FACTOR

The SVF tends to 0 after 5 m distance from window cill. Figure xii:calculated daylight factor heat map

W1 SVF = 13.46%
16 7
14 6
12 5
10
4
SVF

DF

8
3
6
4 2

2 1
0 0
CILL 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m

Figure xiii: relation b/w svf and df

Figure xiv: sky view factors from windows source andrew marsh
 3) SPACE-03 -INCUBATES CABIN (SECOND FLOOR)
ILLUMINANCE

• Floor area = 52.7 m²

• Cill height = 825 mm

SPATIAL DAYLIGHT
• WWR = 31 % (north wall)
• W: FA = 30 %
• UDI Area = 14 m² (27 %)

AREA
USEFUL N
DAYLIGHT • SD Area = 9 m² (19.1 %)
ILLUMINANCE • LPD = 7.46
• Depth of room 7.75 m
• VLT of glass = 0.69

Figure xvi: lux levels heat map room 3

SKY VIEW FACTOR
The SVF has been calculated by assuming the site context tree
Heights and their Distances and foliage from the building
as per the site. SVF tends to 0 after 5m from the cill of the window .

Figure xv: daylight factor heat map

W1 SVF = 24.32% W2 SVF = 24.10%
30 3
21.54% 21.54%
25 2.5

20 2
SVF

DF

15 1.5

10 1

5 0.5

0 0
CILL 1m 2m 3m 4m 5m 6m 7m

Figure xviii: relation b/w svf and df

Figure xvii: shading mask space 3
 OBSERVATIONS

• The objects on the desk have a rough, black surface that doesn't reflect much light.
• In the lecture room, the false ceiling isn't fully closed, causing light to be trapped and reducing the
IRC resulting in a decrease in overall illumination as we move away from the windows.
• Despite having windows that are 2500mm tall, their dirtiness prevents adequate light transmission,
leading to lower illumination.
• Beyond the 5m mark, the sky view factor drops to almost 0 due to trees and the time of day when
measurements were taken.
• The workstation area in space-3 receives negligible sunlight, as shown in the heatmap.
• The placement of windows results in physical obstructions on the building's front, which reduces both
the sky view factor and daylight factor when the sun is high up.
• Glass doors do not have a considerable effect on lux levels measured near it.
• Trees increase in foliage as the height is increased which results in lower SCF on first-floor windows
• Measurements were taken at 1400 hrs when the sky was cloudy, explaining why the Unified Glare
Index (UDI) and Spatial Daylight Autonomy (SDA) values don't meet standards during that hour.
• The sky view factor never reaches 0% entirely in any room. This suggests that with better outdoor
weather conditions, the overall layout could allow for improved daylight throughout the day.
• The Daylight Factor decreases as the Sky View Factor decreases. This relationship holds true in all
rooms, regardless of their orientation.

3.5

3
DAY LIGHT FACTOR

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
SKY VIEW FACTOR

Figure xix: scatter plot showing linear relation b/w svf and df
ECBC STANDARDS:
• WWR: Window to Wall Area Ratio for vertical fenestrations; maximum allowable WWR is 40%.
• Vlt: Maximum Allowable Vlt is 0.27.
• Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI): Buildings shall achieve illuminance levels between 100-2000lux for 40%
of the floor area for at least 90% of potential daylit time.
• LPD (Lighting Power Density): The lighting power allowance for a space is the product of the gross lighted
carpet area of the space times the allowed lighting power density for that space.
• sDA (Daylight Anatomy): As per LEED guidelines, 50% of the area should have illuminance above 300 lux
for 50% of the potential daylit time.

The current daylight scenario does not comply with ECBC requirements for this particular period of time.
it is expected that the space will adhere to the codes at other times ( lower sun altitude) and better
weather conditions and sky cover.
 SUGGESTIONS

• Changes can be done to the top surface of all tables and desks from black rough material to a lighter
color lambertism material which has a high reflectance.
• The false ceiling gaps in the false ceiling can be filled to make it completely covered which will increase
IRC in the space.
• All windows should be cleaned properly and regular maintenance should be done to maximize the effect
of glass
• In space 3 the area above the lintel can be opened completely to increase IRC which will help in sunlight
further its reach into the space.
• The window placement can be moved forward to the edge of the beam. this will increase SVF.
• An extended cIll can also be placed protruding outward to the edge of the beam if window shifting is
difficult this will increase ERC and help get more daylight in the space.
• There can be solid wooden doors with white paint as they will reflect daylight back into the space
increasing IRC. Current scenario glass doors are not able to let daylight from outside anyway whereas
some illuminance is lost into the corridor because of it

CURRENT SCENARIO RECOMMENDED SCENARIO

Figure xxiii:section current scenario Figure xxii: section suggested scenario

Figure xx: shading mask at cill suggested

Figure xxi :shading mask at cill current scenario scenario

SVF = 21.45% SVF = 33.49%

 List of figures
Figure i: site plan .......................................................................................................................................................1
Figure ii: lecture room plan ........................................................................................................................................1
Figure iii: lecture room north wall elevation ...............................................................................................................1
Figure iv: conference room plan ................................................................................................................................1
Figure v: conference room south wall elevation........................................................................................................1
Figure vi: incubates cabin south wall elevation .........................................................................................................1
Figure vii: incubates cabin plan .................................................................................................................................1
Figure viii: calculated daylight factor heat map .........................................................................................................2
Figure ix: measured lux levels heat map...................................................................................................................2
Figure x: relation b/w svf and df ................................................................................................................................2
Figure xi:measured lux levels heat map....................................................................................................................3
Figure xii:calculated daylight factor heat map ...........................................................................................................3
Figure xiii: relation b/w svf and df ..............................................................................................................................3
Figure xiv: sky view factors from windows source andrew marsh ............................................................................3
Figure xv: daylight factor heat map ...........................................................................................................................4
Figure xvi: lux levels heat map room 3......................................................................................................................4
Figure xvii: shading mask space 3 ............................................................................................................................4
Figure xviii: relation b/w svf and df ............................................................................................................................4
Figure xix: scatter plot showing linear relation b/w svf and df...................................................................................5
Figure xx: shading mask at cill suggested scenario..................................................................................................8
Figure xxi :shading mask at cill current scenario ......................................................................................................8
Figure xxii: section suggested scenario ....................................................................................................................8
Figure xxiii:section current scenario ..........................................................................................................................8