Bangla Lecture 5 (Part 1)

 cyiæl I ¯¿xevPK kã `yB cÖKvi:

1| cwZ I cZœx A‡_©: †hgb: gv-evev, fvB-fvwe BZ¨vw`|
2| mvaviY A‡_©: †hgb: weevwnZ-AweevwnZv, †gviM-gyiwM BZ¨vw`|

 ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨:
 C, wb, bx, Avbx, Bbx, b cÖZ¨q †hvM K‡i LuvwU evsjv ¯¿xevPK kã MVb
Kiv hvq| †hgb: fvM‡b-fvMwb, †R‡j-†R‡jwb, wfLvix-wfLvwiwb,
VvKzi-VvKzivwb, †Mvqvjv-†Mvqvwjwb, VvKzi-VvKiæb BZ¨vw`|
 ¯¿x evPK kã `yBfv‡e •Zwi n‡Z cv‡i

1. wfbœ kã Øviv = eiÑK‡b, †Q‡jчg‡q

2. ¯¿x cÖZ¨q Øviv = †R‡jчR‡jwb, wfLvixÑwfLvwiwb
 BKv- cÖZ¨q hy³ K‡i ¯¿x ‡evSv‡Z cv‡i- bvwqKv, MvwqKv BZ¨vw`|
 BKv- cÖZ¨q hy³ K‡i ÿz`ª ‡evSv‡Z cv‡i- bvwUKv, gvwjKv BZ¨vw`|

cixÿv: 1. cyw¯’Kv
2. cvwVKv
3. evwjKv
4. MxwZKv
cixÿv: 1. cyw¯’Kv = ÿz`ªv‡_©
2. cvwVKv = ¯¿x A‡_©
3. evwjKv = ÿz`ªv‡_©
4. MxwZKv = ¯¿x A‡_©

* ¯¿x-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q hy³ n‡q ¯¿xevPK nq|

†hgb, AfvMx-AfvwMwb [g~j kã ¯¿x _v‡K],
bb`-bbw`wb =
†Mvcx-†Mvwcbx =
1. ¯¿x-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q hy³ n‡q ¯¿xevPK n‡q‡Q|
2. cyiæl-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q hy³ n‡q ¯¿xevPK n‡q‡Q|

cixÿv:
AfvwMwb =
‡R‡jwb =
VvKzivwb =
bbw` =
†Mvwcbx =
cixÿv:
AfvwMwb = ¯¿x-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q
‡R‡jwb = cyiæl-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q
VvKzivwb = cyiæl-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q
bbw` = ¯¿x-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q
†Mvwcbx = ¯¿x-evPK k‡ãi c‡i ¯¿xevPK cÖZ¨q
 wKQz cyiæl-evPK k‡ãi `yÔ†Uv K‡i ¯¿xevPK D`vniY cvIqv hvq:

†`ei = bb` I Rv
fvB =
wk¶K =
eÜz =
`v`v =
‡PŠaywi =
  wKQz cyiæl-evPK k‡ãi `yÔ†Uv K‡i ¯¿xevPK D`vniY cvIqv hvq:

†`ei = bb` I Rv
fvB = †evb I fvwe
wk¶K = wkw¶Kv I wk¶KcZœx
eÜz = evÜex I eÜzcZœx
`v`v = w`w` I †eŠw`|
‡PŠaywi = †PŠayivwb, ‡PŠaywicZœx|
 Dcvwa/Kzj/RvwZ A‡_© ¯¿xevPKZv cvIqv hvq|
†hgb: †Nvl (cyiæl) > †NvlRv (Kb¨v/‡g‡qRvwZ A‡_©)
†NvlRvqv (cZœx/¯¿x A‡_©)
k~`ª > k~`ªv (k~`ªRvZxq ¯¿x‡jvK)
k~`ªvbx (k~‡`ªi ¯¿x) BZ¨vw`|

†PŠaywi >
wkÿK >
‡`ei >
†PŠaywi > †PŠayivwb
†PŠaywicZœx

wkÿK > wkwÿKv

wkÿKcZœx

‡`ei > bb`

Rv
 wbZ¨ ¯¿xevPK kã:
 wbZ¨-¯¿xevPK evsjv k‡ãi D`vniY: WvBwb, †cZwb, kvuLPzwbœ, G‡qv,
`vB, mrgv, maev|

 wbZ¨ ¯¿xevPK Zrmg kã: Aa©vw½bx, KzjUv, weaev, AšÍtmË¡v,

Am~h©¤úk¨v, Ai¶Yxqv, mcZœx, mZxb|

 wbZ¨ cyiælevPK kã:

 wbZ¨ cyiæl-evPK k‡ãi D`vniY: KweivR, XvKx, K…Z`vi, ivóªcwZ|
 we‡kl wbq‡g ¯¿xevP‡Ki wbqg
wbgœ cwieZ©b mvwaZ n‡j we‡kl wbq‡g ¯¿xevPK nq|
Zv > Îx = †bZv > †bÎx
AZ& > AZx = gnr > gnZx
Z > Zv = g„Z > g„Zv
evb > eZx = ¸Yevb > ¸YeZx
gvb > gwZ = eyw×gvb > eyw×gZx
Cqvb > Cqmx = Mixqvb > Mwiqmx
 Av‡iv wKQz we‡kl wbq‡g ¯¿xevPK kã:
 ivRv-ivwb, mgªvU-mgªvÁx, bi-bvix, eÜz-evÜex, †`ei-Rv, ¯^vgx-¯¿x,
cwZ-cZœx|

 we‡kl wbq‡g ¯¿xevPK kã (Mí AvKv‡i):

