Topic 2 - Mathematics As A Language

Samuel Christian College of General Trias, Inc.
Navarro, General Trias City, Cavite
GE 04: Mathematics in the Modern World
Week 2. Mathematics as Language
Presented by:
Raymart B. Esguerra
Instructor, HED
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Service 1
Topic Outline:
1. Introduction/Overview
2. Learning Outcomes
3. Lesson 1: The Language of Mathematics
3.1. Is Mathematics a Language
3.2. Why Mathematics is considered a
Language?
3.3. What is the nature of Mathematics as
Language?
3.4. How to translate English phrase to
Mathematical phrase and vice versa?
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Service GE 04 - Week 2 - Mathematics as Language 2
Topic Outline:
1. Introduction/Overview
2. Learning Outcomes
3. Lesson 1: The Language of Mathematics
3.5. What do they say about Vocabulary,
Grammar and Syntax in Mathematics?
4. Using Mathematics as Language to Solve

Problems
4.1. How to solve World Problems using Venn
Diagram
4.2. Functions
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4.3. Relations
Topic Outline:
4. Using Mathematics as Language to Solve
Problems
4.4. Binary Operations
5. Basic Concept in Logic

5.1. Quantifiers
5.2. Variables
5.3. Formality
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Learning Outcomes
At the end of the chapter, the students are
expected to:
1. Discuss the language, symbols, and

conventions of mathematics.
2. Explain the nature of mathematics as a
language.
3. Perform operations on mathematical
expressions correctly.
4. Use mathematical language to solve
mathematical problems.
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5. Acknowledge math as a useful
Service language.
GE 04 - Week 2 - Mathematics as Language 5
Introduction
Since we were a child, we started to speak a
language
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Introduction
And most of us learn symbols called alphabets to
represent the basic sounds of the English language.
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Introduction
While some of us have other language as our mother
tongue,
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Introduction
Some of us learned other language because of pop
sensation
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Introduction
And incidentally we may also have learned few
foreign language phrases through our favorite shows
in TV.
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Introduction
Nevertheless as we learn language, we learn
structures called grammar and often times there
involves new set of symbols or even combination of
symbols that form words.
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For Your Information!
Did you know that in
a 2012 Swedish MRI
study, showed that
learning a new
language improves
cortical thickness
which is a layered of
mass of neurons .
responsible for
thought, language,
consciousness, and
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memory.
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Introduction
Now, do you consider Math as language?
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Mathematics as a Language
While some find mathematics like a foreign

language, clearly, mathematics is a
language on its own.
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Teach Math as Language!
Putting words back into Math lessons enables

even the youngest school-age minds to
grasps complex concepts, such as fraction,
that are traditionally thought of as abstract and
difficult to understand. In his stunningly simple
and effective approach, Math no longer
creates problems for kids but solve them.
.
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Language (n.) is defined as a systematic

means of communicating ideas or feelings by
the use of Conventional symbols, sounds, or
marks having understood meaning.
So if in English alphabet we began

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So if in the English alphabet,

we began with this symbols
In math, we were introduced

with this symbols to denote
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And as we grow we learn how to read and understand

poetry while in mathematics, we learned how to
distinguish more symbols.
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And even Greek alphabets such as
Σ
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Furthermore, in English, we learned formal ways to

communicate to the point that we are writing
researches.
And in math, we learned more sophisticated symbols
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And naturally, language grows.
And that includes more ways to express quantities in

mathematics.
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Like
3x3x3x3x3
which may
also be
expressed
as 3>>5 or
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As we combine words, we form PHRASES,

or group of words that expresses a concept.
And SENTENCE, which are group of words
that are put together to mean something.
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Similarly in Mathematics, we form

EXPRESSION, which are group of number
or variable with or without mathematical
operation.
And EQUATION, which are group of
number or variable with or without
mathematical operation, separated by
EQUAL sign.
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And when we use < and > we refer to it as

INEQUALITIES.
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Expression vs Equation
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Classify the following if it’s a phrase or
sentence.
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Classify the following if it’s an expression or
equation.
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Now, let’s translate the following into
mathematical expressions, equations or
inequalities.
Product of two numbers = ab

Three more than twice a number = 3+2x
The sum of three distinct number is at least ten.
= x+y+z ≥ 10
He owns at most eight cars. = c ≤ 8
Excellence The price of the house is increased by eight
Faith percent. =
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Take note of the common error that when we
say a number less it should be written as minus x
A number less = -x and not x-,
So when we say one less than a number = x-1
not 1-x
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Consider that as a language mathematics is
Precise, Concise, and Powerful.
PRECISE – differentiate or make fine distinctions

example:
1. Precise when the measure is 10cm, it
cannot be 9cm or 11, it is exact.
2. Each symbol has its distinct meaning and
definition, for example π = 3.1415….
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Consider that as a language mathematics is Precise,
Concise, and Powerful.
CONCISE – communicate or able to say things

