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Basics of Elec Transformer Theory
Basics of Elec Transformer Theory
Transformer Theory
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Objectives
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Introduction
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Transformer Theory
http://www.ustudy.in/ece/eci/u3
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Transformer Theory
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Transformer Theory
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Transformer Theory
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Transformer Theory
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Transformer Turns Ratio
• Transformer Equation:
where,
• VP and VS are the primary and secondary no‐load voltages
• NP and NS are the number of turns in the primary and
secondary windings
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Transformer Turns Ratio
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Transformer Turns Ratio
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Question #1
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Transformer Efficiency/Losses
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Transformer Efficiency/Losses
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Transformer Efficiency/Losses
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Transformer Taps
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Question #2
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Autotransformer
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Phase Shifting Transformer
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Phase Shifting Transformer
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Distribution Transformer
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Question #3
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Question #3 Answer
a)5000 Volts :
5000 kW
I Total 1000 amps
5 kV
PLosses (1000 amps) 2 (0.5 Ω) 500 kW
Total Generation 5500 kW or 5.5 MW
b)Stepup Transformer
VNew (46)(5000 volts) 230 kV
5000 kW
I Total 21.7 amps
230 kV
PLosses (21.7 amps) 2 (0.5 Ω) 236.3 watts
Total Generation 5,000,236.3 watts or 5000.236 kW
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Lab Volt Exercises
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Summary
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Questions?
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Disclaimer:
PJM has made all efforts possible to accurately document all
information in this presentation. The information seen here
does not supersede the PJM Operating Agreement or the
PJM Tariff both of which can be found by accessing:
http://www.pjm.com/documents/agreements/pjm‐
agreements.aspx
PJM©2014 7/11/2013
Resources and References
• Rustebakke, H. (1983). Electric Utility Systems and Practices.
New York: John Wiley and Sons
• Miller, R. & Malinowski, J. (1993). Power System Operation.
New York: McGraw‐Hill Inc.
PJM©2014 7/11/2013