= (𝑥1, 𝑥2 𝑥𝑛 𝑥𝑖

𝑥𝑖

A≿𝐵, o B≿A , o A~ 𝐵

A≿𝐵 y B≿C, entonces A≿C

A≿A A~ A
 𝑈 = 𝑈(𝑥1, 𝑥2 𝑥𝑛

𝑈 = 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 → 𝑈′ = 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑈 = 𝑎 + 𝑏(𝑥1
∗ 𝑥 2)
𝑈 = 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 → 𝑈′ = ln 𝑈 = ln 𝑥1 ∗ 𝑥2 = ln 𝑥1) + ln( 𝑥2

∆𝑥2
∆𝑥1
𝑃1, … 𝑃𝑛 𝑥1, … 𝑥𝑛
𝑃 1𝑥 1 + 𝑃 2𝑥 2 = 𝑀 𝑀
𝑃1
𝑀
𝑃1=1, 𝑃2=2 y M=5 𝑃2

𝑃1𝑥1 + 𝑃𝑃2𝑥2 = 𝑀
𝑀
1
𝑥 = (− )𝑥 +
2 1
𝑃2 𝑃2
M=5 a M’=7 𝑃1 = 1 a 𝑃′1=0.5

𝑃1 = 1 a 𝑃′1=2
 (𝑃1+𝑡)𝑥1 + 𝑃2𝑥2 = 𝑀 (𝑃1−𝑠)𝑥1 + 𝑃2𝑥2 = 𝑀
𝑃1 + 𝑡 𝑀 𝑃1 − 𝑠 𝑀
𝑥2 = −
𝑃2 𝑥 1 + 𝑥2 = − 𝑃2 𝑥1 +
𝑃 𝑃2
2

(1 + 𝑡)𝑃1𝑥1 + 𝑃2𝑥2 = 𝑀 (1 − 𝑠)𝑃1𝑥1 + 𝑃2𝑥2 = 𝑀

𝑥2 = − (1 − 𝑠)𝑃1 𝑀
(1 + 𝑡)𝑃1 𝑀 𝑥1 +
𝑥=
2𝑃1− 𝑥 𝑃1𝑥1 + 𝑃2𝑥𝑃2 2= 𝑀 + 𝑠 𝑃2
𝑥1 + 𝑃2𝑥𝑃2 2= 𝑀 −1𝑡 +
𝑃1 (𝑀 − 𝑃𝑡)2 𝑃1 (𝑀 + 𝑠)
𝑥=
2 (− 𝑃 )𝑥1 + 𝑥=2 (− )𝑥1 +
2 𝑃2 𝑃2 𝑃2
λ
 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝑈(𝑥; 𝑦; 𝑧)
𝐼 𝜕𝑥 = − 𝜆𝑃𝑥 = 0
(II) 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝑥
𝜕𝑈(𝑥;𝑦;𝑧) − 𝜆𝑃 = 0
𝜕𝑦 = 𝜕𝑦 𝑦

(III) 𝜕𝐿 = 𝑀 − 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝜆
𝑃𝑥 𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑧
 𝑀á𝑥{𝑥;𝑦;𝑧} ∶ 𝑈 = 𝑈(𝑥; 𝑦; 𝑧)
𝑠. 𝑎. : 𝑃𝑥𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦𝑦 + 𝑃𝑧𝑧 = 𝑀
𝐿 = 𝑈(𝑥; 𝑦; 𝑧) + 𝜆(𝑀 − 𝑃𝑥𝑥 − 𝑃𝑦𝑦 − 𝑃𝑧𝑧)

𝜕𝐿
𝐼 𝜕𝑈(𝑥;𝑦;𝑧) − =0 (III) 𝜕𝐿
𝜕𝑈(𝑥;𝑦;𝑧) − 𝜆𝑃𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑥 = 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 = 𝜕𝑧
𝜆𝑃𝑥

(II) 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝑦
 𝜕𝑈(𝑥;𝑦;𝑧) = 0 = 𝑀 − 𝑃𝑥
= 𝜕𝑦 − 𝜆𝑃𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑃𝑦 𝑦− 𝑧=0
(IV) 𝑃𝑧
𝜕𝐿
𝜕𝜆
 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝐿
𝐼 = 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑥 − =0 (III) = 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑧 − 𝜆𝑃𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧
𝜆𝑃𝑥

