Control of Heart Rate

Structure
"x xx
of the Nervous

- -
System
- - - -
%
CN5 ( Brain and spinal cord ) Peripheral Nervous System

L >

Autonomic Nervous System somatic Nervous system

( subconscious activities ) ( conscious Activities)

g. >

sympathetic Nervous System Parasympathetic Nervous System

( fight flight response)
or ( rest and digest response )
(
speeds up activity) ( slows down
activity)

The

of
sympathetic

Rate
and
parasympathetic nervous
systems are
antagonistic .

-
Control Heart

a - e- _ ÷a

The heart is
myogenic
The heart
'

muscle 's
'

contraction is initiated from within the muscle itself rather than

by
.

nervous impulses from outside ( neurogenic) .

( located in the wall of the right atrium )

non -
con
The Sinoatrial Node ( SAN ) determines the beat of the heart tissue

/
1 A of electrical excitation spreads out from the SAN both
wave across atria ,
causing
them to contract .

2 A of prevents the crossing

layer non -
conductive tissue ( atrioventricular septum )
wave

to the ventricles .

3 The of the atrioventricular ( AVN ) , which lies between

wave excitation enters node

the atria .

4 The AVN after short of

,
a
delay ,
conveys
a wave electrical excitation through
the atrioventricular the of the
septum to base ventricles
by the bundle of His .

5 The bundle finer fibres walls called

splits into muscle in the
right and left ventricle

Purkyne tissue .

6 The
Purkyne tissue carries waves of electrical
activity into the ventricular muscular

walls
causing from the bottom
,
them to contract
simultaneously up .

SAN > AVN > Bundle of His fibres

>
Purkyne

Noradrenaline → increase
Rate Sympathetic
Modifying Resting
→
Heart
→
Acetylcholine decrease
# Parasympathetic
→
k- - - n - - - - , - - -

Changes to the heart rate are controlled

by the medulla
oblongata in the brain

& baro receptors send medulla respond the

Chemoreceptors impulses along sensory neurones to and either via
sympathetic
-

or

heart
parasympathetic neurones to rise to decrease rate
respectively .