Rvwn‡`i evÜex Zvi †`ei-Rv‡K ivwbi wbKU G‡b ejj, mgªvÁx Giv
m¤cÖwZ ¯^vgx-¯¿x n‡q‡Q| ivwb bvix‡K Av‡`k w`j Ò¯¿x‡K e‡jb,
cZx-cZœxi Rb¨ avÎxi e¨e¯’v Ki‡ZÓ|
 we‡`wk ¯¿xevPK kã:
Lvb - Lvbg
gi` - †Rbvbv
myjZvb -myjZvbv
ev‡jM - ev‡jMv
gv‡jK - gv‡jKv
gynZvwig - gynZvwigv BZ¨vw`|
1| c„w_exi me‡P‡q eo fvlv †Mvôx B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlv †Mvôx|
2| evsjv fvlv GB fvlv †Mvôxi AšÍM©Z|

3| evsjv fvlvi `ywU iƒc: (K) •jwLK (L) †gŠwLK|

4| •jwLK fvlvi `ywU iƒc: (K) mvay (L) PwjZ
5| †gŠwLK fvlvi `ywU iƒc: (K) PwjZ (L) AvÂwjK (Dcfvlv)
 mvay fvlvi •ewkó¨:
1| Zrmg k‡ãi e¨envi †ewk|
2| ¸iæM¤¢xi I AvwfRv‡Z¨i AwaKvix|
3| wµqv I me©bvg c‡`i c~Y©v½iƒc ev eo iƒc e¨envi nq|
4| mvay fvlv e¨vKi‡Yi mywbw`©ó wbqg †g‡b P‡j|
5| G fvlv AcwieZ©bxq|
6| wkw¶Z I cwÐZ †kªwYi e¨eüZ fvlv|
7| mvayfvlvq mwÜ ev mgvme× k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM †ewk|
8| mvay fvlvq evbvb mywbw`©ó|
9| mvay fvlv mvaviY K_vevZ©v, e³…Zv I bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx
bq|
10| G fvlv HwZn¨gwÐZ, wKš‘ mK‡ji †evaMg¨ bq|
 PwjZ fvlvi •ewkó¨:
1| G fvlvq Z™¢e, †`wk, we‡`wk I AvÂwjK k‡ãi e¨envi †ewk|
2| wµqv I me©bvg c‡`i msw¶ß iƒc e¨eüZ nq|
3| G fvlv e¨vKi‡Yi mywbw`©ó wbqg †g‡b P‡j bv|
4| G fvlv m`v cwieZ©bkxj|
5| PwjZ fvlv mnR mij I K…wÎgZv ewR©Z|
6| G fvlvq mwÜ I mgvme× k‡ãi e¨envi Kg|
7| G fvlvq evbvb mywbw`©ó bq|
8| PwjZ fvlv mvaviY K_vevZ©v, e³…Zv, bvU‡Ki msjv‡ci
Dc‡hvMx|
9| G fvlv HwZn¨gwÐZ bq, wKš‘ mK‡ji †evaMg¨|
 mvay fvlv †_‡K PwjZ fvlvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii msw¶ß wbqg:
mvay fvlvq AwZwi³ B _v‡K = hvBe-hve, LvBe =
Kwi‡Z-Ki‡Z, ewj‡Z =
AvwR-AvR, gvwi =
mvay fvlvq AwZwi³ D _v‡K = hvDK-hvK, LvDK =
D/I ï× n‡j mvay‡Z D nq = ïb-‡kvb, eySv =
D‡V-I‡V, DVv =
B/G ï× n‡j mvay‡Z B nq = wjL-‡jL, wjLv =
qv/‡q ï× n‡j mvay‡Z qv nq = w`qv-w`‡q, LvBqv =
Av/I ï× n‡j mvay‡Z Av nq = eyov-ey‡ov, Zzjv =
†gvRv-gy‡Rv , eybv =
mvay‡Z me©bvg+wµqvi eoiƒc nq = Zvnvi-Zvi, hvnvi =
ewj‡ZwQ = ejwQ, cwo‡ZwQ =
mvay‡Z k‡ãi KwVbiƒc nq = g¯ÍK-gv_v, n¯Í =
gv`„k-Avgvi gZ, Zv`„k =
PwjZ‡Z cwiYZ K‡iv:
* ïwbqv =
Zzwjqv =
eµ =
gyjv =
Zv`„k =
Zvnv‡`i =
bvDK =
PwjZ‡Z cwiYZ K‡iv:
* ïwbqv = ï‡b
Zzwjqv = Zz‡j
eµ = evuKv
gyjv = gy‡jv
Zv`„k = Zvig‡Zv
Zvnv‡`i = Zv‡`i
bvDK = wbK
 PwjZ ixwZi wb¤œ ev‡K¨ fzj KZwU
 my›`ix bvwi wbDg©v‡K‡U hvBqv kvox wKwbqv Mvox‡Z D‡V wKš‘ evox
wd‡ibv|