(II) =0 (IV) 𝜕𝐿
𝜕𝐿 = 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑦 − 𝜕𝜆
=𝑀− 𝑥− 𝑦− 𝑧=0
𝜆𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑥 𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑧
𝜕𝑦
𝜆

𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑥 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑧
𝐼 𝜆 = 𝑃𝑥 𝜆=
 𝐼𝐼𝐼
𝑃𝑧
𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑦 (IV) 𝑀 − 𝑃𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦− 𝑧=0
𝐼𝐼 𝜆 = 𝑃𝑦
𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑧
 |𝑇𝑀𝑆𝑥,𝑦| = 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑥 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑦 𝑃
𝐼 𝑦 𝐼𝐼 |𝑇𝑀𝑆𝑦,𝑧| =
𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑦 =
𝑃𝑥 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑧 = 𝑦
𝑃 𝑃
𝑦 𝐼𝐼 𝑦 𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑧

|𝑇𝑀𝑆𝑥,𝑧 𝑈𝑚𝑔𝑥 (IV) 𝑀 − 𝑥− 𝑦− 𝑧=0

𝐼 𝑦 𝐼𝐼𝐼 | = 𝑈𝑚𝑔 =𝑃𝑥
𝑃
𝑃𝑥 𝑃𝑦 𝑃𝑧
𝑧
𝑧

𝑧𝑑 = 𝑧𝑑(𝑃𝑥, 𝑃𝑦, 𝑃𝑧, 𝑀)

𝑥𝑑 = 𝑥𝑑(𝑃𝑥, 𝑃𝑦, 𝑃𝑧, 𝑀)
𝑦𝑑 = 𝑦𝑑(𝑃𝑥, 𝑃𝑦, 𝑃𝑧, 𝑀)
𝜆
𝑥1 𝑥2
 𝜆
𝜆

𝜆 es la Utilidad Marginal del Ingreso

 𝑀á𝑥{𝑥;𝑦;𝑧} ∶ 𝑈 = 𝑥1/2𝑦1/4𝑧1/4
𝑠. 𝑎. : 𝑃𝑥𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦𝑦 + 𝑃𝑧𝑧 = 𝑀
𝐿 = 𝑥1/2𝑦1/4𝑧1/4 + 𝜆(𝑀 − 𝑃𝑥𝑥 − 𝑃𝑦𝑦 − 𝑃𝑧𝑧)

𝜕𝐿
𝐼 𝜕𝑈(𝑥;𝑦;𝑧) − =0 (III) 𝜕𝐿
𝜕𝑈(𝑥;𝑦;𝑧) − 𝜆𝑃𝑧 = 0
𝜕𝑥 = 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧 = 𝜕𝑧
𝜆𝑃𝑥

(II) 𝜕𝐿 𝜕𝑦
 𝜕𝑈(𝑥;𝑦;𝑧) = 0 = 𝑀 − 𝑃𝑥
= 𝜕𝑦 − 𝜆𝑃𝑦 𝑥 − 𝑃𝑦 𝑦− 𝑧=0
(IV) 𝑃𝑧
𝜕𝐿
𝜕𝜆
𝑀á𝑥{𝑥;𝑦} 𝑈 = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽𝑦
s.a. 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝐼
𝑀á𝑥{𝑥;𝑦} 𝑈 = 𝛼𝑥 + 𝛽𝑦
s.a. 𝑝𝑥𝑥 + 𝑝𝑦𝑦 = 𝐼
 𝑀𝑎𝑥 𝑈𝐴 = 𝑀𝑖𝑛 𝑥; 3𝑦
𝑠. 𝑎. 𝑃𝑥∗ 𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 ∗ 𝑦 = 7 𝑃𝑥 + 3𝑃𝑦
𝒙 = 3𝒚

𝑷𝒙(𝟑𝒚) + 𝑷𝒚 ∗ 𝒚 = 𝟕 𝑷𝒙 + 𝟑𝑷𝒚
𝒚(𝟑𝑷𝒙 + 𝑷𝒚) = 𝟕 𝑷𝒙 + 𝟑𝑷𝒚

𝒅
𝟕 𝑷𝒙 + 𝟑𝑷𝒚
𝒚 = 𝟑 𝑷𝒙 + 𝑷𝒚

𝒅
𝟐𝟏 𝑷𝒙 + 𝟗𝑷𝒚
𝒙 = 𝟑 𝑷𝒙 + 𝑷𝒚