briefly.
Example:
1. Concise when we say that ‘I walk for 7 km
around the circular park’ means that the
distance covered is 7km and there is no need for
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CONCISE – communicate or able to say things

briefly.
Example:
2. If someone say things in long expositions or
sentences, a mathematician can say it briefly. For
example, ‘the sum of one and two is three’, in
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POWERFULL – express complex thoughts with

relative ease.
Example:
1. Powerful because when a value ‘is’ given, it
cannot be changed anymore.
Excellence 2. Mathematics is able to describe the real world
Faith and abstract structures.
GE 04 - Week 2 - Mathematics as Language 38
Service
Translating English Phrase to Mathematical
Phrase and vice versa
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Exercise:
Translate each sentences using math symbols
1. 0 is an integer
2. x belongs to both sets A and B.
3. The square of the sum of x and y is not more
than 20
4. The square of a number is non negative
5. The sum of two consecutive number is 31
6. Three more than seven times a number is
nine more than five times the number.
7. Twice a number less eight is equal to one
more than three times the number.
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8. Twice a number is decreased by seven. This
Service
re- Week
GE 04 sult is decreased
2 - Mathematics as Language by four times the number. 40
Using Mathematics as Language to Solve
Problems
There are four basic concepts in understanding

other various mathematical concepts, principles
or definition and these are: sets, functions,
relations, and binary operations
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SETS
One of the areas in mathematics that we learned
first that use a lot of symbols is SETS, which is
defined as collection of distinct objects.
In which Sets are oftentimes names using the

capital letter of the English alphabet.
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SETS
So when we have S as a set, and 1, 2, 3 , 4, 5 as
the objects within that set, then 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are
called ELEMENTS
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SET NOTATION SYMBOLS
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SET NOTATION
S = {1,2,3,4,5} = 6 ∉ S
Just remember that sets are always enclosed in

BRACES{}.
And when we enumerate the elements in the

given set and separated in comma, we call this
specification of elements as the ROSTER
METHOD
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SET NOTATION
S = {1,2,3,4,5} = 1 ∈ S
On the other hand, if there is an element which

is NOT found in S, for example we have 6, then 6
here is NOT an element of S, 6∉S.
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SET NOTATION
S = {1,2,3,4,5…}
And there are sets which have many elements
and enumerating all of them would be
burdensome. So what we may do is just put an
ellipsis (…) indicating that the elements after
the last specified elements are already
understood based on the pattern indicated by
the preceding elements.
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S also contains 6,7,8, and so on – all positive
Faith integers
SET NOTATION
EXERCISE
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SET NOTATION
T = {…,-3,-2,-1}
On the other hand, supposed that we have set T
having an ellipsis (…) followed by -3,-2,-1.
This shows that this ellipses are the values of -4,

-5,-6 and so on.
In other words this set T is simply the set of all

negative integers.
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SET NOTATION
Z = {…,-2,-1,0, 1,2…}
And sometimes ellipses(…) may be placed at
both ends of the elements.
In other words, this set Z is simply the set of all

integers.
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SET NOTATION
Now, what if you want to know the set
containing ALL real numbers between 0 and 1
(including 0 and 1)?
How are we going to write it in set notation?
S = {x|x≥0 AND x≤1} - Set Builder Notation
And the bar that’s is written after the variable x

Excellence means SUCH THAT
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SET NOTATION
S = {x|x≥0 AND x≤1} - Set Builder Notation
Instead of writing the word AND, we may replace

it by a set operation intersection ∩
S = {x|x≥0 ∩ x≤1}
Which you may also express in compound

inequality form
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SET NOTATION
Some known sets
• Empty set Ø or {}
• set of natural numbers ={1,2,3,4,5,…}
• Set of integers ={…,-2,-1,0,1,2,…}
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FOR YOUR INFORMATION
Did you know that the set of integers is often
denoted by which came from the German
word Zahlen, which basically means numbers.
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SET NOTATION
Given the following set, will you able to describe
the following:
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SET NOTATION
Given the description, write the following in set
notation:
• ten samuelian’s core values

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SET NOTATION
Before we move on, could you identify why
these are incorrect?
• {2} ∉ {1,2,3}
• 1 ⊄ {1,2,3}
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PROPER SUBSET
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A ⊂ B, all elements in A are in B but at least one
Faith element in B is not in A.
PROPER SUBSET
A ⊂ B, all elements in A are in B but at least one
element in B is not in A.
Coversely, B ⊃ A superset, B contains all

elements of A
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COMPLEMENT OF A SET
Notations: A-any set
A’- complement of set A
The set A’ contains elements in the universal set

