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INTERNAnONA'
Designation: F1941/F1941 M -15 iii
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Standard Specification for Cl)
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Electrodeposlted Coatings on Mechanical Fasteners, Inch a.

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and Metric1
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'Ibis stalldW.is ianed Wld.etehe 1iBd deaigD'II:iOII F1941/Pl941M; tile number immediately foUowiDg the d.eaigDatiODilldicales dl.eyetl'.' n
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of oligiruil adopti011 or, in tile a~~~e of revisi011, the year of last revision. A lllllJlber in parettthe!ICS indicacea the }'CC' of last IU{llllOVal. ~
A sapezsc:riJit epsilOII (r:) iDdiute;l an editnrial cllange &iDee the last revision or reapproval. ..,
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INTRODUCTION
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This specification covers the coating of steel unified inch and metric mechanical fasteners by ....tr
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electrodeposition. The properties of the coatings shall conform to the ASTM standards for the 2
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individual finishes. This standard shall be used in place of ASTM B633 for mechanical fasteners. _.,
Coating thickness values are based on standard tolerances for inch and metric external threads. The ..,0
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coating must not cause the basic thread size to be transgressed by either the internal or external hCl)
threads. The method of designating inch coated threads shall comply with ASME B 1.1 and ISO 965-1, :.
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ISO 965-2, and ISO 965-3 for ISO metric coated threads. Cl)
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With normal methods for depositing metallic coatings from aqueous solutions, there is a risk of Cl)

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delayed failure due to hydrogen embrittlement for case hardened fasteners and fasteners having a Cl)
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hardness above 39 HRC. Although this risk can be managed by selecting raw materials suitable for the 0
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application of electrodeposited coatings and by using modem methods of surface treatment and post :z
heat-treatment (baking), the risk. of hydrogen embrittlement cannot be completely eliminated :z
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Therefore, the application of a metallic coating by electrodeposition is not recommended for such _.,
fasteners. ..,....
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1. Scope* 1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi- ..,..,
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1.1 This specification covers application, performance and nology F1789. 0

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dimensional requirements for electtodeposited coatings on 1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains to the .....
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threaded fasteners with unified inch and metric screw threads. test method portion only. Section 9, of this specification: This :.
but it may also be applied to other threaded parts and standard does not purport to address all ofthe safety concerns. ..,
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non-threaded parts such as washers and pins. It specifies if any. associated with its use. It is the responsibility of~ user :.
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coating thickness, supplementary hexavalent chromate or non- of this stando.rrl to establish appropriate safety and health ..,~
hexavalent conversion finishes. corrosion resistance. precau- practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita- ....
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tions for managing the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and tions prior to use. ~
hydrogen embrittlement relief for high-strength and surface-
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hardened fasteners. It also highlights the differences between 2. Referenced Documents "'..,
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barrel and rack plating and makes recommendations as to the 2.1 ASTM Standtuds:2 3
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applicability of each process. Bl17 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ....
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1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units and SI metric B487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and Oxide
units. The values stated .in each system may not be exact Coating Thickness by Microscopical Examination of
equivalents; therefore each system shall be used .independently Cross Section
of the other. Combining values from the two systems may B499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses
result in non-conformance to the standard. by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on
Magnetic Basis Metals
B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metal-
lic Coatings by the Coulometric Method
1 1bia apeciflcation is UDder the jariadicliCIII. of ASTM Committee F16 on

FutelleA and ia tile direct re.lfi)OII!ibility of S11bcommittee Fl6.03 on Coatillgll on

FutelleA. 2 For~ ASTM Btlmdards, visit the ASTM website, www.aatm.arg, or
Cutrem edilion approved Sept 1, 2015. Publiahcd Oc!o~ 2015. OrigiD.ally CO!Itact ASTM Cllatome:r Service at servi.ce@utm.arg. For AMIIal Book ofASTM
approved in 1998. Last previoua edition approved ill 2010 aa F1941-10. DOI: StmukmlJ vo!WDC illformali.CIII., refer to the alalldatd's Doc:wnem SWDm~~ry page on
10.1S201Fl941_F1941M-1S the ASTM wellaite.

• A S111DD111rJ of Cl:umges HCtioD. appa:n at Che end of thfa l1aDdard

~0 ASTM lntema!fcnal, 100 Barr Hamor DIM, PO Box C700, Welt CCnllhatloclcan, PA 19428..2958. UnHed Slatae

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0©0@0[8J Nom 1-Biack dot (•) indicates test surface.

FIG. 1 Slgnlllcant Burtac:ea on Externally Threaded Futenera
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B567 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness 2.5 ISO Standards:6 "'
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by the Beta Backscatter Method ISO 965-1 ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads -
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B568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness Tolerances - Part 1: Principles and Basic Data
by X-Ray Spectrometry ISO 965-2 ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads -
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B659 Guide for Measuring Thickness of Metallic and Inor- Tolerances - Part 2: Limits of Sizes for General Purpose ....
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ganic Coatings External and Internal Screw Threads U1

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D6492 Practice for Detection of Hexavalent Chromium On ISO 965-3 ISO General Purpose Metric Screw Threads - I

Zinc and Zinc/Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Tolerances- Part 3: Deviations for Construction Screw ....
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E376 Practice for Measuring Coating Thickness by Threads ,.....

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Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Test- ISO 4042 mectroplated Coatings ....
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ing Methods
3. Terminology "'
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F519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement "'"'ru
Evaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service En- 3.1 Definitions:
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vironments 3.1.1 reference area-the area within which a specified
F6061F606M Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical number of single measurements are required to be made.
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Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded 3.1.2 sealant---chemical with or without integral lubricant :c
Fasteners, Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets applied on the substrate which forms a composite layer with a :z
F788 Specification for Surface Discontinuities of Bolts, conversion coating in order to improve chemical resistance,
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Screws, and Studs, Inch and Metric Series corrosion protection. UV resistance, etc. ~
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F1470 Practice for Fastener Sampling for Specified Me-
3.1.3 significant suiface-Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate signifi.cant ,"'
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chanical Properties and Performance Inspection

smfaces on standard externally and internally threaded fasten-
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F1624 Test Method for Measurement of Hydrogen Em-
ers and washers. ,
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brittlement Threshold in Steel by the Incremental Step 0

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Loading Technique 3.1.4 top coat-additional layer with or without integral n
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lubricant applied on a substrate in order to achieve functional .....
F1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners 0
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F1940 Test Method for Process Control Verification to properties such as torque-tension control, color, chemical ,
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Prevent Hydrogen Embrittlement in Plated or Coated resistance, etc. ::J

