TISSUES

Definition
●
A group of cells with same:
●
structure
●
intercellular substance
●
origin
●
function
Development
Types of tissues

●
Epithelial tissue
●
Connective tissue
●
Muscle tissue
●
Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissue
Epithelia
●
Epithelial tissue, or an epithelium (plural:
epithelia), is a sheet of cells that covers a
body surface or lines a body cavity.
●
It occurs in the body as
(1) covering and lining epithelium
(2) glandular epithelium.
●
Functions:
(1) protection (skin)
(2) absorption (intestine)
(3) filtration (glomerulus of kidney)
(4) excretion (tubules of kidney)
(5) secretion (glands)
(6) sensory reception (ear, nose).
Epithelia - characteristics
1. Polarity - apical, lateral, basal domains.
●
Apical domain - microvilli, cilia, stereocilia.
●
Lateral domain - cell junctions:
●
Tight junction (zonula occludens)
●
Gap junctions
●
Desmosomes (macula adherens)
●
Basal domain - basement membrane.
2. Specialized connections.
3. Supported by connective tissue - basal lamina.
4. Avascular but innervated.
5. Regeneration.
Surface specializations - apical

●
Cilia (respiratory tract)
●
Flagella (spermatozoa)
●
Microvilli (small intestine)
Surface specializations - lateral
Epithelia - classification
Number of layers of cells
●
Simple
●
Stratified

Shape of surface cells

●
Squamous
●
Cuboidal
●
Columnar
Epithelia
Epithelia
Epithelia
Epithelia
Epithelia
Epithelia
Epithelia - glands
Unicellular glands - goblet cells.
Epithelia - glands
Epithelia - glands
Connective tissue
Connective tissue - components
●
Cells
●
Extracellular matrix:
●
Fibres
●
Collagen
●
Reticular
●
Elastic
●
Ground substance
●
Proteoglycans
●
Glycoproteins
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
 Muscle
Characteristics
●
Excitability
●
Contractility
●
Extensibility
●
Elasticity

Functions
●
Produce movement
●
Maintain posture
●
Stabilize joints
●
Produce heat

Types
●
Skeletal
●
Cardiac
●
Smooth
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle - motor unit
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle
Smooth muscle
Nervous tissue
 Nervous tissue:
Neurons & glial (supporting) cells
Neuroglial cells
●
Astrocytes
●
Oligodendrocytes
●
Ependymal cells
●
Microglia
Neuroglial cells
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
●
Astrocytes - structural & metabolic support, repair.
●
Oligodendrocytes - produce myelin sheath (CNS).
●
Ependymal cells - line ventricles of brain.
●
Microglia - phagocytes (defense cells).

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

●
Schwann cell - produce myelin sheath (PNS).
Neurons
Classes of neurons
Classes of neurons
Classes of neurons
Topics for next lecture:

Regions of the body

Anatomical terms
Body cavities
Membranes