‫دولت مجهوری اسالمی افغانس تان‬

‫وزارت احیاء وانکشاف دهات‬

‫برانمه میل میثاق شهروندی‬
‫سکتور رسک وپل‬

‫پروپوزل ختنیکی پروژه رسک اکنکرییت‬

‫‪1|Page‬‬
‫”‪Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi‬‬
 ‫رسوی ختنیکی پروژه‬
‫نظر به موضوع پروژه و رشایط آن در والیت دایکندی ‪ ،‬موقعیت پروژه را در مرکز نییل داخل‬
‫شهری جدید نییل آنرا انتخاب منودمی‪ .‬خباطریکه دیگر والسوایل های حتت پالن موضوع پروژه قابل تطبیق‬
‫نبوده بنا" موقعبت پروژه که در داخل شهر جدید نییل انتخاب شده قابل تطبیق بود ه و نظر به ماسرت‬
‫پالن که قبال" هتیه شده این پروژه در داخل ماسرت پالن در فاز اول داخل ساخامتن های اداری‬
‫دولیت ‪ ،‬مارکیت ها و خاهنای رهایشی قرار داش ته و این پروژه متوصل به رسکهای اسایس داخل‬
‫شهرک بوده و رسوی ختنیکی نظر به اماکانت داش ته توسط تیودولیت و یج پیی اس صورت گرفته‬
‫و در جراین رسوی ما سه ات بینچ مارک انتخاب منوده یکی در ابتداء پروژه و یک ات در وسط پروژه‬
‫ومهچنان یک ات د ر خمت پروژه نظر به رضورت ساحه انتخاب شده است‪ .‬طول مجموعی این رسک‬
‫‪ 0241‬مرت و عرض آن طبق رهمنود دفرت مرکزی و سکتور رسک و پل ‪ 5.3‬مرت در نظر گرفتمی ‪.‬چون‬
‫پروژه داخل ساخامتهنا قرار داش ته و دو طرف آنرا جوچیه نزی در نظر گرفتمی ونظر به وضعیت ساحه حتت‬
‫رسوی عوارض آن یعین پس یت وبلندی ارایض مک بود و اجحام کندن اکری و پراکری تفاوت زایده نداش ته‬
‫ارتفاعات نفاط مک میباشد‪ .‬و مه چنان پروژه در سه قسمت تقس می گردیده است‪.‬‬
‫‪ -0‬قسمت اول ای‪ :Street 1-1‬که از رسک اسایس رشوع شده طول آن ‪ 011‬مرت به عرض‬
‫‪ 5.3‬مرت بوده ودر مسری مس تقمی قرار داش ته و در امتداد این امسری دو گوالیی افقی ای‬
‫‪ Horizontal curve‬قرار داش ته و خمت این مسری داخل خانه های رهایشی میباشد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬قسمت دوم ای ‪ : Street2-2‬این مسری از رسک منرب ‪ 0-0‬جدا شده و طول آن ‪241‬‬
‫مرت به عرض ‪ 5.3‬مرت و خمت آن نزی به رسکهای اسایس میباشد‪ .‬و دراین مسری نزی یک‬
‫گوالیی افقی ای ‪ Horizontal curve‬قرار دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬قسمت سوم ‪ : Street 3-3‬این رسک در داخل رسکهای منرب یک و دوم قرار داش ته و‬
‫طول آن ‪411‬مرت به عرض ‪ 5.3‬مرت میباشد‪.‬‬

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‫”‪Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi‬‬
 : )‫دیزاین فرش سرکهای کانکریتی (فرش سخت‬

Design of Plain Cement Concrete (Rigid Pavement):

Design the following details of a plain cement concrete pavement for a one line
Street?

.‫ شامل موضوعات ذیل است که باید محاسبه گردد‬: ‫بخش اول‬

(a)-Spacing of expansion and contraction joints.

(b)-Pavement slab thickness.

(c)-Dowel bars for expansion joints.

(d)-Tie bars for longitudinal joints.