Fasteners "',...
F2078 Terminology Relating to Hydrogen Embrittlement
4. Classifteation ,1:1
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Testing 4.1 Coating Material-The coating material shall be se- ::J
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2.2 ASME Standards:3 lected and designated in accordance with Table 1. Iii
B1.1 Uoifi.ed Inch Screw Threads {UN and UNR Thread 4.2 Coating Thickness-The coating thickness shall be se- ,"'
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Form) lected and designated in accordance with Table 2. .....
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B1.2 Gages and Gaging for Unified Inch Screw Threads ....
B 1.16M Gages and Gaging for Metric M Screw Threads
4.3 Conversion Finish-The conversion finish shall be se- "'c.
lected and designated in accordance with Table 3. When not
B18.6.3 Machine Screws, Tapping Screws, and Metallic Cl
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specified, hexavalent chromium, or hexavalent chromium free ....
Drive Screws (Inch Series) "'.....
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2.3 National Aerospace Standatri (AIA):4 C"
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NASM-1312-5 Fast Test Method- Method 5: Stress Dura- 6
Available from Ameri<:m Nalilllllll Sbmdards IDstitute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd SL, c.
bility 4th Pl.oor, New York, NY 10036, ht!p:/Jwww..ansi.org. C"
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2.4 IFI Standard.· =i
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IFI-142 Hydrogen Embrittlement Risk Management
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Available from Ammican Society of MDchmical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Intemalional Headquartas, Three Park Ave.• New York. NY 10016-5990, ht1p:l/ "'...,
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WWW.DS!De-OQ!. en
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4 Available from Slalldardization Doc:uments Ordrr Desk. DODSSP, Bldg. 4, .....
Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Phil•delplrla. PA 19lll-S098. Nom 1-Black dot (•) iDdi£ates test surface. "'::J
5 Available from Industtial Fastencn Institute (IFI), 1717 But 9th Street, Suite FIG. 2 Significant Surfacea on lntemally Threeded Fasteners and
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1105, Clevelmd, OH 44114-2879. Ylaalwa
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TABLE 1 Designation or Common Costing Matarlala iii
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terns.
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Coating OB&Ignatlon
F&'Zn
Coating Type
Zinc
4.5.1 Only coating materiallayer(s).
4.5.2 Coating material layer(s) plus conversion finish (for
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FeJCd Cadmium
example Fe!Zn 5A). h
Fa/Zn.CO Zinc Cobalt AJoy
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Fa/Zn-NI Zinc Nickel Alloy 4.5.3 Coating materiallayer(s) plus conversion finish plus "'"'c.
F&lln-Fe Zinc Iron Alloy additional lubricant (example Fe/Zn SANL). o+
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4.5.4 Coating materiallayer(s) plus conversion finish plus
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sealant top coat (example FefZn SANS). iii
TABLE 2 Deelgnatlon or Coating Thlcllneu - Inch and Melrlc
4.5.5 Coating materiallayer(s) plus conversion finish plus "'
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NOll! 1-The conversion factor from inch to microns is 2.54 x 10" (fur sealant top coat plus additional lubricant (example FefZn ....
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example, 0.0001 in. = 2.54 ~). 5ANSL). ...,
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Thlckne88 Mlnlroom Thickness "'c

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Designation in. 11m 5. Orderillg IDformation for Electroplating N
3 0.0001 3 ....
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5 0.0002 5 5.1 When ordering threaded fasteners to be coated by ....I

8 0.0003 8 electrodeposition in accordance with this specification. the N

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12 0.0005 12
following information shall be supplied to the electroplater: ....
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5.1.1 The desired coating, coating thickness, the conversion 0

TABLE 3 O.lgnlllllon of Conversion Flnlah finish, the color and appearance (if applicable), or the classi- .......
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fication codes as specified in Tables 1-3 and additional sealants 11)
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ConversiOn Deei~P'&tion
Type Typical Appearance Hexavalent H8XII.IIIIIant
or top coats (for example, FefZn 5C denotes yellow zinc plated "'"'
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Chrcmlum Chrcmlum
with a minimum thickness of 0.0002 in. or 5 ~ for metric on
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Free significant surfaces).
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AN
Clear Transparent colorless wtth slight
lrldaacance
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5.1.3 The requirement, if any, for stress relief before :c
Blu•br1ghl Transparent with a bluish 'llnga B BN electroplating, in which case the stress-relief conditions must :z
and slight iriclescence be specified. 0

Yellow Yellow iridescent c CN ....

Opaque Olive green, shading to brown or D ON 5.1.4 The requirements, if any, for hydrogen embrittl.ement ~
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bronze relief by heat treatment (baking), other than as required by ~
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Black Black with slight Iridescence E EN ...,

6.4.1 must be specified. Requirements shall include baking
time and temperature. ,11)
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5.1.5 The requirements, if any, for embrittlement testing c.
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passivation such as trivalent chromium passivation or other other than as required by 6.4.3 must be specified. o+
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non-chromium passivation finish shall be used at the option of ::I

the manufaclmer and its appearance shall be selected in Nom 2--Through hardened fasteners with a specified maximum
hardnesa of 39 HRC and below have a low SWiceptibility to hydrogen
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accordance with the designation selected in Table 3. ::J

embrittlement and do not require baking. "',...
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4.4 Supplemental Lubricant, Sealants or Top Coats- 5.1.6 The requirements, if any, for the type of electroplating ...,
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Additional sealants or top coats (with or without integral .....
process (barrel-plating or rack-plating). See Section 10 and ::J
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lubricant) may be chosen to increase corrosion resistance and Appendix Xl. Iii
to achieve other specific properties such as torque-tension, UV 5.1.7 The designation of inch coated thread class shall
resistance, etc. The selection of the nature of a sealant or top comply with ASME B 1.1 and metric threads shall comply with
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coat should be based on desired additional properties. When .....
ISO 965-1, ISO 965-2 and ISO 965-3. ....
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sealants or top coats are specified, the classification code in "'c.

Table 3 shall be appended by adding the letter "S" (for example
FefZn SANS). When specifying a lubricant, the classification
6. Requirements ...
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code in Table 3shall be appended with the letter "L" (for 6.1 Coating Requi~nts-The electrodeposited coating as
ordered shall cover all surfaces and shall meet the following
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NOll! 1-When using a sealaD1 or top coat, a separate convc:rsion fiDish requirements: 11)
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layer and/or lubricant layer may not be rcqWrcd to achieve the corrosion 6.1.1 The coating metal deposit shall be bright or semi- C'"
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performance or provide lubricity. bright unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, smooth, fine =i
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4.5 Fig. 3 illustrates the basic electroplating coating sys- grained, adherent and uniform in appearance.
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Additional Lubricant "'<::

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Additional Lubricant 5ealanVTop Coat SealanVTop Coat "'...,

Conversion Finish Conversion Rnlsh Conversion Finish Conversion Flrish "'
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Coating Material
Base Metal
Coating Material
Base Metal
Coating Material
Base Metal
Coating Material
Base Metal
Coating Material
Base Metal
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4 .5.1 4.5.2 4 .5.3 4 .5.4 4.5.5 .........."'

