MJ_J[IRI\IN HI\J[NF\IU F

IUZCIN MJ_J[IRI\IN MI@I 9

Lfsusun G`jc Mj`ghpgm 9 1

[uty Jrfni Lihiyintf ;?9?299??9

E`irfssi Bfini _utrf ;?9?299??:
[fshi Cjrhiwitf ;?9?299?9<
Kgnfjti Lwf @jstirf ;?9?299?94
Ricyu _utrf _ihunbmis ;?9?299?92
[ichitfmi Uyfdi Nikf`i ;?9?299?;5
Nuru` Fzzi ;?9?299?;6

Lgsjn _jnbihpu 1 Ns. Ljshiwitf, H.MjgXp., Up.Mjp. Hit, _cL

_[GB[IH U\ZLF UI[AINI MJ_J[IRI\IN

DIMZ@\IU F@HZ MJUJCI\IN
ZNFTJ[UF\IU _JHKINBZNIN NIUFGNI@ TJ\J[IN AIMI[\I

;?;9
 MI\I _JNBIN\I[

_uaf syumur mihf pinaitmin mj cilfrit \ucin Vinb Hici Jsi, mirjni tj`ic hj`fhpicmin

rich
richit
it-N
-Nyi
yi kjkjru
rupi
pi mj
mjsj
sjhp
hpititin
in lilinn pjpjnb
nbjt
jtic
icui
uin
n sjsjcf
cfnb
nbbi
bi himi
himi`i
`ic
c tj
tjnt
ntin
inb
b Isuc
Isucin
in
Mjpjriwitin FNE pili Mi`i F fnf kfsi sj`jsif tjpit wimtu.

\jrfhi misfc aubi mihf ueipmin mjpili tjhin-tjhin yinb tj`ic kjrmgntrfkusf ljnbin
hjhkjrfmin flj-fljnyi sjcfnbbi himi`ic fnf kfsi lfsusun ljnbin kifm lin ripf.

Mihf kjrcirip sjhgbi himi`ic fnf kfsi hjnihkic pjnbjticuin piri pjhkiei. Nihun
tjr`jpis lirf ftu, mihf hjhicihf kicwi himi`ic fnf hisfc aiuc lirf miti sjhpurni, sjcfnbbi
mihff sinbit
mih sinbit hjnbcir
hjnbciripmi
ipmin
n mrftfm
mrftfm sjrti
sjrti sirin
sirin yinb
yinb kjrsfd
kjrsfdit
it hjhkinb
hjhkinbun
un ljh
ljhff tjr
tjrefp
efptin
tinyi
yi
himi`ic sj`inautnyi yinb `jkfc kifm `ibf.

Auhit, : Ngvjhkjr ;?;9

Mj`ghpgm F

f
 LID\I[ FUF

MI\I _JNBIN\I[......................................................................................................................f
LID\I[ FUF...................................................................................................................................ff
KIK F _JNLICZ@ZIN................................................................................................................9
I. @itir Kj`iminb.....
Kj`iminb............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
...................9
............9
K. [uhusin
[uhusin Hisi`ic.....
Hisi`ic...........
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
..............;
........;
E. \uauin......
\uauin.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
........................;
.................;
KIK FF _JHKICIUIN.................................................................................................................5
I. _jnbjrtfin
_jnbjrtfin _jrsi`fnin
_jrsi`fnin Mi`i 9............
9...................
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
........................5
.................5
K. _jnbmiafin
_jnbmiafin Mjpjriwitin
Mjpjriwitin Mi`i 9.............
9...................
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
...................
..................<
......<

E. Lfibngsi
Lfibngsi Mjpjri
Mjpjriwitin
witin Mi`i 9............
9..................
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
...............4
........4
L. Fntjrvjnsf
Fntjrvjnsf Mjpjriwitin
Mjpjriwitin Mi`i 9.............
9...................
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............2
......2
J. Fhp`jhjnti
Fhp`jhjntisf
sf Mjpjriwitin
Mjpjriwitin Mi`i 9..............
9.....................
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
.....................
.................99
...99
D. Jvi`uisf
Jvi`uisf Mjpjriwitin
Mjpjriwitin Mi`i 9..........
9.................
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
.......................9;
................9;
KIK FFF _JNZ\Z_.......................................................................................................................95
I. Mjsfhpu`in.
Mjsfhpu`in.......
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
....................
...................95
......95
K. Uirin........
Uirin...............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
..............
.............
.............
..............
.............
.............
...............
.............................95
.....................95
[JDJ[JNUF..................................................................................................................................9<