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which are not contained in set A.
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COMPLEMENT OF A SET
Example:
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SET OPERATION (UNION)
The union sets A and B, denoted by U, is the set
that contains all the elements that belong to A or
to B or to both.
A U B = {x|x ∈ A or x ∈ B}
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SET OPERATION (UNION)
Example:
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SET OPERATION (INTERSECTION)
The intersection of sets A and B, denoted by ∩,
is the set of elements common to both A and B.
A ∩ B = {x|x ∈ A and x ∈ B}
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SET OPERATION (INTERSECTION)
example
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SET NOTATION
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SET NOTATION
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SOLVING PROBLEMS WITH VENN
DIAGRAM
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SOLVING PROBLEMS WITH VENN DIAGRAM
In a group of 150 students, 57 own cats,73 own

dogs, and 54 own parrots. 26 students own cats
and dogs, 27 own dogs and parrots, and 20 own
cats and parrots. 27 students own neither cats,
dogs, parrots.
A. How many students own cats, dogs and

parrots?
B. How many students own cats and dogs but
no parrots?
C. How many students own parrots only?
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D. How many students cats and parrots?
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SOLVING PROBLEMS WITH VENN DIAGRAM
A survey of 500 television watchers produced

the following information; 285 watch
badminton, 195 watch chess, 115 watch cricket,
45 watch badminton and cricket, 70 watch
badminton and chess, 50 watch chess and
cricket, and 50 do not watch any of the three
games. How many watch all the three games?
How many watch exactly one of the three
games?
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SHADING VENN DIAGRAM REGIONS
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U = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,}
SET NOTATION
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Functions and Relations
Relation – is any set of ordered pairs. The set

of all x-components of the ordered pair is called
the domain of the relation and the set of all
y-components is called the range.
Example:
Give the domain and range of the following
relations:
1. {(1,3), (2,4), (5,7), (6,8)}
2. {(-2,4), (-1,1), (-2,0), (1,5), (2,-2)}
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A Relation in which each member of the domain

is paired to exactly one member of the range is
called Function. Function is a relation in
which each input (x) has only one output (y).
Example:
Which of the following relations are functions?
1. A = {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (4,5)}
2. B = {(1,0), (0,1), (-1,0), (0,-1)}
3. C = {(-2,4), (-1,1), (0,0), (1,1), (2,4)}
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Relation of Functions can also be represented

through mapping. In this case, the relation or
function is represented by the set of all the
connections by arrows.
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Relation of Functions as a graph in the

Cartesian Plane.
Given the graph of a relation, we can easily

identify if it is a function or not by using the
Vertical Line Test.
A graph of a mathematical relation is said to be a

function if any vertical line drawn passing
through the graph touches the graph at exactly
one point.
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Example:
Which of the following graphs represents a
function?
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Relation of Functions as equation form.

y = mx + b
mx = slope
b = y intercept
Example:
Which of the following linear equations are
functions?
A. y = x B. y = 3x-2 C. y = 6 D. x = 4
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Function as Table model.
Example:
Model y = 3x – 5 with a table of values and
graph
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Types of Relation
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Function Notation
y = f(x) read as function of x
This notation means that y is a function of x or
that y depends on x. For this reason, y is called
the dependent variable and x is the
independent variable.
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Thank you very much.
God bless.
Excellence
Faith

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Samuel Christian College of General Trias, Inc.

Navarro, General Trias City, Cavite

GE 04: Mathematics in the Modern World

Week 2. Mathematics as Language

4. Using Mathematics as Language to Solve

5. Basic Concept in Logic

1. Discuss the language, symbols, and

Now, do you consider Math as language?

While some find mathematics like a foreign

Putting words back into Math lessons enables

Language (n.) is defined as a systematic

So if in English alphabet we began

So if in the English alphabet,

In math, we were introduced

And as we grow we learn how to read and understand

And even Greek alphabets such as

Furthermore, in English, we learned formal ways to

And in math, we learned more sophisticated symbols

And that includes more ways to express quantities in

As we combine words, we form PHRASES,

Similarly in Mathematics, we form

And when we use < and > we refer to it as

Product of two numbers = ab

PRECISE – differentiate or make fine distinctions

CONCISE – communicate or able to say things

CONCISE – communicate or able to say things

POWERFULL – express complex thoughts with

Translate each sentences using math symbols

There are four basic concepts in understanding

In which Sets are oftentimes names using the

Just remember that sets are always enclosed in

And when we enumerate the elements in the

On the other hand, if there is an element which

This shows that this ellipses are the values of -4,

In other words this set T is simply the set of all

In other words, this set Z is simply the set of all

How are we going to write it in set notation?

S = {x|x≥0 AND x≤1} - Set Builder Notation

And the bar that’s is written after the variable x

Instead of writing the word AND, we may replace

Which you may also express in compound

• ten samuelian’s core values

Coversely, B ⊃ A superset, B contains all

The set A’ contains elements in the universal set

In a group of 150 students, 57 own cats,73 own

A. How many students own cats, dogs and

A survey of 500 television watchers produced

Relation – is any set of ordered pairs. The set

A Relation in which each member of the domain

Relation of Functions can also be represented

Relation of Functions as a graph in the

Given the graph of a relation, we can easily

A graph of a mathematical relation is said to be a

Relation of Functions as equation form.

Function as Table model.

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