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FIG. 3 Basic EleclroplaUng CoaUng Systems

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6.1.2 The coated fastener shall be free of blisters, pits, 6.3.2.1 The applicability of the required coating to unified !:!j
nodules, roughness, unplated areas, and other defects that will inch and M series metric screw threads is limited by the basic ....
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affect the function of the coating. deviation of the threads, and hence limited by the pitch .....
6.1.3 The coating shall not be stained, discolored or exhibit diameter, allowance and tolerance positions. Refer to Appen- h
any evidence of corrosion products. dix X3 as a guideline for the tolerances of the various thread "'
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6.1.3.1 Slight discoloration that results from baking, drying, sizes and classes and the coating thickness they will accom- "'c.
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or electrode contact during rack-plating, or all of these, as well modate. c
as slight staining that results from rinsing shall not be cause for 6.3.2.2 Because of the inherent variability in coating thick- ~
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rejection. ness by the barrel-plating process, the application of a mini- Ill
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6.2 Corrosion Resistance-Coated fasteners, when tested by mum coating thickness of 0.0005 in. or 12 J.11I1. for metric is not ....
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continuous exposure to neutral salt spray in accordance with recommended for a standard screw thread by this method due ,"'
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9.3, shall show neither corrosion products of coatings nor basis to the fact that dimensional allowance of most threaded 0
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metal corrosion products at the end of the test period. The fasteners normally does not permit it. If the size of the fastener
appearance of corrosion products visible to the unaided eye at is large enough to economically use the rack-plating process, ...
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normal reading distance shall be cause for rejection, except then the latter shall be used to obtain this thickness require- ...'
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ment. If heavier coatings are required, allowance for the I
when present at the edges of the tested fasteners. Refer to ....
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deposit buildup must be made during the manufacture of

Annex A1 for neutral salt spray performance requirements for
fasteners by adjusting pre-plating thread size. ,.....
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zinc, zinc alloy and cadmium coatings. .....
6.3.3 Applicability to Wood Sclf!Ws and Thread Forming ....
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6.3 Thickness-The coating thickness shall comply with
requirements of Table 2 when measured in accordance with
Screws-Any classification code in Tables 1-3 may be applied "'
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9.1.
to screws that cut or form their own threads. "'ru
6.3.1 Restrictions on Coating Thickness-This specification 6.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief: I:
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imposes minimum local thiclrness requirements at significant 6.4.1 Requirement for Baking for Through Hardened "'
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surfaces in accordance with Table 2. Thick or thin local FasteneTs-Unless otherwiBe specified by the purchaser, bak- ::I
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thickness in a location other than a significant surface shall not ing is not mandatory for fasteners with specified maximum
hardness 39 HRC and below (see Note 3). Coated fasteners :z
be a cause for rejection. However the following restrictions 0

made from steel heat treated to a specified hardness above 39 .....

apply: ~
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6.3.1.1 Minimum coating thickness at low current density HRC, and fasteners with captive washers made from hardened
steel shall be baked to minimize the risk of hydrogen embrittle- ,"'
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areas, such as the center of a bolt or recesses, must be sufficient

ment.
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to provide for adequate conversion finish adhesion. ,
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6.3.1.2 External Threads-The after-coating dimensions of Nom 3---With proper care many steel fasteners can be plated without 0
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external threads must not exceed the thread's basic size. Coated baking by correlating process conditions, and coating material to the n
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external threads must conform to a basic GO gage. Coated inch SllliCCptibility of the fastener material to hydrogen enlbrittlemcnt, and by ....
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applying adequate process control procedures, such as those outlined in
external threads must accept a class 3A GO gage and coated Appendix X4.2. Test Medlod Fl!).W is a recognized verification method ,
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metric threads must accept a class h (6h or 4h) GO gage (See for process control to mini mire the risk of hydrogen embrittlement. Upon ::J

ASME Bl.2 and ASME Bl.16M respectively). The NOTGO agreement between the supplier and tbe purchaser, this test method can be "',...
gage size is the same after coating as before coating. If a coated used as a basis for determining if baking should be mandated in a ,1:17<"
controlled process environment.
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external thread does not freely enter the basic size GO gage, OQ

the thread discontinuity torque test in Specification F788 shall 6.4.2 Baking Conditions-Unless otherwise specified, mini- Iii
be used to determine thread acceptability. mum baking times shall be in accordance with Table 4. ,"'
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6.3.1.3 lntemal Threcub-The after-coating dimensions of 6.4.2.1 Bake temperatures shall always be kept below the ....
3
....
internal threads must not exceed the thread's basic size. Coated tempering temperature of quenched and tempered steel parts to ....
internal threads must conform to a basic GO gage. Coated inch avoid alteration of mechanical properties by re-tempering. "'c.
internal threads must accept a class 2B or 3B GO gage and 6.4.2.2 Bake temperatures shall not exceed the values speci- ,....
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coated metric internal threads must accept a class H (6H, SH or fied in Table 4 to avoid the risk of solid or liquid metal ....
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4H) GO gage (See ASME B1.2 and ASME B1.16M respec- embrittlement C"

tively). The NOTGO gage size is the same after coating as ....
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Nom 4--Bake times and temperatures are lowered to minimize the risk c.
before coating. of solid or liquid metal embrittlemcnt resulting from alloy compositions C"
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6.3.1.4 Surfaces such as threads, holes, deep recesses, bases such as those containing lead or from lowering melting point of the
coating material. For example., cadmium has a melting point of 610"F or
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of angles, and similar areas on which the specified thickness of 0

deposit cannot readily be controlled, are exempted from 310"C in comparison to zinc which has a melting point of 786"F or 419°C. ~
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minimum thickness requirements unless they are specially 6.4.2.3 Baking to relieve hydrogen embrittlement should be ;:u

designated as not being exempted. When such areas are subject performed after electroplating, prior to the application of the "'<::
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to minimum thiclrness requirements, the purchaser and the conversion finish and prior to the application of sealant and/or "'...,
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manufacturer shall recognize the necessity for either thicker top coat, if any where baking temperatures can damage the en
deposits on other areas or special racking. conversion film thereby negating its performance. After ,....
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6.3.2 Applicability to Unified Inch Sclf!W and M Series experimentation, coaters may find other sequences are suitable. "'::J,....
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Metric Threads: The time between coating and baking should be as short as
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TABLE 4 Hydrogen Embrlttlament Relief Requlremanta 8 iii
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ASTM Hydrogen Tappina screw Hydrogen .....
Spedlied Core Hardness
Min Baking lime
Min - Max Baking
Embrittlement Teet Embrittlement Teat
ASlM Process Control ....
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(HAC) Temperalureao
RequlremerrtE Requirement
Test RequiremerrtE ....
h
Over 39 and up to 44A Min 14 h 375 to 425•F or F806JFBOEIM or F1624 ASME B1B.B.3 or F1624 F1940 or F519 "'
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190 to 220"C
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Min24h 375 to 425'F or F806JFBOEIM or F1624 ASME 816.6.3 or F1624 F1940 or F519 ....
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19~10 220C
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"' If'Th6t Melhod F1940 proc:ess control tesa'lg Is not perfonned, baking and product IB&tlna are mandatory In accordance with Table 4. HTest Method F1940 pi0Clll6S control iii
testing Is perlonned and Is shown to consistently plliiS at a mlnmum ol a monthly balls, then product te&llng and baking are not manda!Dry. If 'Th6t Method F1940 procesa
control tesdng Is perfonned and doss not pass, then baking and product tasdng ara mandetory.
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s Variables such as coating type, coating thickness, baking temparaturas and platina process (barrel or rack pladng) 011.n affect baking raq~ramants. ASTM F1940 process ....
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control tastlna can be used to Isolate the aflect of baking, and shall be 1ha buls to lncraase or dacra89e baking limes or to eliminate baking altogether. In the absence ,"'
or Tam Method F1940 process control ~. baking and testing requirements spaclllad In Tabla 4 shal be used as the dalault1or all conditions. "'c
c Caci'nium baking temperalures should be between 375 to 400"F or 1110 to 205"C. ::I
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a Part temperature.
"'WI'Ien agreed upon batween -.,pier and purcllaaer, attamative hydrogen embrittlement test methods such as NASM 1312-5 and allarnali\19 proceaa control test ....
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methode may be used. ....
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possible. The requirement, if any, for a specific maximum carriage bolts, thin head parts where the minimum thickness of
,.....
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allowable time (in hours) between electroplating and baking the head is less than 50% of the nominal diameter of the screw, n
shall be explicitly speci1ied by the purchaser at the time of shoulder type fasteners where the thread major diameter is "'
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order. A reasonable tolerance of +2h resulting from normal more than 20% smaller than the shoulder diameter, or where a "'"'ru
operational constraints shall be assumed. (See Appendix X4.3 larger diameter, thin washer or collar is formed on a double I:
for additional information.) ended stnd. An indication that high residual stresses may be "'"'
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6.4.3 Hydrogen Embrittlement Testing-Unless otherwise present in a portion of the fastener is when localized hardness ::I