ff
 KIK F

_JNLICZ@ZIN

I. @iti
@itirr Kj`i
Kj`imi
minb
nb
_jrsi`fnin hjrupimin prgsjs lfhini kiyf, _`isjnti, lin sj`iput mjtukin mj`uir
lirf utjrus fku kjrsi`fn. _jrsi`fnin ngrhi` tjrailf pili usfi mjcihf`in eumup ku`in itiu
sjtj`ic usfi mjcihf`in 52 hfnbbu itiu `jkfc tinpi pjnyu`ft. _jrsi`fnin lfhu`if sjaim
utjrus
utjrus kjrmgn
kjrmgntri
trimsf
msf lin hjnyjk
hjnyjkikmi
ikmin
n pjruki
pjrukicin
cin pili
pili sjrvfm
sjrvfmss yinb hjhkumi
hjhkumi lin
hjnfpfs
hjnfpfs lin kjrimcfr ljnbin `icfrnyi
`icfrnyi kiyf kjsjrti p`isjnti sjeiri `jnbmip _jnbi`ihin
_jnbi`ihin
pjrsi`fnin kfsi lfi`ihf g`jc fku pjrtihi mi`f (prfhf), hiupun mjlui itiu `jkfc (hu`tf).
(Diuzfic, ;?9:). \inli-tinli mjcihf`in prfhfbrivfli sjpjrtf pjrut tjbinb, `ik`i hiygri
tihpim kjrsitu, cypjn sjpjrtf pili kjkjripi tjhpit, vibfni sjhpft ljnbin rubij yinb
utuc airf, pjrfnjuh utuc lin kifm. _ili sjrvfms tjrlipit pjhkumiin yinb lf licu`uf
ljnbin pjnlitirin lin sjtj`ic ftu kiru pjhkumiin (pjhkumiin riti-riti 9 eh li`ih ;
ah) @ihi mi`i F untum prfhfbrivfli kjr`inbsunb 9; aih sjlinbmin hu`tfbrivfli `ihi
mi`i F hu`tfbrivfli 3 aih (Hgetir, 9663).
Rinfti yinb hj`icfrmin hjnbciripmin pjrsi`fnin kjr`inbsunb tinpi risi nyjrf,
Kjrkib
Kjrkibif
if eiri
eiri lf`imu
lf`imumin
min ibir fku hj`icf
hj`icfrmi
rmin
n tflim
tflim sj`i`u
sj`i`u hjrisi
hjrisi simft
simft lin hjrisi
hjrisi
nyihin. Uiit fnf cfnbbi :?% pjrsi`fnin lf sj`uruc ruhic simft lf Fnlgnjsfi hjhf`fc

hj`imumin
hj`imum in gpjrisf
gpjrisf ejetfg
ejetfg eijsir
eijsirji,
ji, tfnbbf
tfnbbfnyi
nyi gpjrisf
gpjrisf eijsir
eijsir lfsjki
lfsjkikmin
kmin piri
piri fku
prfhfbrivfli yinb cjnlim kjrsi`fn `jkfc hjhf`fc gpjrisf ejetfg eijsirji mirjni tflim
muit lin tflim fnbfn hjnbi`ihf nyjrf pjrsi`fnin pili siit mi`i 9 hjnurut pjnj`ftfin
(Aiyint
(Aiyintcf,
cf, ;?9?).
;?9?). \jmnfm
\jmnfm rj`ims
rj`imsisf
isf nidis
nidis li`ih
li`ih lipit
lipit hjnbjn
hjnbjnli`
li`fmi
fmin
n nyjrf
nyjrf ljnbin
ljnbin
hjhfnfhi`min imtfdftis sfhpitfm li`ih sfstjh sirid gtgngh. Fku hjnfnbmitmin imtfdftis
mghpgn
mghpgnjn
jn si
siri
ridd piris
pirisfh
fhpi
pitf
tfm
m vjbjt
vjbjtit
itfd
fd sj
sjei
eiri
ri sf
sfhu
hu`t
`tin
in.. \jmnf
\jmnfm
m tj
tjrs
rsjk
jkut
ut li
lipit
pit
hjnburinbf sjnsisf nyjrf yinb lf risimin lin hjnbgntrg` fntjnsftis rjimsf fku tjrcilip
risi nyjrf. Cgrhgn ilrjni`fn lin mgrtfsg` yinb hjnyjkikmin strjss imin hjnurun, fku
lipit hjnfnbmitmin mgnsjntrisf lin hjrisi tjninb sjcfnbbi hjhulicmin fku untum
hjnbit
hjnbitur
ur pjrnid
pjrnidisi
isin
n sihpif
sihpif drjmuj
drjmujnsf
nsf pjrnid
pjrnidisi
isin
n murinb
murinb lirf
lirf 4?-2?x/
4?-2?x/hjn
hjnft.
ft. Milir
Milir

9
 _iEG; imin hjnfnbmit lin hjnurunmin _C sjcfnbbi imin hjnfnbmitmin milir gmsfbjn
li`ih liric (Cjnljrsgn, ;??:)

K. [uhu
[uhusi
sin
n Hisi
Hisi`i
`ic
c

9. Ipi pjnbjr
pjnbjrtfi
tfin
n pjrsi
pjrsi`fn
`fnin
in mi`i
mi`i 97
;. Ipi siai
siai pjnbmiafin
pjnbmiafin yinb lf`imumi
lf`imumin
n pili prgsjs
prgsjs pjrsi`
pjrsi`fnin
fnin mi`i
mi`i 97
5. Ipi siai
siai hisi`ic
hisi`ic mjpjriwitin
mjpjriwitin yinb
yinb kfisinyi
kfisinyi tfhku`
tfhku` pili prgsjs
prgsjs pjrsi`fn
pjrsi`fnin
in mi`i
97
<. Ipi siai
siai rjneini
rjneini mjpjriwitin
mjpjriwitin yinb
yinb imin lf`imumi
lf`imumin
n pili prgsjs
prgsjs pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin mi`i97
mi`i97
:. Ipi siai
siai tfnlimin
tfnlimin mjpjriwitin
mjpjriwitin yinb
yinb lf`imumin
lf`imumin pili
pili prgsjs
prgsjs pjrsi`fni
pjrsi`fnin
n mi`i 97