Follow the design procedure recommended by IRC where applicable, Use the
given data, IRC load stress charts for edge and corner regions, and other data not
provide here:

Width of expansion joint gap (δ) =2cm

Maximum temperature in summer (32° C ) and in winter (−6° C)

Thermal coefficient of concrete(C) =10x10−6 per c °

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 Kg⁄
Allowable tensile stress in CC during curing (Sc) =1
cm2

Coefficient of friction (f) =1.6

Kg⁄
Unit weight of CC (w) =2300
m3

Design wheel load (P) =2500Kg

Radius of contact area (a) =15cm

Present traffic intensity (P , ) =100V/day

Kg⁄
Modulus of reaction of sub course (K) = 10
cm3
Kg⁄
Flexural strength (allowable flexural stress) of concrete (FCS) =40
cm2
Kg⁄
E value of concrete =3x 105
cm2

μ value = 0.15

Design load transfer through dowel bar system=40%

Kg⁄
Permissible flexural stress in dowel bar (ft) =1400
cm2
Kg⁄
Permissible Shear stress in dowel bar (fs) =1000
cm2
Kg⁄
Permissible bearing stress in dowel bar (fb) =100
cm2

Dowel bar Diameter =28mm

Tie bar Diameter =12mm

Project age = 6 year

Temperature differential values in the region:

Temperature differential(∆𝑇 ) = 32 + 6 = 38 c °

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 Slab thickness (cm) 15 20 25
Temperature differential in slab in the region (c ° ) 14.6 15.8 16.3

Solution:

(a)-Spacing of expansion and contraction joints.

1 2
Expantion of joint from one side δ, = joint = = 1cm
2 2

δ∙
Spacing of expansion joint(Lexp ) = =>
100 × C × (T1 − T2 )

1
= 26.3m
100x10x10−6 x 38

Which is less than maximum specified of (140m) and so acceptable.

Contraction joint spacing in plain CC:

2Sc x 104 2 x 0.8x 104

Spacing of contraction joint(Lcon ) = = = 4.3m
Wxf 2300 x 1.6

Which is less than 4.50m, so it is hence acceptable.

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
(b)-Pavement slab thickness.

Assume trial thickness of slab = 20cm Radius of relative stiffness

1 1
E × h3 4 3 x 105 x 203 4
(L)= [ ] => [ ] =
12 x K (1−μ2 ) 12 x 8(1−0.152 )
71.1cm

Lx 450 Ly 350
= = 6.3 ∶ = = 4.9
L 71.1 L 71.1
Lx
Warping Stress Coefecient Cx at of 6.3 = 0.9
L
Ly
Warping Stress Coefecient Cy at of 4.9 = 0.7
L

Cy = 0.7 < Cx = 0.9

Temperature differential for 15cm thick slab=15C °

Warping Stress at edge :

Cx x E x C x T 0.9 x 3 x 105 x 10x 10−6 x 15 Kg

Ste = => => 20.25
2 2 Cm2

Residual strength in concrete slab at edge region≔𝑅𝑆 = 𝐹𝑠𝑐 − 𝑆𝑡𝑒

Kg
=40 − 20.25 = 19.75
Cm2

Load Stress in edge region using IRC stress chart corresponding to:

h = 20cm ; K=8

Kg
Se = 27.5
Cm2

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 Redidual strenth 19.75
Factor of safety avilable = = = 0.71 < 1 unsafe
edge load stress 27.5

As the factor of safety is less than (1) it is unsafe: Therefore assume a higher slab
thickness say h=22cm

1 1
3 5 3
Eh 4 3 x 10 x 22 4
L= [ ] => [ ] = 72.2cm
12 x K (1 − μ2 ) 12 x 10(1 − 0.152 )

Lx 450
Warping Stress Coefecient Cx at = = 6.2 = 0.89
L 72.2
Ly 350
Warping Stress Coefecient Cy at = = 4.8 = 0.68
L 72.2

Cy = 0.68 < Cx = 0.89

Temperature differential for 20cm thick slab=15C °

Cx x E x C x T 0.8 x 3x 105 x 10x 10−6 x 15

Warping Stress at edge Ste = => =>
2 2

Kg
18.
Cm2

Residual strength in concrete slab at edge region:𝑅𝑆 = 𝐹𝑠𝑐 − 𝑆𝑡𝑒

Kg
=40 − 18 = 22
Cm2

Load Stress in edge region using IRC stress chart corresponding to:

Kg
h = 22cm ; K = 10 ; Se = 15
Cm2

Redidual strenth 22
Factor of safety avilable = = = 1.02 > 1 it is safe
edge load stress 21.5

As the factor of safety is more than (1) it is safe and acceptable h=22cm

Check for corner load stress:

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 3𝑝 1.2 3×2500 1.2
Load stress at the corner region =Sc= × [1 − (𝑎√2 ) ]= × [1 − (15√2 ) ]
ℎ2 𝑙 222 72.2

(Sc) = 11.93𝑘𝑔/𝑐𝑚2

𝐸×𝐶×𝑡 𝑎 300000×0.00001×15 15
Corner warping stress= Ste = ×√ = ×√
3(1−𝜇) 𝑙 3(1−0.15) 72.2

Ste=5.8kg/cm2

The worst combination of stresses at the corner is:CCS = Sc + Ste =>

Kg
11.93 + 5.8 = 17.73
Cm2
kg
Which is also less than the allowable flexural strength of 40 and hence the
cm2
design is safe.