specified by the purchaser, hydrogen embrittlement testing in below the smface exceeds 30 HR.C.
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accordance with Table 4 is mandatory for through hardened 6.5.1 Fasteners with configurations or conditions described :z
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fasteners with a specified core hardness above 39 HRC unless above shall be stress relieved at a minimum temperature of .....
the electroplating process has been qualified in accordance 875°F or 4 70°C prior to electroplating to avoid brittle fractures. ~
,...
with a test method in Table 4 (that is, the process has been Increased hardness resulting from thread rolliog before, after or ,"'
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shown not to cause embrittlement for a given product or class without thermal hardening are due to the creation of non- ,ru
of product). detrimental compressive stresses and do not require stress ,
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6.4.4 Baking and Testing Requirements for Case Hardened relief before electroplating. <::
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Screws-Surface hardening of case hardened screws introduces
....
.....
N0111 5--stn:~s relieving is not iJ:J.tended in cases where n::sidnal 0
variables additional to the hardness of the core, notably case ::I

hardness and case depth. Case hardened screws that are

stre88e8 are intentionally introduced, such as !ICI'eWII which are thread
rolled after heat t:rea1mc111.
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electroplated shall adhere to the following baking require- 6.6 Non-He:xavalent CoTrVersion Finishes-When the use of "',...
ments. hexavalent chromium is prohibited, coated fasteners shall be ,1:1
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6.4.4.1 All lots of case hardened screws shall be baked for .....
free of hexavalent chromium when tested in accordance with ::J
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a minimum of 4 h at 375 to 400°F or 190 to 205°C part the test method defined in 9.4.
temperature. Iii
6.4.4.2 All case hardened screws shall be tested for hydro- 7. Dimensional Requirements ,"'
'g

gen embrittlem.eot in accordance with ASME Bl8.6.3 for all ....

3
....
7.1 Threaded components, except those with spaced and ....
self-tapping screws. For case hardened machine screws, the fonning threads, supplied for electrodeposited coating inch "'c.
ASME B 18.6.3 method shall be applied except use a hardened threads shall comply with ASME B 1.1 and metric threads shall
threaded test plate having a minimum thickness of one nominal ,....
Cl

comply with. ISO 965-1, ISO 965-2, and ISO 965-3 (see 6.3.1.2 ....
"'...,
diameter. The tapped holes shall be 2B for inch fasteners or 6H and 6.3.1.3). Screw threads that are specifically manufactured .....
C"
for metric fasteners. to allow the application of 0.0005 in. or 12 .,.m for metric ....
<::
ru
6.4.5 Any lot that fails hydrogen embrittlement testing shall threads or greater coating thickness by the barrel-plating c.
C"
be baked for 24 h at 375 to 400°F or 190 to 205°C part process, must adhere to a special allowance specified by the u:::
temperature and retest shall be made using twice the original manufacturer or in ASME Bl.l or ISO 965-1, ISO 965-2, and =i
c
sample size. ISO 965-3. The other dimensional characteristics shall be as ~
::J
6.5 Stress Relieving Requirements for Work Harrlened Fas- specified in the applicable standard or drawing. It should be ;:u
teners Without Thermal Harrlening-Some cold formed fasten- noted that modifications to the threads of a fastener could affect "'<::
....
ers that are not thermally hardened can fracture due to buildup its properties or performance, or both. Refer to Appendix X3 "'...,
of high residual stresses at stress concentration points. The for further information on effects of coating on pitch diameter, "'
en
types of fastener shapes that make this a parti.cular concern are allowances and tolerances for external and internal threads. ,....
n

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.....
.....
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,...
8. Sampling When specified in the contract or purchase order, a salt spray
!:!j
test shall be conducted in accordance with Practice B 117. To .....
8.1 Sampling for coating thickness, salt spray and embrittle- .....
II)

ment testing shall be conducted based on lot size in accordance secure uniformity of results, samples shall be aged at room .....
temperature for 24 h before being subjected to the salt spray h
with Guide F1470.
test. The salt spray test shall commence within 72 h of "'
::I

9. Test Methods completion of the aging period and prior to sorting, packaging
"'"'c.
....
c
9.1 Coating Thickness-Unless otheiWise specified, there-- and/or assembling.
~
quirement to measure coating thickness is applicable to sig- 9.4 Non-Hexavalent Conversion Finis~The
presence of iii
nificant surfaces only. The test methods for determining the hexavalent chromium shall be determined in accordance with "'
C"l
coating thickness are defined in Test Methods B487, B499, Practice 06492. ....
~

c
B504, B567, B568, Guide B659, or Practice E376 as appli- ,"'
cable. 10. Electroplating Processes "'c
::I

9.2 Embrittlement Test Method-Unless otherwise 10.1 Two electroplating processes are most commonly used N
....
0

specified, the embrittlement test method shall conform to those to apply a metallic coating by electrodeposition on mechanical U1
....
I

specified in Test Methods F1940 or F519 for process fasteners: barrel-plating and rack-plating. When thread fit or N
I

verification, or F606/F606M, or F1624 for product testing. If thread integrity, or both. is a concern for externally threaded ....
0

agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier, alternative test fasteners, rack-plating is preferable to barrel-plating. Refer to ,.....
c
methods, such as NASM 1312-5 may be used for testing bolt Appendix XI. .....
....
n
and machine screws. The testing of both inch and metric
surface hardened screws shall be conducted in accordance with
"'
::I
11. Keywords "'"'ru
ASME B18.6.3. 11.1 baking; chromium; conversion finish; corrosion; elec-
I:
9.3 Corrosion Resistance-The requirement to determine troplating; hydrogen embrittlement; protection; resistance; "'"'
corrosion resistance is applicable to significant surfaces only. sealant; thickness; topcoat; zinc 0
::I
:c
:z
0
.....
~
,...
ANNEX
,"'
~