E. \uauin
9. Hjnbjticuf
Hjnbjticuf lin
lin hjhicihf
hjhicihf pjnbjrtfin
pjnbjrtfin lirf pjrsi`fnin
pjrsi`fnin mi`i 9
;. Hjnbjti
Hjnbjticuf
cuf lin hjhicih
hjhicihff pjnbmia
pjnbmiafin
fin yinb lf`imumin
lf`imumin pili prgsjs
prgsjs pjrsi`
pjrsi`fni
fnin
n
mi`i 9
5. Hjnbj
Hjnbjti
ticuf
cuf li
lin
n hjhi
hjhici
cihf
hf hisi
hisi`i
`ic
c mjpjr
mjpjriw
iwit
itin
in yi
yinb
nb kf
kfis
isin
inyi
yi tf
tfhk
hku`
u` pi
pili
li
prgsjs pjrsi`fnin mi`i 9
<. Hjnbj
Hjnbjti
ticuf
cuf li
lin
n hjhi
hjhicih
cihff rj
rjne
nein
inii mj
mjpjr
pjriw
iwit
itin
in yi
yinb
nb imin
imin lf
lf`i
`imu
mumi
min
n pil
pilii
prgsjs pjrsi`fnin mi`i 9
:. Hjnbjti
Hjnbjticuf
cuf lin hjhicihf
hjhicihf tfnlimi
tfnlimin
n mjpjriw
mjpjriwiti
itin
n yinb
yinb lf`
lf`imu
imumin
min pili prgsjs
prgsjs
pjrsi`fnin mi`i 9

;
 KIK FF

_JHKICIUIN

I. _jnbjrt
_jnbjrtfin
fin _jrs
_jrsi`fn
i`fnin
in M
Mi`i
i`i 9

Mi`i 9 pjrsi`fnin
pjrsi`fnin ili`ic pjrhu`iin
pjrhu`iin mgntrimsf
mgntrimsf pjrsi`fnin
pjrsi`fnin sjaitf,
sjaitf, yinb lftinlif
lftinlif
g`jc pjrukicin sjrvfms yinb prgbrjsfd
prgbrjsfd yinb lfimcfrf
lfimcfrf ljnbin pjhkumiin
pjhkumiin `jnbmip
`jnbmip (l
9? eh) pili prfhfpiri
prfhfpiri mi`i
mi`i F kjr`inbsunb
kjr`inbsunb mfri-mfr
mfri-mfrii 95 aih, sjlinbmin
sjlinbmin pili hu`tfpir
hu`tfpirii
mfri-mfri 2 aih (_jdkrfintf, ;?9:).

\jrlipit ; disj pili mi`i situ, yiftu 1

9. Disj @i
@itjn
Hjrupimin pjrfglj wimtu lirf iwi` pjrsi`fnin cfnbbi mj tftfm mjtfmi pjhkumiin
hu`if kjrai`in sjeiri prgbrjsfd, yinb uhuhnyi lfhu`if sjaim mgntrimsf hu`if
huneu` cfnbbi pjhkumiin 9-5 eh itiu pjrhu`iin disj imtfd yinb kjr`inbsunb
li`ih 2-3 aih. Uj`ihi disj fnf prjsjntisf hjnbi`ihf pjnurunin sjlfmft cfnbbi
tflim sihi sjmi`f.
;. Disj Im
Imtfd
Hjrupimin pjrfglj wimtu lirf iwi` mjhiauin imtfd pjhkumiin hjnailf mghp`ft
lin hjneimup
hjneimup disj
disj trinsf
trinsfsf,
sf, pjhkumii
pjhkumiin
n pili uhuhnyi
uhuhnyi lfhu`if
lfhu`if lirf 5 -< eh
eh
cfnbbi 9? eh lin kjr`inbsunb sj`ihi 4 aih. _jnurunin kibfin prjsjntisf ainfn

yinb prgbrjsfd tjrailf sj`ihi imcfr disj imtfd lin sj`ihi mi`i ; pjrsi`fnin.

5
 Disj imtfd lfkibf li`ih 5 disj, yiftu 1
9) Di
Disj
sj ims
imsj`
j`jr
jris
isff
\jrailf li`ih wimtu ; aih pjhkumiin 5 eh hjnailf < eh
;) Di
Disj
sj lf`i
lf`iti
tisf
sf
\jrailf li`ih wimtu ; aih pjhkumiin sinbit ejpit, lirf < hjnailf 6 eh
5) Di
Disj
sj ljsj
ljsj`j
`jri
risf
sf
_jhkumiin hjnailf `ihkin mjhki`f li`ih wimtu ; aih pjhkumiin 6 eh
hjnailf `jnbmip (_riwfrgcirlag, ;??:).

_ili mi`i 9 tubis tjnibi mjsjcitin ili`ic hjnbiwisf lin hjninihmin sjhinbit
mjpili fku kicwi prgsjs pjrsi`fnin ili`ic dfsfg`gbfs, sjrti tinihmin risi pjreiyi lfrf
lin risi pjreiyi mjpili tjnibi mjsjcitin yinb hjhkintu prgsjs pjrsi`fnin.
_jhkjrfin gkit itiu tfnlimin cinyi lf`imumin ipikf`i pjr`u lin ilinyi fnlfmisf.
Ipikf`i mjiliin mjtukin kj`uh pjeic, winfti fnpirtu kg`jc lulum itiu kjrai`in-ai`in.

Afmi fnbfn kjrkirfnb, sjkifmnyi mjsfsf tjr`jtimnyi punbbunb ainfn. Nihun afmi mjtukin
sulic pjeic, winfti tjrsjkut lf`irinb kjrai`in-ai`in lin cirus li`ih mjiliin kjrkirfnb.
_ili mi`i pjhkumiin winfti lf`irinb hjnbjlin mirjni kj`uh wimtunyi lin cinyi imin
hjnbcikfsmin tjnibi fku.