Adjustment for Traffic Intensity:

Ad = Ṕ(1 + r)(n+20)

Assuming a growth factor (r=5%) and the number of years after the last count
before the new pavement is opened to traffic (n=6):

5 (6+20)
Ad = 50(1 + ) = 178 V/day
100

This traffic intensity being in the range <4500 the adjustment factor is-2cm:

Therefor the revised design thickness of slab: 22-2=20cm

(c)-Dowel bars for expansion joints.

Assume dowel bar diameter = d= 2 cm

Joint width = 𝛿 = 2𝑐𝑚

𝑓𝑡 (𝑙𝑑+1.5𝛿)
For Equal capacity in bending and bearing Ld is equal to = Ld = 5𝑑( 𝑓𝑏× )
(𝑙𝑑+8.8𝛿)

(42.2+1.5×2) 45.54
Ld = 5 ∗ 2.8 ( 1400
100× (42.2+8.8×2)) =45.54cm

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
Assume Ld = 45
Ldmin = Ld + 𝛿 = 45.54+2 = 47.54 cm
Actual length of dowel bar =Ld- 𝛿 =45-2 =43 cm
Load transfer capacity of single dowel bar :

𝑃(𝑆ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑟) =́ 0.785 × 𝑑 2 × 𝑓𝑠 = 0.785 × 2.82 1000 = 6154𝑘𝑔

′ (Bending)
2d3 Ff 2x2.83 x 1400
P = = = 1022.7Kg
Ld + 8.8δ 42.5 + 8.8 x 2

′ (Bearing)
Fb Ld2 d 100 x 42.52 x 2.8
P = = = 889Kg
12.5(Ld + 1.5δ) 12.5(42.5 + 1.5x2)

Taking the lowest value for design (P ′ (Bearing) = 889Kg)

Load Capacity Factor required:

40
Load Capacity of dowel group =2500 x = 1000Kg
100

1000
Capacity Factor (C.F) = = 1.12
889

Spacing of dowel bar:

Radius of relative stiffness for revised slab thickness of h = 20cm:

1 1
3 5 3
Eh 4 3 x 10 x 20 4
L= [ ] => [ ] = 67.25cm
12 x K (1 − μ2 ) 12 x 10(1 − 0.152 )

Effective distance up to which there is load transfer: LTD

LDT = 1.8L = 1.8 x 67.25 = 121.05cm

25-( ‫ قسم در نظر گرفته شود که فاصله شان بین‬dowel bar ‫ کوشش می کنیم که قطر سیخ‬: ‫نوت‬
.‫) بدست آید‬45cm

Assuming a trail Spacing of 15cm between the dowel bars , the capacity available
for the group:

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 𝐿𝑇𝐷−𝑆 𝐿𝑇𝐷−2𝑆 𝐿𝑇𝐷−3𝑆 𝐿𝑇𝐷−4𝑆
AC=1 + + + + => 6.42 > 1.17
𝐿𝑇𝐷 𝐿𝑇𝐷 𝐿𝑇𝐷 𝐿𝑇𝐷

121.05−30 121.05−2×30 121.05−3×30 121.05−4×30

AC=1 + + + + => 2.5 > 1.12
121.05 121.05 121.05 121.05

It is hence to safe

𝑐
∅28 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑙 𝑏𝑎𝑟 , 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 45𝑐𝑚 @30 𝑐𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡
𝑐

(d) Design of Tie Bar:

𝑏×𝑓×ℎ×𝑤
Area of steel per meter length of longitudinal joint 𝐴𝑠 = = 47.39
100×𝑆𝑠

3.5 × 1.6 × 20 × 2300

𝐴𝑠 = = 1.84𝑐𝑚2
100 × 1400

Assuming 1 cm dia bars , so Area of one bar = Aone = 0.785cm2

𝐴𝑠 1.84
Number of its bars required per meter length of joint = Ns= = = 2.34
𝐴𝑜𝑛𝑒 0.785

100 100
Spacing of tie bars = St = = = 42.43 ≅ 40𝑐𝑚
𝑁𝑠 2.34

1×1400
Length of Tie Bar =Lt = = 28.5𝑐𝑚
2×24.6

𝑐
Final, ∅10𝑚𝑚 𝑡𝑖𝑒 𝑏𝑎𝑟𝑠, 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 35@40𝑐𝑚 𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑗𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠
𝑐

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11 | P a g e
Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 ‫محاسبه گولایی افقی‬: ‫دوم‬ ‫بخش‬
Horizontal Curve:

Horizontal curve is a curve in plan to provide change in direction to the central

line of a road. When a vehicle traverses a horizontal curve, the centrifugal force
acts horizontally outwards through the center of gravity of the vehicle.