(Mandatocy Information)
,ru
,
'C
0
c.
<::
At. NEUTRAL SALT SPRAY PERFORMANCE n
....
.....
0
::I

Al.l See Tables Al.l-A1.5. against one another cmmsion testing results a1 any point after processing ,
0

N011! Al.l-The salt spray results are only valid when tested after may be less than exhibited in the as processed condition and shall not be ::J
processing before any handling, sorting, packagiug, and/or transportation. used as criteria for acceptaDce (see 9.3). "',...
Due to surface abrasi0118 associated with typr-.o> of movement of parts ,1:17<"
.....
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Iii
,"'
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3
.....
....
....
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,....
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....
"'...,
.....
C'"
....
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c.
C'"
u:::
=i
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~
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"'
en
,....
n

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....
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.....
.....
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TABLE A1.1 Cl...lllcatlon Code and Nautnl Salt Spray Corroalon Protection Parfonnance at Zinc and Cadmium Coldlngs -Inch and
iii
,...
!:!j
Metrlca.c ....
Minim~ Coating Thickness Converalon or Al'llt Appearance of First Appearance of
Anlt Appearance of
......
II)

Classification Code Supplemental Finish While Corrosion Red Rust Camnlum,

ln. pm Red Rust Zinc, (hour) h
Designation Product, (hour) (hour)
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 3A 0.0001A 3 A 6 24 12
"'
::I

Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 38 B 8 24 12
"'"'c.
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 3C c 24 38 24
o+
c
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd 30 0 24 36 24
~
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 3AN, AN, BN, CN or ON 6 24 12
iii
3BN, 3CN or 3CN
"'
C"l

Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd SA 0.0002 5 A 8 48 24 ....

~

c
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd 58 8 12 72 36 ,"'
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 5C c 72 120 96 "'c
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd 50 D 72 168 96 ::I
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd 5E E 12 72
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd SAN, AN, BN, CN or ON 8 48 24 ...
N
0

5BN, 5CN, SON or

5EN
...
U1

N
I

....
0

,.....
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd 8A 0.0003 8 A 8 96 48
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 8B B 24 120 72 c
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd BC
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 80 0
c 72
96
168
192
120
144
.......
n
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 8E E 24 120 72 "'
::I

Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 8AN, AN, BN, CN or ON 8 98 48 "'"'ru

BBN, BCN, BON or
SEN I:

Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 12A 0.0005 12 A 8 144 72

"'"'
0
::I
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 128
Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 12C
B
c
24
72
192
240
96
144
:c
Fe/Zn or FeJCd 120 0 96 284 168 :z
Fa/Zn or Fe/Cd 12E E 24 192 96 0

Fe/Zn or Fe/Cd 12AN, AN, BN, CN or ON 8 144 72 .....

12BN, 12CN, 12DN ~
,...
or 12EN ,ru
~

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A Low coating thickness Impair& chromate adhesion and perfonnance.
s White haze Is not considered as whlta oorroalon.
,
"C
0
c.
<::
c Black spots shall not be cause of reJecllon because It does not Impair corrosion resistance. n
....
o+
0
::I

TABLE AU ClassHicatlon Code and Neutral Salt Spray Protection at Zinc Coatings with Hexavalent Chromium tree Passivate Finish ,
0

with Sealant Top Coat - Inch and Melric"'o8 ::J

"',...
Classlfk:atlon Coda
Mlnmum Coaling Thickness CoiMI!slon or
Supplamantal Flnlsh
Flrst Appearance of
Zinc: Alloy Corrosion
Fllllt Appallf8flll8 of ,1:17<"
ln. 1Jm Oael~on Produc:t (hour)
Red Rust (hour) ....
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FafZn 5 ANS, BNS, 0.0002 5 ANS,BNS,CNS,ONS 96 120

CNS, ONS or ENS or ENS Iii
Fa/Zn 8 ANS, BNS,
CNS, ONS or ENS
0.0003 8 96 192 ,"'
'g

....
3
Fa/Zn 12 ANS, BNS,
CNS, ONS or ENS
0.0005 12 96 240 ....
o+

"'c.
A White haze is not considered as white oorrosion.
s Bladt apots shall not be cause of rajeclion because it does not impair corrosion 186istance. ,...
Cl

"'
...,
o+
,...
C"
s::::
o+
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c.
C"
u::::
=i
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~
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"'s::::
o+

"'...,
"'
en
,...
n

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,...
o+
.....
,...
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TABLE A1.3 ClaaHicatlon Code and Nautral Salt Spray Cona~~lon Pratecllan Performance or Zln~lt Coatings -Inch and Metric
iii
,...
!:!j
Mininum Coating Thickneaa Convellllon or Rrst Appearance of ....
Classlfk:atlon Code Supplemental Finish Zinc Alloy Corrosion
Firat Appearance of ....
II)

ln. 1Jm De&IIJIIIIIon Product (hour)

Red Rust (hour) ....
h
c "'
::I
Fe/Zn..CO 5C
Fe/Zn..CO 50
0.0002 5
D
96
96
240
240
"'"'c.
Fe/Zn..CO 5E E 100 240
....
c
Fa/Zn..CO 5S s 196 340 ~
iii
Fe/Zn..CO 8C 0.0003 8 c 96 240
"'
Fe/Zn..CO 80 D 96 240 C'l

Fa/Zn..CO 8E E 100 240 ....

~

c
Fa/Zn..CO 8S s 200 340 ,"'
Fe/Zn..CO 12B 0.0005 12 B 12 240
"'c
::I
Fa/Zn..CO 12C c 96
Fa/Zn..CO 120 0 96
400
400 ...
N
0

Fe/Zn..CO 12E
Fe/Zn..CO 12S
E
s
100
196
400
500
...
U1

N
I

....
0

,.....
c
....
....
TABLE A1A Cluelllcallon Coda and Neutral s.n Spray Corrosion Protactlon Parformanca or Zlnc-Niclral Cosdngs -Inch and Metric n

Mininum Coating Thickneaa Convenlion or First Appearance of "'

::I

Classlfk:atlon Code Supplemental Finish Zinc Alloy Corrosion

Firat Appearance of
Red Rust (hour)
"'"'ru
ln. 1Jm De&IIJIIIIIon Product (hour)
I:

Fe/Zn-Ni 58 0.0002 5 B 20 150 "'"'

0
Fe/Zn-NISC c 120 500 ::I

Fa/Zn-NI50 D 180 750 :c

Fa/Zn-NISE E 100 500
:z
Fe/Zn-Ni SBS BS 150 300 0
Fe/Zn-Ni 5CS cs 240 820 .....
Fa/Zn-NI 50S OS 300 1000 ~
,...
Fa/Zn-NI 5ES ES 220 620
,ru
~

Fe/Zn-Ni 88 0.0003 8 B 20 240

,ru
Fa/Zn-NIBC c 120 720 ,
'C
0
Fa/Zn-NI BD D 180 960 c.
<::
Fa/Zn-Ni BE E 100 720 n
Fe/Zn-Ni 8BS BS 150 400
....
....
0
Fe/Zn-NI 8CS cs 240 840 ::I