K. _jnbmia
_jnbmiafin
fin Mjpjriw
Mjpjriwiti
itin
n Mi`i
Mi`i 9

9. Inihnjsi
i) Nihi
Nihi,, uhur
uhur,, l
lin
in i`i
i`ihi
hitt
k) \inyimin ipimic _rfhfbrivfli (mjcihf`in pjrtihi) itiu Hu`tfbrivfli
(mjcihf`in `jkfc lirf 9x)

<
 e) Cirf
Cirf pjrtih
pjrtihii cifl
cifl tjrimcf
tjrimcfrr (C_C\
(C_C\))
l) [f
[fwi
wiyi
yitt ii`j
`jrb
rbff g
gki
kitt
j) [fwi
[fwiyi
yitt mj
mjci
cihf
hf`i
`in
n sj
sjmi
miri
rinb
nb11 INE,
INE, hisi
hisi`i
`ic
c yi
yinb
nb lf
lfi`
i`ih
ihff sj
sj`i
`ihi
hi
mjcihf`in sjpjrtf pjrliricin, mipin hu`if mgntrimsf, ipimic bjrimin kiyf
hisf
hisfc
c tj
tjri
risi
si,, ip
ipimi
imic
c sj
sj`i
`iput
put mjtuk
mjtukin
in su
sulic
lic pj
pjeic
eic77 Af
Afmi
mi yi, ei
eifr
frin
in
wirniny
wirninyii ipi7
ipi7 Mjnti`
Mjnti`// jnejr7
jnejr7 Mipin
Mipin pjeicny
pjeicnyi7
i7 Ipimic
Ipimic mj`uir
mj`uir liric
liric
pjrvibfni7 Kjreim itiu liric sjbir7 Mipin fku tjrimcfr himin lin
hfnuh7 Ipimic fku mjsu`ftin kjrmjhfc7
d) [f
[fwi
wiyi
yitt mjcihf
mjcihf`i
`in
n sjkj`u
sjkj`uhn
hnyi
yi
b) [fwiyit
[fwiyit hjlfs
hjlfs `ifnnyi
`ifnnyi sjpjrt
sjpjrtff cfpjrtjns
cfpjrtjnsf,
f, pjrnidisi
pjrnidisin
n
c) [f
[fwi
wiyi
yitt hjlf
hjlfss si
siit
it fnf
fnf (s
(sim
imft
ft mjpi`i
mjpi`i,, pu
pusf
sfnb
nb,, hui`
hui`,, hunt
huntic
ic it
itiu
iu ny
nyjr
jrff
jpfbistrfuh)

;. _jhj
_jhjrf
rfms
msii
iin
n Dfs
Dfsfm
fm
i) \una
\unaumm
ummin
in sfm
sfmip
ip ri
rihi
hic
c
k) Hfnti hjnbgsgnbmin minlunb mjhfc
e) Nf`
Nf`if mjil
mjilii
iin
n uh
uhuh
uh,, suisi
uisini
ni cit
citf, tfn
fnbm
bmit
it mjbj
mjbj``fs
fsic
icin
in,, wir
wirni
mgnaunbtfvi, mjkjrsfcin, stitus bfzf, lin mjkutucin eifrin tukuc
l) Nf`if
Nf`if tinli ― tinli
tinli vfti` (\L,
(\L, Nilf,
Nilf, sucu, lin
lin pjrnidisin),
pjrnidisin), untum
untum imurisf
imurisf
`imumin pjhjrfmsiin \L lin nilf lfintiri lui mgntrimsf.
j) _j
_jhj
hjrf
rfms
msii
iin
n iklgh
iklghjn
jn
9. Hjnj
Hjnjnt
ntum
umin
in tfn
tfnbb
bbff dunlu
dunluss

;. Mgnt
Mgntri
rims
msff utjr
utjrus
us
5. _i
_i`p
`pis
isff auh`
auh`ic
ic mgntr
mgntrim
imsf
sf li`ih
li`ih 9? hjnf
hjnft,
t, lu
luri
risf
sf lin `i
`ihi
hiny
nyii
mgntrimsf

:
 ◇ Hjhintiu ljnyut aintunb ainfn (ngrhi` 9;?-94?x/hjnft)

◇ Hjnjntumin prjsjntisf (kgmgnb itiu mjpi`i)

◇ Hjnjntumin pjnurunin kibfin tjrkiwic ainfn
◇ _jhjrfmsiin li`ih
<. Nf`if
Nf`if pjhku
pjhkumii
miin
n lin pjnfp
pjnfpfsi
fsin
n sjrvfm
sjrvfmss
:. Nf`if
Nf`if pjnurun
pjnurunin
in kibfin
kibfin tjrkiw
tjrkiwic
ic lin ipimic
ipimic sulic
sulic hisum rgnbbi
rgnbbi
pinbbu`
4. Afmi
Afmi kibfin
kibfin tjrkiwi
tjrkiwic
c mjpi`i,
mjpi`i, pistfmi
pistfmin
n pjtunaum
pjtunaumnyi
nyi

E. Lfibngsi
Lfibngsi Mjpjriw
Mjpjriwiti
itin
n Mi`i
Mi`i 9

9. Nyjrf
Nyjrf Imut kjrcuku
kjrcukunbin
nbin ljnbin
ljnbin Mgntrims
Mgntrimsff Ztjrus
Ztjrus sj`ihi
sj`ihi pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin (L.??22,
(L.??22,
Ci`ihin 92;, ULMF)
;. Mj`jtfcin
Mj`jtfcin kjrcukunbi
kjrcukunbin
n ljnbin pjnfnbmitin
pjnfnbmitin mjkutucin
mjkutucin jnjrbf imfkit pjnfnbmitin
pjnfnbmitin
hjtikg`fsh
hjtikg`fshjj sjmunljr
sjmunljr imfkit nyjrf sj`ihi
sj`ihi pjrsi`fnin
pjrsi`fnin (L.??:2, Ci`ihin
Ci`ihin 95?,
ULMF)

