Cells

1.1 plant cells

• What is a cell?

A cell is the smallest, structural and functional unit of organisms

Plant
->
Organism -

->
Animal
Microbes
④ ~
Make
up
of

Organ systems
Ex :

Human -> System

Digestive
xX
&
Respiratory System
I Blood
circulatory system etc .

Organs
*
Digestive System -> Stomach

↑ ↓
it Mouth

Oephagus large
intestin
2+C

Tissues

&
Ex Blood tissue

I
: -

-
heart tissue
-
Muscle tissue etc
 -Blood cells
Cells -
muscle
-cells
cells
in the brain
~ skin cell CH ·

• All organisms ( All living things) have cells

• cells are very small
• so we have to use microscope
• microscope can magnify the cells
 Parts of a plant cell

-e
fou
a ' caf

Cell wall

<Sap vacuole)

- cell
membrane

(Plasma
membrane

Cy toplasm
>

nucleus
->.
⑧
.

--chloroplast

I
⑮g!
wall

~an
call membrane
L
 Organelle Functions & characteristics

Cell wall -All plant cells have a cell wall

-it is made up of a carbohydrate known as
Only plant has a cell
“cellulose”
wall
• to protect the cell from outside
• to keep its shape

Cell membrane Both animal cells and plant cells have a cell
membrane
It is very thin

• It controls the things that enter into the cells

• Only selected substances can enter the cell

Ex: water, minerals, vitamins, ions

Cytoplasm It is a liquid-like substance inside the cell

It is like a clear jelly

• It keeps the cell alive

• It helps for chemicals reactions to happen
• all organelles are in the cytoplasm

Nucleus
It governs and controls all the activities in a cell
Sap vacuole /vacuole It is a very organelle
It is filled with a liquid/sap
Sap contains, water, minerals and sugar needed
for the plant

Chloroplast It contains a green color pigment known as

“chlorophyll”

Chlorophyll gives the green color to the

leaves
of
food by
sproduction
Implants)
Chlorophyll can absorb sunlight to do
photosynthesis

Mitochondrion All plant cells and animal alls have them

Respiration happens inside mitochondrion

It can release energy from food that is

produced.
 Homework questions
1. Describe a cell?
2. Which organelles are present in only plant cell?
3. Name the organelles which provide cells with energy and release
energy
4. Give another name for mitochondrion?
5. What is the shape of a cell wall in plants?
6. Why plant cells need a cell wall ?