Fa/Zn-NI 80S OS 300 1200 ,

0

Fa/Zn-Ni BES ES 220 840 ::J

"',...
Fa/Zn-NI12B 0.0005 12 B
c
20 500 ,1:17<"
Fa/Zn-NI12C
Fa/Zn-NI 120 0
120
180
960
1000
....
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OQ
Fe/Zn-Ni 12E E 100 980
Fa/Zn-Ni 12BS BS 150 620 Iii
Fe/Zn-NI12CS cs 240 1080
,"'
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Fa/Zn-NI12DS OS 300 1500 3

Fa/Zn-NI 12ES ES 220 1080 .....
....
....
"'c.
.......
Cl

TABLE A1.5 Classlllcallon Code and Neutral Salt Spray Corrosion Prolactlon Perfonnance of Zinc-Iron Coadngs -Inch and Metric
Minimum Coating Thickness Convenllon or Arst Appearance of
Am Appearance of
......,"'
C"
Clllllllltlcallon Code Supplemental Anlsh Zinc Alloy Corrosion
Red Rust (hour)
....
<::
ru
in. lim DaeiiJIIIIIon Product (hour) c.
C"
FeiZn.f'e 5E 0.0002 5 E 144 312 u::::
=i
c
Fa/Zn.f'e 8E 0.0003 8 E 144 312
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Fe/Zn.f'e 12E 0.0005 12 E 144 480
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,...
APPENDIXES !:!j
.....
II)
.......
(Nonmandatory Information) .......
h
Xl. STANDARD RLECTRODEPOSITION PROCESSFS "'
::I

"'"'c.
....
c
Xl.l Barrel-Plating Process-The preparation and metallic accentuated with increasing length and decreasing diameter of
coating of threaded fasteners is usually accomplished by the the screw or bolt The extremity-to-amter coating thickness ~
iii
barrel-plating process. In this process, quantities of an item are ratio increases with increasing length and decreasing diameter,
placed within a containment vessel, called a barrel. The barrel but is also a function of process parameters such as plating
"'
C"l
....
~

c
is designed to move the group of items, together, through each solution chemistry and efficiency, anodic/cathodic efficiency, ,"'
of the process steps, allowing ready ingress and egress of average current density and plating time. "'c
::I
processing solutions and rinses. As the barrel is moved through N
the process steps, it is also rotated such that the individual Xl.2 Rack-Plating Process-The preparation and metallic ....
0
U1
items are constantly cascading over one another. This can coating of threaded fasteners can be accomplished by the ....
I

N
damage the external threads of fasteners. The effect of thread rack-plating process, particularly on large size fasteners where I

damage is worse on heavy fine threaded fasteners than on light thread fit or damage, or both, is a concern, or for smaller size
....
0

coarse threaded fasteners. In some of the process steps, notably fasteners, when it is economicaUy feasible. In this process, ,......
c
.......
the electrocleaning and electroplating steps, an electric current quantities of an item are placed on a support, called a rack. The ....
n
is applied to the group of items. The cascading action randomly rack is designed to move the group of items, together, through "'
::I
1/)
exposes the surface of each individual piece to the process each of the process steps, allowing ready ingress and egress of "'ru
electrodes while also maintaining electrical continuity between processing solutions and rinses. In some of the process steps,
I:
all of the parts. The local coating thickness on a part is a result notably the electrocleaning and electroplating steps, an electric "'"'
of the electrical current density at that location. Therefore, the current is applied to the group of items. The electrical 0
::I
coating thickness on an individual screw or bolt tends to be continuity is maintained between the parts by the rack itself. :c
greatest at the extremities (head and threaded tip). The extremi- The average current density is usually low enough such that the :z
0
ties being the high current density areas receive the greatest extremity-to-center coating thickness ratio is much lower than ......
coating thickness. In contrast, the center or recesses such as the with barrel-plating. The external thread damage is also mini- ~
,...
bottom of the threads, which are the low current density areas, mized in comparison to barrel-plating due to the absence of ,"'
~

receive the lowest coating thickness. This phenomenon is tumbling. ,ru

,
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0
c.
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....
X2. GUIDELINES FOR CHOOSING BETWEEN BARREL-PLATING AND RACK-PLATING .....
0
::I

X2.1 Short screws and bolts are those with a length-to- plating process for each size of externally inch series coarse ,
0

::J
diameter ratio equal to or less than 5. Long screws and bolts (UNC), fine (UNF), and metric threaded fasteners for all "',...
have a Iengtb-to-di.a.meter ratio greater than 5 but less than 10. thickness classes in Table 2. For externally threaded fasteners ,1:17<"
Special processing is normally required for bolts with a ratio with UNS and UN thread series, rack-plating is recommended. .....
::J
OQ
greater than 10 in order to minimize the extremity-to-center For internally threaded fasteners barrel-plating is generally
thickness ratio. Iii
suitable.
,"'
'g

X2.2 Tables X2.1-X2.3 indicate the recommended electro- ....

3
....
....
"'c.
TABLE X2.1 Recommended Electroplating Proceu tor Each Slza of Externally Coaru Threaded Fanmars (UNC)
....
c
....
Nom 1-Barrcl-pl.ating process (B) and rack-plating process (R.). "'....,
.....
Diameter Length (LJ C"
(D), ....
<::
ru
(in.) L :s 50 50< L:s 100 100 < L :s 200 200 < L :s 300 L>30D c.
C"
'A B B B B R u:::
IYit B B B B R =i
% B B B R R c
7/i. B B B R R ~
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'h B B R R R
;:u
~. B B R R R
% B B A R R "'<::
....
o/4 B R R R R "'....,
7Jil R R R R R "'
1-4 R R R R R en
....
n

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....
.....
......
.....
~

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TABLE n2 Recommended Electroplating Proceu for Eac:h Size al Externally Fine 111raaded Futenent (UNF}
iii
,...
!:!j
.....
N011! 1-Barrel-plating process (B) and rack-plating process (R). ....
II)

Diameter L.englh (L) ....

(D), h
(ln.) Ls 50 50< L:;; 100 100 < L:;; 200 200< L:;; 300 L>30D "'
::I

\4 B B B B R "'"'c.
¥ie B B B R R ....
c
% B B B R R
7Jis B B R R R ~
'h B B R R R iii
lll'ie B B R R R "'
C"l
% B R R R R ....
~

c
~ R R R R R ,"'
7AI
1-4
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R "'c
::I
N
....
0
U1

TABLE X2.3 Recommended Electroplating ProcHs tor Each Size of Extemally 111Naded Metric F....ners ....
N
I

N011! 1-Barrel-plating process (B) and rack-plating process (R). ....