5. Binbbuin
Binbbuin [isi Nyihin
Nyihin kjrcukunbin
kjrcukunbin ljnbin nyjrf
nyjrf pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin (L.??2<,
(L.??2<, Ci`ihin
Ci`ihin

4
 944, ULMF)

L. Fntjrvjn
Fntjrvjnsf
sf Mjpjr
Mjpjriwit
iwitin
in Mi`i
Mi`i 9

Lfibngsi Mjpjriwitin \uauin lin Mrftjrfi [jneini \fnlimin

Cisf`

Nyjr
Ny Imut kjrcukunbin \u
jrff Imut \uau
auin
in11 lfci
lfciri
ripm
pmin
in fk
fku
u 9. Mi
Miaaf mgnt
mgntrrims
imsf ut
utjr
jrus
us lin
lin
lj
ljnb
nbin
in Mgntrimsf Ztjrus hi
Mgntrimsf hih
hpu hjnb
hjnbjn
jnli
li``fmin
min mjtflimnyihinin
sj`ihi pjrsi`fnin nyjrf
nyjrfnyi
nyi lj
ljnb
nbin
in mr
mrft
ftjr
jrfi
fi [isfgni`1 untum
jv
jvi`
i`ui
uisf
sf fku
fku hjnyi
hjnyiti
timin
min hjnb
nbjjticuf mj
mjh
hiauin
hjnj
hjnjrf
rfhi
hi ri
risi
si ny
nyjr
jrfn
fnyi
yi pjrsi`fnin lin
sj
sjki
kibi
biff prgs
prgsjs
js df
dfsf
sfg`
g`gb
gbfs
fs mjt
mjtfl
flim
imny
nyih
ihin
inin
in yinb
yinb
pjrsi`fnin lfrisimin fku
;. Mi
Miaf
af tjnt
tjntin
inb
b hjtg
hjtglj
lj pjrj
pjrjli
li
ny
nyjr
jrff yi
yinb
nb lf
lfmjt
mjtic
icuf
uf lin
lfi`ihf.
[isfgni`1 nyjrf pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin
kjrsfdit unfm lin kjrkjli―
kjli tfip fnlfvflu. [jspgn
tjrcilip nyjrf sinbit
tjrbintunb kuliyi,

pjnbi`ihin tjrlicu`u lin

sjrti
sjrti lumunbin
lumunbin jhgsfg
jhgsfgni`
ni`
tjrhisum grinb yinb
lffnbfnmin.
5. Miaf dimtgr yinb lipit
hjnu
nurrunm
nmiin tg`jrinsf
tjrcilip nyjrf
[isfgni
[is `1 hjnbfljntfdfmisf
fgni`1
ai`in mj`uir yinb cirus

2
 lf`imumin.
<. Murinbf lin cf`inbmin
dimtgrr yinb hjnfnbmitmi
dimtg hjnfnbmitmin
n
nyjrf

[isfgni`1 tflim hjnihkic

nyjrf m`fjn
:. Aj`ismin hjtglj pjrjli
nyjrf yinb ili sjpj
pjrrtf
rj
rj`i
`ims
msis
isf,
f, hiss
hissibj
ibj,, pg
pg`i
`i
pjrnidisin, pjhkjrfin
pgsfsf, gkit ― gkitin
[isfgni`1 hjhunbmfnmin
`j
`jkf
kfc
c ki
kiny
nyim
im i`
i`tj
tjrn
rnit
itfv
fvjj
yinb lfhf`fmf g`jc fku.
4. @i
@imu
mumi
min
n pj
pjru
ruki
kici
cin
n pg
pgsf
sfsf
sf
sj
sjsu
suif
if ljnbi
ljnbin
n mjfnb
mjfnbfn
fnin
in
fku, tjtipf fnbfn lf tjhpit
tflur inaurmin untum hfrfnb
mj mfrf
[isfgni`1 nyjrf pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin
kjrsfdit sinbit fnlfvflui`

sj
sjcf
cfnb
nbbi
bi pgpgsf
sfsf
sf nyih
nyihin
in
tfip fnlfvflu imin kjrkjli,
hfr
frffnb mf
mfrrf lf
lfin
inau
aurrmin
min
mi
mirj
rjni
ni hjhi
hjhims
msfh
fhi`
i`mi
min
n
euric aintunb fku.
2. Kjkjripi tjmnfm
pjnbjnli`fin nyjrf
[j`imsisf Hissibj
[isfgni`1 Kjrtuauin untum
hjhf
hjhfnf
nfhi
hi`m
`min
in imtfv
imtfvft
ftis
is

3
 sfhpitfs pili systjh
gtgngh sjcfnbbi fku lipit
hjhjeic sfm`us
mjtjbinbin-insfjtis-nyjrf.

Hissibj yinb `jkfc hulic

lffnbit lin hjnirfm
pjrcitfin ili`ic yinb
lf`imumin grinb `ifn.

