UNIT V.
GLOBAL POPULATION AND MOBILITY
❖ THE GLOBAL CITY
- global cities are the product of the global
economy (Longhorn,2015)
- An urban center that enjoys significant
competitive advantages and that serves as a
hub within a globalized economic system.
- “Strategic sites” that manage and guide the
global economy.
Example cities are: Tokyo Japan, New York Usa, London
UK, Paris France, Singapore, and Hong Kong
Branding of Global Cities- a city’s brand is not only a
valuable resource of a city but also a driving force for city
development (Global City Lab, 2019)
Indicators of a Global City
• Seats of Economic Power
• Economic Opportunities
• Economic Competitiveness
• Centers of Authority
• Centers of Political Influence
• Centers of Higher Learning and Culture
Characteristics of a global city (Longhorn, 2015)
• Economic Attribute – an economic powerhouse,
dominant in finance, trade etc.
• Population Size – are big cities-three million
people or more
• Human Capital – having a storehouse of smart,
educated creative people
• Culture – pays for the museums, universities,
symphonies and theaters
• Tourists – magnets for tourists (are major export
industry)
• Connectivity – air and digital connections to the
rest of the world
• Quality of Life – includes public transit,
environment, safe streets, good healthcare and
efficient government
❖ GLOBAL DEMOGRAPHY
- derived from the Greek words demos for
“population” and graphia for “description”
or “writing,” thus the phrase, “writings about
population.”
- was coined by Achille Guillard, a Belgian
statistician, in 1855
- The origins of modern demography John
Graunt’s analysis of ‘Bills of Mortality’ which
was published in 1662.
Effect of Demographic Transition
- the enormous gap in life expectancy that
emerged between Japan and the West on
the one hand and the rest of the world on
the other.”
- During the 19th century, Europe and the
West had an increased in share in the world’s
population
- India and China suffered from economic
stagnation and decline during that time.
Theory of Demographic Transition
1. Stage 1 - Pre-industrial society, death rates and
birth rates are high and roughly in balance.
2. Stage 2 - Developing country, death rates drop
rapidly due to improvements in food supply and
sanitation.
3. Stage 3- Birth rates fall.
4. Stage 4 - There are both low birth rates and low
death rates.
5. Stage 5 (Debated) – Increased in infertility rates
❖ GLOBAL MIGRATION
- is a situation in which people go to live in
foreign countries especially to find a job.
- MIGRATION is often conceptualized as a
move from an origin to a destination, or from
a place of birth to another destination
Types of Migration
✓ INTERNAL MIGRATION - This refers to
people moving from one area to another
within one country.
✓ INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION - This refers to
the movement people who cross the borders
of one country to another.
A. IMMIGRANTS D. MIGRANTS
B. WORKERS E. REFUGEES
C. ILLEGAL IMMIGRANTS
Reasons for Migration

- A push factor induces people to move out of

their present location
- A pull factor induces people to move into a
new location.
1. Cultural Factor
- two main cultural reasons: slavery and
political instability.
2. Socio-political Factor
- Situation of war, oppression and the lack of
socio-political rights are the major factors of
migration in contemporary time.
3. Environmental Factor
- “Environmental migrants are persons or
groups of persons who, for compelling
reasons of sudden or progressive changes in
the environment
4. Economic Factors
- ‘Remittances are more stable and
predictable as compared to other financial
flows and, more importantly, they are
counter-cyclical providing buffer against
economic shocks