 mvay ixwZi wb¤œ ev‡K¨ fzj KZwU

 Kvwj`vm eªvÿY‡K ejj, ÒAh_v wPšÍv K‡i ey‡ov nevi ‡P‡q mveav‡b
¯^cwiev‡i Z‡cve‡Y hvIqv DËgÓ|
 PwjZ ixwZi wb¤œ ev‡K¨ fzj KZwU
 my›`ix bvwi wbDg©v‡K‡U hvBqv kvox wKwbqv Mvox‡Z D‡V wKš‘ evox
wd‡ibv|
 my›`wi bvix wbDgv‡K©‡U ‡h‡q kvwo wK‡b Mvwo‡Z I‡V wKš‘ evwo wd‡i
bv| 10wU
 mvay ixwZi wb¤œ ev‡K¨ fzj KZwU
 Kvwj`vm eªvÿY‡K ejj, ÒAh_v wPšÍv K‡i ey‡ov nevi ‡P‡q mveav‡b
¯^cwiev‡i Z‡cve‡Y hvIqv DËgÓ|
 Kvwj`vm eªvþY‡K ewjj, ÒAh_v wPšÍv Kwiqv eyov nBevi PvB‡Z
mveav‡b mcwiev‡i Z‡cve‡b hvIqv DËgÓ| 8wU
4. b~¨bZv ev AvwaK¨:
 fMœvsk n‡j Zv c~Ym© sL¨vi b~¨bZv ev AvwaK¨ nq|
fMœvsk cwigvY ev MYbv evP‡Ki AšÍM©Z|
msL¨v gv‡b MYbv ev MYbv Øviv jä aviYv| MYbvi g~j GKK ÔGKÕ|
eZ©gvb evsjv e¨vKi‡Y msL¨vkã 2 iK‡gi:
1. µgevPK msL¨vkã:
 G‡Ki ci GK †h msL¨v Av‡m| A_©vr mvaviY MYbv|
h_v: 1 (GK), 2 (`yB), 11 (GMv‡iv), 16 (†lvj), 19 (Dwbk), 20
(wek) BZ¨vw`|
 µgevPK msL¨vk‡ãi GK ev GKvwaK cÖwZkã _vK‡Z cv‡i|
†hgb: `yB msL¨vk‡ãi cÖwZkã wØ, `y Ges †`v| wZb msL¨vk‡ãi
cÖwZkã- wÎ Ges †Z BZ¨vw`|
2. c~iYevPK msL¨vkã:
 †Kv‡bv msL¨vi µwgK Ae¯’vb ev cwigvY‡K †evSvq| A_©vr
µg ev Zg †evSv‡Z †h msL¨v e¨eüZ nq| h_v: cÖ_g, cÖ_gv,
c‡njv G¸‡jv GK msL¨vi µwgK Ae¯’vb wb‡`©k K‡i|
 c~iYevPK msL¨vkã 3 iK‡gi nq:
K) mvaviY c~iYevPK: cÖ_g, wØZxq, Z…Zxq, PZz_,© cÂg, lô,
mßg, Aóg, beg, `kg, GKv`k ev GMv‡ivZg BZ¨vw`| hv
mswÿßiƒ‡c 1g, 2q, 3q, 4_©, 5g, 6ô, 7g, 8g, 9g, 10g,
11Zg BZ¨vw` †jLv nq|
L) ZvwiL c~iYevPK: msL¨v k‡ãi c~iYevP‡K wKQz cÖZ¨q hy³ K‡i
ZvwiLevPK kã •Zwi nq| hv ZvwiL wb‡`©k K‡i ZvB ZvwiL
c~iYevPK| h_v: c‡njv ev cqjv (1jv), †`vmiv (2iv), †PŠVv (4Vv),
cvuPB (5B), QqB (6B), mvZB (7B), Dwb‡k (19†k), we‡k (20†k),
Dbw·k (29†k), GKw·k (31†k)|

M) fMœvsk c~iYevPK: KL‡bv c~Y© msL¨vi LvwbKUv Kg ev †ewk †evSv‡Z

fMœvsk c~iYevPK msL¨v e¨eüZ nq| †hgb: Avav, mv‡o, †cvqv,
†mvqv, †`o, AvovB, †ZnvB, †PŠ_v BZ¨vw`