Mj`jtfcin kjrcukunbin \u
\uau
auin
in 1 Lf
Lfcir
cirip
ipmin
min fk
fku
u 9. Miaf tinli ― tinli vfti`
ljnbin pjnfnbmitin tflim hjnbi`ihf
hjnbi`ihf mj`jtfcin
mj`jtfcin yif
yiftu nilf
nilf lin
lin tjmin
jminin
in
mjkutuc
mjkutucin
in jnjrbf imfkit lj
jnjrbf imfkit ljnbi
nbin
n mrft
mrftjr
jrfi
fi jvi`u
jvi`uis
isf1
f1 liric
pjnfnbmitin
pjnfnbmi hjtikg`fshj ni
tin hjtikg`fshj nilf
lf14
14?-
?-3?
3?x/
x/hj
hjnf
nftt (s
(sii
iitt [isfgni`1 nilf lin tjminin
sj
sjmu
munl
nljr
jr imfk
imfkit
it nyjrf tflim
yjrf ili cfs), fku liric lipit hjnailf
sj`ihi pjrsi`fnin hjnyitimin hisfc fn
fnlf
lfei
eitg
tgrr tj
tjrc
rcil
ilip
ip st
stit
itus
us
hjhf`fmf eumup tjnibi cflrisf lin jnjrby fku.
;. In
Inaaur
urmi
min
n unt
untum rj
rj``imsi
imsisf
sf
lin fstfric
iciit lf intiri
mgntrimsf
[isfgni`1 hjnburinbf
kjrtihkicnyi mj`jtfcin
lin
lin hjn
jnbc
bcjh
jhit
it jn
jnjr
jrby
by

yinb
yinb lf
lfku
kutu
tucm
cmin
in untu
untum
m
pjrsi`fnin
5. Uirinmin suihf itiu
mj`uirbi untum
hjnlihpfnbf fku
[isfgni`1 lumunbin
jhgsf
jhgsfgni`
gni` mcusus
mcususnyi
nyi lirf
lirf
grinb ― grinb yinb kjrirtf
kibf fku lipit hjhkjrfmin

6
 mjmuitin
mjmuitin lin hgtfvisf kibf
fku
<. Uirin
inm
min mj`ui
uirrbi un
unttum
hjniwirmin lin

hjhkjrfmin hfnuhin itiu

himinin mjpili fku
[isfgni`1 himi
himini
nin
n li
lin
n
isupin
isupin eifrin
eifrin yinb eumup
eumup
imin hjhkjrf `jkfc kinyim
jnjrby lin hjnejbic
ljcflrisf yinb
hjhp
hjhpjr
jr`i
`ihk
hkit
it mgntr
mgntrim
imsf
sf
itiu mgntrimsf tflim tjritur.

n [isi Nyihin \uauin

Binbbuin
Binbbui 1 Zntum 9. Hg
Hgnf
nftg
tgrr LAA
LAA li
lin
n Cfs
Cfs
kjrcukunbin ljnbin nyjrf hjnbcf`inbmin itiu [isfgni`1 Hjnbjticuf
pjrsi`fnin hjnburinbf risi tflim mjiliin ainfn lin mgntrimsf
nyihin yinb lfi`ihf m`fjn, fku
lin hjnburinbf nyjrf yinb ;. Ia
Iair
irmi
min
n tjmnf
tjmnfm
m rj`i
rj`ims
msis
isff
lfi`ihf m`fjn [isfgni`1 Hjnburinbf
nyjr
nyjrff lin
lin hjhul
jhulic
icmi
min
n
mjhiauin pjrsi`fnin

5. It
Itur
ur pgs
pgsfs
fsff m`
m`fj
fjn
n (U
(Ujs
jsui
uiff
mjnyihinin m`fjn,
inaurmin hfrfnb mj mfrf)
[isfgni`1 Hjhkjrfmin
risi nyihin
<. Iwisf rjspgn jhgsfgni`
pisfjn tjrcilip prgsjs
nyjrf
[isfgni`1 Hjnf`if mjiliin

9?
 nyjrf
:. Iwisf tinli-tinli
pjrsi`fnin `jnbmip
[isfgni`1 Hjnlumunb

pjrsi`fnin ngrhi`

J. Fhp`jhj
Fhp`jhjntis
ntisff Mjpjri
Mjpjriwiti
witin
n Mi`i
Mi`i 9

9. Nyjrf
Nyjrf Imut kjrcuku
kjrcukunbin
nbin ljnbin
ljnbin Mgntrims
Mgntrimsff Ztjrus
Ztjrus sj`ihi
sj`ihi pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin (L.??22,
(L.??22,
Ci`ihin 92;, ULMF)
i. Hjnbmi
Hjnbmiaf
af mgntri
mgntrimsf
msf utjru
utjruss lin mjtfli
mjtflimnyi
mnyihin
hinin
in
k. Hjnbmiaf tjntinb hjtglj pjrjli nyjrf yinb lfmjticuf lin lfi`ihf.
e. Hjnbmiaf
Hjnbmiaf dimtgr
dimtgr yinb lipit
lipit hjnurunm
hjnurunmin
in tg`jrins
tg`jrinsff tjrcilip
tjrcilip nyjrf
nyjrf
l. Hjnburinbf
Hjnburinbf lin cf`inb
cf`inbmin
min dimtgr
dimtgr yinb hjnfnbmitmi
hjnfnbmitmin
n nyjrf
nyjrf
j. Hjnaj`
Hjnaj`ism
ismin
in lin hjhkint
hjhkintu
u fku hj`imumi
hj`imumin
n hjtglj
hjtglj pjrjli
pjrjli nyjrf yinb
yinb ili
sjpjrt
sjpjrtff rj`ims
rj`imsisf
isf,, hissib
hissibj,
j, pg`i
pg`i pjrnid
pjrnidisi
isin,
n, pjh
pjhkjr
kjrfin
fin pgsfsf
pgsfsf,, gkit ―
gkitin
d. Hj`imu
Hj`imumin
min pjrukici
pjrukicin
n pgsfsf
pgsfsf sjsuif
sjsuif ljnbin
ljnbin mjfnbfni
mjfnbfnin
n fku, tjtipf
tjtipf fnbfn
fnbfn lf
tjhpit tflur inaurmin untum hfrfnb mj mfrf
b. Hjhk
Hjhkint
intu
u hj`i
hj`imu
mumin
min kjkjr
kjkjrip
ipii tj
tjmn
mnfm
fm pj
pjnbj
nbjnl
nli`
i`fi
fin
n ny
nyjr
jrff [j`i
[j`ims
msis
isff
Hissibj