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
Definitions and nominations of horizontal curves components
PI or V = Point of intersection of two tangents of vertex
∆ Or AD = angle of deviation between two tangents lines which is equal to
internal angel of curve
B.T =Back tangent, the straight line which is located right side of PI
F.T = Forward tangent, the straight line which is located right side of PI
T.C or B.C= starting point of curve
C.T = End point of curve
T= tangents lines both sides of PI
E= external distance, perpendicular distance from PI to center of curve
M = distance from center of curve to center of hypotenuse, M is equal to E
LC= hypotenuse of curve, which continue from TC to CT
R= Radius of curve
DC= Angle which located across of 100ft or 30m hypotenuse
D or d = angle or radius, angle which located across of 100ft or 30m arc
C1= Distance form T.C point to starting of complete station that the length of it
less than 100ft and d1 angle located across of c1
C2= Distance from complete and station to C.T or to end of curve that the d2
angle located across of c2
L= length of curve which is measures from T.C to C.T

For equations of design of horizontal curve

The following equations applicable for both methods of hypotenuse and arc.
For radius of horizontal curve in Arc connection method (R):
1720𝑀
𝑅=
𝐷
For radius of horizontal curve in hypotenuse method (R):
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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 50
𝑅=
∆
𝑆𝑖𝑛( )
2
For minimum radius of horizontal curve (Rmin):
𝑉2 𝑉2
𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑜𝑟 𝑅 = 0.008 ×
15(𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑓) (𝑒 + 𝑓)

For length of curve (L):

∆
𝐿 = 30( )
𝐷
For tangent line (T):
∆
𝑇 = 𝑅 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛( )
2
For external distance (E):
∆
𝐸 = 𝑅(𝑆𝑒𝑐 ( ) − 1)
2
For distance from center of curve to center of hypotenuse (M):
∆
𝑀 = 𝑅(1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 )
2
For finding of (C):
∆
𝐶 = 2𝑅(𝑆𝑖𝑛 )
2
Design of horizontal curve:
Assumed that two tangents by 100 degree intersected each other in station
(0+480) , if as per site conditions of land considered angle of curve
(D=13°degree) , design of curve by method of arcs connections
Data:
Angle of deviations between two tangents line =∆= 80°
Angle of curve = D = 10°
Solution:
Radius of curve

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 1720𝑀 1720𝑀
𝑅= ⇒𝑅= = 132𝑚
𝐷 13
Tangent line,
∆ 100
𝑇 = 𝑅 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛( ) ⇒ 𝑇 = 132 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛( )
2 2
100
𝑇 = 132 × 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) = 157𝑚
2

Starting point of curve,

T.C or B.C = (0+480) – (T)
T.C or B.C = (0+480) – (0+157)
T.C or B.C = 323M

Length of curve: L
∆ 100
𝐿 = 30 ( ) ⇒ 𝐿 = 30 ( ) = 230𝑚
𝐷 13

End point of curve (C.T): T.C + L = (0+323) + (0+230) ⇒ 𝐶. 𝑇 = 553𝑚

∆ 100
𝐸 = 𝑅 (𝑆𝑒𝑐 ( ) − 1) ⇒ 𝐸 = 132 (𝑆𝑒𝑐 ( ) − 1) = 73.35𝑚
2 2

∆ 100
𝑀 = 𝑅 (1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ) ⇒ 𝑀 = 132 (1 − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ) = 47𝑚
2 2
: ‫بعضی قیمت هارا بااستفاده از شکل دریافت می نمایم‬

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
Super Elevation:
In order to counteract the effect of centrifugal force and to reduce the tendency
of the vehicle to overturn or skid, the outer edge of the pavement is raised with
respect to the inner edge, thus providing a transverse inclination to the
pavement surface is known as super elevation or cant or banking. The super
elevation “e” is expressed as the ration of the height of outer edge with respect
to the horizontal width. The super elevation is calculated by the formula:

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Prepared By: Eng.Sayed Mukhtar “qassimi”
 𝑣2
Super elevation =𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = % =
225𝑅

V = Design speed, Km/h

R = Radius of horizontal curve, in (m)
𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = %
Design the rate of super elevation for a horizontal highway curve of radius 40m
and speed 30 kmph
Solution:
V = 30kmph
R=40m
302
Super elevation = 𝑒 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = % = = 0.1%
225×40

As the value is greater than the maximum super elevation of 0.07, the actual
super elevation to be provided is restricted to 0.07.

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