0

Diameter L.englh (L) ,.....

c
(D),
L s 50 50< L s 100 100 < L s 200 200 < L s 300 L>30D
....
....
(mm) n
M1.6-M4 B B B B R "'
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M5-M8 B B B R R "'"'ru
M8·M10 B B B R R
M12 B B R R R I:
M14 B B R R R "'"'
0
M18 B B R R R ::I
M20 B R R R R :c
M24 R R R R R
M30-M100 R R R R R :z
0
.....
~
,...
,ru
~

X3. COATING ACCOMMODATION TOLERANCES FOR EXTERNALLY AND INTERNALLY THREADED FASTENERS ,ru
,
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0
c.
X3.1 This specification does not impose maximum thick- acceptance using a basic Class 3A GO gage for inch series <::
n
ness values on high current density areas, where the coating threads, and 6h GO gage for metric series threads. Class 2A
....
.....
0
::I
thickness tends to be the greatest. On an extemally threaded and 6g shall be used as respective NOT-GO gages.
fastener this occurs at the threaded tip. Measuring coating
,
0

X3.3 In certain cases size limits must be adjusted. within the ::J
thickness on the threaded portion of a fastener is possible but
tolerancea, prior to coating, in order to insure proper thread fit. "',...
impractical for in-process quality control verification. For this ,1:17<"
reason the control mechanism specified in this document is by This applies to the following cases: .....
::J
OQ
means of GO thread gages. Nevertheless Thbles X3.1-X3.5 X3.3.1 Standard internal threads, because they provide no
allowance for coating thickness. Iii
illustrate maximum coating thickness permitted by inch series
Class 2A allowance, metric tolerance class 6g and are supplied X3.3.2 Where the external thread has no allowance, such as
,"'
'g

3
as an informative guideline. .....
....
Class 3A threads. ....
N011! X3.1-The following iDformati.on is based on ASME Bl.l
X3.3.3 Where allowance must be maintained after coating "'c.
Section 7 and ISO 965-l, ISO 965-2. and ISO 965-3. Those standards
should be consulmd. for more detailed information. for trouble free thread fit. ,...
Cl

X3.2 Size limits for standard external inch series lA and 2A X3.4 Tables X3.1-X3.5 provide maximum thickness values
..,.........
"'
C'"
thread classes and metric tolerance classes 6g apply prior to based only on the allowance for the 2A inch series thread ....
<::
ru
coating. The external thread allowance may thus be used to classes and metric thread classes 6g. It assumes that the c.
C'"
accommodate the coating thickness on threaded fasteners, external thread pitch diameter is at the maximum and that the u:::
provided the maximum coating thickness is no more than :V4 of internal thread pitch diameter is at the minimum of the =i
c
the allowance. TbUB, threads after coating are subject to tolerance (see Fig. X3.1 and Fig. X3.2). ~
::J
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....
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,...
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....
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.....
.....
.....
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TABLE X3.1 Coating Accommacllltlon Tolerancea tor Extamally
iii
,...
Coarse Threaded (UNC} Faatenere !:!j
.....
Pitch Diameter Allowance Maximum Allowable ......
II)

ThrB&d Pilch, Dlam61er, lor 1A and 2A Thread CoaUng Thickness

TPI ln. Classes, on Threaded Tlp,
h
ln. x 0.0001 ln. "'
::I

20 Y4 0.0011 2.75
"'"'c.
18 .y,. 0.0012 3.00
....
c
18 % 0.0013 3.25 ~
14 ~s 0.0014 3.50 iii
13 1.-i 0.0015 3.75
"'
""•v.
C"l
12 0.0016 4.00
11 % 0.0016 4.00 ....
~

c
10 0.0018 4.50 ,"'
9
8
lA
1
0.0019
0.0020
4.75
5.00
"'c
::I

7 1'AI and 1'I• 0.0022 5.50 N

8 1% and 1'h 0.0024 8.00 ....

0
U1
5 1¥4 0.0027 6.75 ....
N
I

41.-i 2 and 2114 0.0029 7.25 I

4 21.-i 0.0031 7.75 ....

0

4 2¥. and 3 0.0032 8.00

,.....
c
4
4
3114 and 3'h
3¥• and 4
0.0033
0.0034
8.25
8.50 .......
n
"'
::I

TABLE X3.2 Coadng Accommodation Tolerances lor Externally Fine Threaded (UNF) Fasteners
"'"'ru
Pitch Dlamstar Mlldnum Allowable I:
Thread
Pitch,
DlarnaiBr, Allowance for 1A and Coaling Thlcknatt!l on "'"'
0
in. 2A Thread CIIISI88, Threaded lip, ::I
TPI
in. x 0.0001 in. :c
28 1A 0.0010 2.50
:z
24 'Yisand% 0.0011 2.75 0
20 Vts and 'h 0.0013 3.25 .....
18 ~eand% 0.0014 3.50 ~
,...
16 ~ 0.0015 3.75
,ru
~

14
12
7,4,
1, 1'Ao and 1¥4
0.0016
0.0018
4.00
4.50
,ru
12 1% and 11h 0.0019 4.75 ,
'C
0
c.
<::
n
....
.....
0
TABLE X3.3 Coating Accommodation Tolerances for Externally TABLE X3.5 Coating Accommodation Tolerances lor Externally ::I
Threaded (UNS} Fasteners Thi'Hded Claas 8g and 4gllg Metric Fasteners ,
0

Pitch Diameter Allowance Maximum AlloWable Pilch Diameter Maximum AlloWable ::J
Thread
Diameter, for 1A and 2A Thread Coating Thicknesa on
Threed
Diameter, Allowance for 6g Coating ll'lickness "',...
Pitch,
TPI
in. Clueee, Threaded lip,
Pildl,
mm
in. Tolerance Positions, on Threaded lip, ,1:1
7<'
in. x 0.0001 in. 1Jm 11m .....
::J
OQ
0.35 M1.6 -19 4
14 0.0017 4.25 0.4 M2 -19 4 Iii
0.45 M2.5 -40 5
0.5 M3 -40 5 ,"'
'g

3
TABLE X3.4 Coating Accommodation Tolarancea tor Extamally 0.6 M3.5 ~1 5 .....
....
0.7 M4 -22 5 ....
Threadad (UN} Futanan "'c.
0.6 M5 ~ 6
Pitch Diameter Maximum Allowable 1 M6 ~ 6
Thread
Pilch,
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X4.1 Cleaning uf Basis Metal-Thorough cleaning of the combination with stress, either externally applied or internal "'c.
basis metal is essential in order to ensure satisfactory adhesion, residual stress. [Terminology F2078]
appearance and corrosion resistance of the coating.
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X4.2.2 Research Information-- Results of ongoing re- ....

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X4.2 Hydrogen Embrittlement Consideration: ....
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X4.2.1 General Discussion-When atomic hydrogen enters fastener industry. C""
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steel and certain other metals and alloys, it can with time cause (1) Fundamentals of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steel
Fasteners, S. Brahimi, 2014. Available from the Industrial =i
loss of ductility and/or strength, which can lead to cracking c
(usually micro-cracks) and eventually to catastrophic brittle Fasteners Institute (IFI), www.indfastorglinfolfree-technical- ~
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failures at applied stresses below the normal strength of the info.asp ;:u

material. A typical definition for hydrogen embrittlement in (2) ISO Technical Report ISO!I'R 20491:2015, Fundamen- "'<::
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literature and standards is as follows. tals of Hydrogen Embrittlement in Steel Fasteners. ..,"'
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X4.2.1.1 Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE)-a permanent loss Nom X4.1-As of the publication of F19411F1941M-15, the ISO en
of ductility in a metal or alloy caused by hydrogen in technical report was undergoing final draft revision as ISO/DTR
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20491:2015, by ISO Technical Committee TC2 on Fasteners. largely unsupported by data, and have been adopted primarily !:!j
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the material significantly more susceptible than it should be.
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out of scientific research at McGill University, Montreal, ....