;. Mj`jtfcin
Mj`jtfcin kjrcukunbi
kjrcukunbinn ljnbin pjnfnbmitin
pjnfnbmitin mjkutucin
mjkutucin jnjrbf imfkit pjnfnbmitin
pjnfnbmitin
hjtikg`fsh
hjtikg `fshjj sjmunljr
sjmunljr imfkit nyjrf sj`ihi
sj`ihi pjrsi`fnin
pjrsi`fnin (L.??:2, Ci`ihin
Ci`ihin 95?,
ULMF)
i. Hjnbmiaf
Hjnbmiaf tinli
tinli ― tinli vfti` yiftu nilf lin
lin tjminin
tjminin liric
k. Hjnbinaurmin untum rj`imsisf lin fstfricit lfintiri mgntrimsf
e. Hjnyirinmin
Hjnyirinmin suihf itiu mj`uirbi
mj`uirbi untum
untum hjnlihpfnbf
hjnlihpfnbf fku
l. Hjnyirinmin
Hjnyirinmin mj`uir
mj`uirbi
bi untum hjniwirmin
hjniwirmin lin
lin hjhkjrfmin
hjhkjrfmin hfnuhin
hfnuhin itiu
himinin mjpili fku
5. Binbbuin
Binbbuin [isi Nyihin
Nyihin kjrcukunbin
kjrcukunbin ljnbin nyjrf
nyjrf pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin (L.??2<,
(L.??2<, Ci`ihin
Ci`ihin
944, ULMF)

99
 i. Hjhg
Hjhgnf
nftg
tgrr LAA
LAA lin
lin Cfs
Cfs
k. Hjnbiairmin tjmnfm rj`imsisf
e. Hjnbitur
Hjnbitur pgsfsf
pgsfsf m`fjn
m`fjn (Ujsuif
(Ujsuif mjnyihinin
mjnyihinin m`fjn,
m`fjn, inaurm
inaurmin
in hfrfnb
hfrfnb mj mfrf)
mfrf)
l. Hjnbiwisf
Hjnbiwisf rjspgn jhgsfgni`
jhgsfgni` pisfjn tjrcilip
tjrcilip prgsjs
prgsjs nyjrf
j. Hjnbiw
Hjnbiwisf
isf tinl
tinli-t
i-tinl
inlii pjrsi`f
pjrsi`fnin
nin `jnbm
`jnbmip
ip

D. Jvi`uis
Jvi`uisff Mjpjriw
Mjpjriwiti
itin
n Mi`i
Mi`i 9

Lfibngsi Jvi`uisf

Nyjr
Nyjrff Imut
Imut kjr
kjrcuku
cukunbin
nbin ljnbin
ljnbin i) _isfjn
_isfjn hj`i
hj`ipgr
pgrmin
min nyjr
nyjrff kjrmu
kjrmurin
rinb
b
Mgntrimsf Ztjrus sj`ihi pjrsi`fnin k) Hjnunaummin pgstur lin jmsprjsf
wiaic rf`jms
(L.??22, Ci`ihin 92;, ULMF)
e) _isfjn
_isfjn hjri
hjrisim
simin
in nyjrf
nyjrf kjrmur
kjrmurinb
inb
pili smi`i nyjrf (?-;)

Mj`jtfcin kj
kjrc
rcuk
ukun
unbi
bin
n lj
ljnb
nbin
in i) _isfjn
_isfjn kjrfs
kjrfstfr
tfrici
icitt lftjnbic
lftjnbic-tj
-tjnbic
nbic
pj
pjnf
nfnb
nbmi
miti
tin
n mjku
mjkutu
tuci
cin
n jnjr
jnjrbf
bf mgntrimsf
k) _isfjn lflihpfnbf suihf sj`ihi
im
imfki
fkitt pjnfn
pjnfnbm
bmiti
itin
n hjtik
hjtikg`f
g`fsh
shjj
prgsjs mgntrimsf lin pjrsi`fnin
sj
sjm
munljr imfk
mfkit nyjrf
jrf sj`ih
`ihi e) _isfjn
_isfjn mgnt
mgntrim
rimsf
sf ljnbi
ljnbinn jnjrbf
jnjrbf yinb
pjrsi`fnin (L.??:2
(L.??:2,, Ci`ihi
Ci`ihin
n 95?, muit tinpi ljcflrisf

ULMF)

Binbbuin [isi Nyihin i) _isfjn

_isfjn hjnuna
hjnunaummi
ummin n pgst
pgstur
ur lin
kjrcukunbin ljnbin nyjrf jmsprjsf wiaic rf`jms

pjrsi`fnin (L.??2<
(L.??2<,, Ci`ihi
Ci`ihin
n 944, k) _isfjn tihpim kfsi hjnbitur stitus
jhgsfgni` siit mgntrimsf
ULMF)

9;
 KIK FFF

_JNZ\Z_

I. Mjsf
Mjsfhp
hpu`
u`in
in
_jrsi`fnin hjrupimin prgsjs lfhini kiyf, _`isjnti, lin sj`iput mjtukin mj`uir
lirf utjrus fku kjrsi`fn. _jrsi`fnin ngrhi` tjrailf pili usfi mjcihf`in eumup ku`in itiu
sjtj`ic usfi mjcihf`in 52 hfnbbu itiu `jkfc tinpi pjnyu`ft. _jrsi`fnin lfhu`if sjaim
utjrus
utjrus kjrmgn
kjrmgntri
trimsf
msf lin hjnyjk
hjnyjkikmi
ikmin
n pjruki
pjrukicin
cin pili
pili sjrvfm
sjrvfmss yinb hjhkumi
hjhkumi lin
hjnfpfs lin kjrimcfr ljnbin `icfrnyi kiyf kjsjrti p`isjnti sjeiri `jnbmip. _jnbi`ihin
pjrsi`fnin kfsi lfi`ihf g`jc fku pjrtihi mi`f (prfhf), hiupun mjlui itiu `jkfc (hu`tf).
(Diuzfic, ;?9:).
Mi`i 9 pjrsi`fnin
pjrsi`fnin ili`ic pjrhu`iin
pjrhu`iin mgntrimsf
mgntrimsf pjrsi`fnin
pjrsi`fnin sjaitf,
sjaitf, yinb lftinlif
lftinlif
g`jc pjrukicin sjrvfms yinb prgbrjsfd
prgbrjsfd yinb lfimcfrf
lfimcfrf ljnbin pjhkumiin
pjhkumiin `jnbmip
`jnbmip (l
9? eh) pili prfhfpiri
prfhfpiri mi`i
mi`i F kjr`inbsunb
kjr`inbsunb mfri-mfr
mfri-mfrii 95 aih, sjlinbmin
sjlinbmin pili hu`tfpir
hu`tfpirii
mfri-mfri 2 aih (_jdkrfintf, ;?9:). _ili pjrsi`fnin mi`i 9 tjrlipit ; disj, yiftu dimj `itjn
lin disj imtfd, disj imtfd sjnlfrf lfkibf hjnailf 5 disj yiftu, disj imtfd imsj`jrisf, lf`itisf
lin ljsj`jrisf. Li`ih pjrsi`fnin mi`i 9 tjrlipit 5 hisi`ic mjpjriwitin yinb kfisinyi
huneu` yiftu nyjrf imut, mj`jtfcin lin binbbuin risi nyihin.
_ili pjrsi`fnin mi`i 9 fnf lfkutucmin kintuin lirf tjnibi mjsjcitin (pjriwit)
ib
ibir
ir prgs
prgsjs
js pj
pjrs
rsi`
i`fn
fnin
in kfsi
kfsi kj
kjra
rai`
i`in
in lj
ljnbi
nbin
n `i
`ine
neir
ir,, li
lin
n ib
ibir
ir hisi
hisi`i
`ic-h
c-his
isi`
i`ic
ic

mjpjriwitin yinb lfi`ihf g`jc fku kfsi sjbjri tjritisf.

K. Uirin
Lfciripmin
Lfciripmin hicisfswi
hicisfswi lipit hjnbip`fmis
hjnbip`fmisfmin
fmin tjgrf ljnbin sunbbuc-sunb
sunbbuc-sunbbuc
buc
li`ih hjhkjrfmin isucin lf `icin primtfm sjsuif ljnbin stinlir pj`iyinin mjpjriwitin
sjcfnbbi lipit hjnailf suhkjr liyi hinusfi yinb kjrmui`ftis. Ujrti lfsirinmin untum
tjnibi
tjnibi mjsjci
mjsjcitin
tin yinb `ifn
`ifn ibir
ibir hjnbili
hjnbilimin
min suitu
suitu pjnyu`
pjnyu`uci
ucin-pj
n-pjnyu`
nyu`ucin
ucin tjntin
tjntinb
b
pjrukicin dfsfg`gbfs lin psfmg`gbfs sj`ihi pjrsi`fnin sjrti hjminfshj pjrsi`fnin lin
hjnbilimin
hjnbilimin pjrmuhpu`in
pjrmuhpu`in untum hjnljhgnstr
hjnljhgnstrisfmi
isfmin
n eiri hjnjrin ljnbin kifm sj`ihi
sj`ihi
pjrsi`fnin ibir sjtfip pjrsi`fnin lipit kjrai`in ljnbin ngrhi` lin tflim tjrailf

95
 mghp`fmisf.

[JDJ[JNUF

_jdkrfintf, L. (;?9:). Ini`fsfs Dimtgr yinb Kjrcukunbin Ljnbin _jhf`fcin Hjtglj _jrsi`fnin Lf
[uhic Uimft _j`fti Fnsinf Hirtipuri. Dimu`tis Mjlgmtjrin
Mjlgmtjrin Znfvjrsftis Ifr`inbbi
Ifr`inbbi,, 2―<5.

Bfrsinb, F. J. (;?92). Isucin Mjpjriwitin pili Ny.\ ljnbin _rfgrftis Hisi`ic Mjkutucin Lisir
Binbbuin [isi Nyihin 1 Nyjrf pili Fku Hj`icfrmin lf Mj`uricin Uirf [jag Mjeihitin Hjlin
_g`gnfi. [jpgsftgrf Znfvjrsftis Uuhitjri Ztiri, Ztiri, 9(9), 2―55. [jtrfjvjl drgh
cttp1//rjpgsftgrf.usu.ie.fl/kftstrjih/
cttp1//rjpgsftgrf.usu.ie.fl/kftstrjih/cinl`j/9;5<:423
cinl`j/9;5<:4236/;264/9<;:?
6/;264/9<;:???22.pld7
??22.pld7
sjqujnej89&fsI``gwjl8y

9<