Canada. McGill's hydrogen embrittlement (HE) research pro- Rather, it is appwpxiate to classify susceptible fastener prod- h
gram began in 2006 85 a collaborative research and develop- ucts as those having minimum specified hardness above 39 "'
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ment (CRD) project, co-sponsored by a number of industrial HRC (380 HV). This classification is based on both scientific
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X4.2.4 Process Considerations-The following are some iii
(i) fastener materials susceptibility, and general recommendations for managing the risk. of hydrogen "'
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(ii) interactions of fastener materials with coatings and embrittlemenL For more detailed information refer to IFI-142. ....
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coating processes. ...,
X4.2.4.1 Clean the fasteners in non-cathodic alkaline solu- "'
N01B X4.2-0nc of many tangible outcomes is that the research n:su1ts tions and in inhibited acid solutions. "'
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have informed the revision of fastener electroplating standards, notably, X4.2.4.2 Use abrasive cleaners for fasteners having a hard- N
Fl9411F1941M and ISO 4042. ness of 40 HRC or above and case hardened fasteners. ....
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X4.2.3 Material Susceptibility-MateriiJJ. susceptibility is a X4.2.4.3 Manage anode/cathode surface area and efficiency, ....'
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function of the material (metallurgical/ mechanical) condition resulting in proper control of applied current densities. High ....
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and iB the fundamental basis for understanding HE phenomena, current densities increase hydrogen charging. ....
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which when simply stated is the study of how a stressed X4.2.4.4 Use high efficiency plating processes such as zinc ....
material performs in the absence and then in the presence of chloride or acid cadmium.
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absorbed hydrogen. Material strength (that is, tensile strength X4.2.4.5 Control the plating bath temperature to minimize "'
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and/or hardness) has a first order effect on HE susceptibility. As the use of brighteners.
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strength increases, steel becomes less ductile, less tough and X4.2.4.6 Select raw materials with a low susceptibility to I:
more susceptible to HE. By the same token, at equal strength, hydrogen embrittlement by controlling steel chemistry, "'"'
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steel that exhibits lower toughness iB inherently more brittle microstructure, and mechanical properties. ::I

and more susceptible to HE. The susceptibility of steel fasten- :c

ers increases significantly when the specified hardness is above X4.3 The time between coating and baking should be kept :z
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39 HRC (380 HV). Steel fasteners with a specified hardness as short as possible as a matter of good practice. The intent of ....
below 39 HRC (380 HV), for example, SAE J429 Grade 8,1SO such practice is to minimize the extraction of interstitial ~
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ity to hydrogen embrittlement failure. In other words, they can hydrogen becomes trapped and more difficult to bake out. It is
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selected steel of adequate quality. The critical hardness thresh- should not be used as a fixed criteria for acceptability of a ,
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old for heat treated quench and tempered steel fasteners will fastener lot and it definitely should not be misused as the basis "',...
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These second order effects may vary the threshold value by 85 X4.4 Process Control Verification-Test Method F1940 is OQ

much as ± 1.0 HRC (-± 10 HV). Additionally, non- designed to be used as a test method for process control to Iii
homogeneity of the metallurgical sttucture resulting from minimize the risk of internal hydrogen embrittlement. Periodic ,"'
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poorly controlled heat treatment (for example, incomplete sampling inspections are conducted according to a test plan 3
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martensite transformation, unintended carburization) and/or "'c.

impurities such as non-metallic inclusions can dramatically must initially establish and subsequently verify over time, the
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measurable but unpredictable. With respect to lliE avoidance, from internal hydrogen embrittlement. "',...
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lower, ranging from 31 to 35 HRC. However, these values are Embrittlement Risk Management is given in IFI-142. c.
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X5. USE OF TRIVALENT CHROMIUM (~ON COATED FASTENERS ....
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X5.1 In applications where the use of hexavalent chromium chromium (Cr..,, the use of yellow dye with trivalent chro- h
(Cr +6) is prohibited. coated fasteners with a supplementary mium (Cr+3 ) does not give the same corrosion resistance as "'
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Committee F16 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (Fl941-10) ...
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that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved September, 2015.) I

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Committee F16 undertook a major initiative to consolidate ( 3) Added conversion :finish designations and introduced the
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F1941 and F1941M and clarify it requirements, some details of use of sealants and top coats in 4.4 and illustrated the coating n
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(1) This revision is a combination of ASTM F1941 and (4) Modified hydrogen embrittlement baking and testing re-
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Fl941M to create a consolidated standard. As a result, numer- quirements throughout 6.4 and added Table 4. I:
ous added references to metric specifications and SI units are (5) Modified the salt spray requirement!~ for zinc and cadmium "'"'
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(2) Added allowance for standard to be used with non-threaded :c

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ASTM lntema!lonal takes no position tBIIp6CIIng !118 validity of any patent rights BB86ft8d In OOflfi6CIIon with any Item rnsntJonBd ~
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In this standard. IJfl8f'B of this 5fandarrl am sxpressJy advl&ed that determlna!Jon of thB vaJJdl!y of any such patent rlghtB, and 1116 tfsk
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of fnfrlngtJmtHJt of sud! rlghtB, am fNIIlnlly their own rssponsJbiHty. ,ru

ThiS standard iS subject to revilion at any time by the responsible technical commiftH and must be ffMewed 91181Y live yean~ and
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it not reviSed, either reapproved or withdrawn. YourCOII'III'I9IIfs are invited either for tlWision ot this standard or tor additional standards
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and should be adtlt'etiHd ro ASTM lntema!ional HNdqualfMI. Your comments wiB receive csrstu1 consid8nJtion at a rnHting of thB ....
~ technical commilteB, which you may Bttend. ff you fuel !hilt your commenrs twve not ffJC8ivf1d a fair hearing you should 0
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makB your vi6ws /mown to ltlB ASTM Committee on Standatfls, at 1116 addnNis shown below.
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This 1ltrlntlslrJ Is copyrtgh!8tl byAS1M fnfflnlllJJonaJ, 100 Barr HBrtJor Dttve, PO Box C700, west Gonshohoclctm, PA 19428-2959,
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UIIIIM1 Statss. ll!dMdUIIJ mpl1nts (s/ngiS or mulf/pfs copiM) of fti/S sfandant may 1» obMIMd by oontsctrng AS1lllllt Ills aboVe
tJddr8s.l or at 61o-832-9585 (phone), Bto-632-9555 (fax), or SSI\Iil:eOasbn.mp (s-rntJil); or ttuDugh thEI AS'TM website
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(www.astm.OIP). Pemri8sion righls to photocopy thEI standard may also be SSCUf9d hom the Ccpyt1ght Cleal1tf!Ce CfNile1; 222 ....
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Rosewooc:l Drive, Dan~ MA 01923, Tel: (978) 648-2600; lltlp.1/www.copyrfght.com/
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